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YLV Study

Grace and Torah

2026 Reformation Q&A — answering "the Torah has ended" from the text of Scripture


χάρις · νόμοςcharis · nomosgrace · law — "Do we then nullify the nomos (law) through faith? Certainly not. Rather, we establish the nomos (law)" (Romans 3:31)
Grace and Torah Q&A
Source texts · OT OSHB v2.2 (Westminster Leningrad Codex) · NT RP2018 · Quotations from the Yeshua Literal Version (YLV)
Convention · YLV Style Guide V69

Before You Read

Below are claims commonly made from the position that "if you believe in Yeshua, you no longer need to keep the Torah (the law of Moses)." They are taken from real conversations and letters and put in general form, and under each claim an answer is written from the text of Scripture.

First, one thing must be made clear.

A sinner is declared righteous before God (justification) by grace, by the blood of the Messiah, through faith. It does not come from works. "They are made righteous dorean (freely) by his charis (grace), through the apolytrosis (redemption / ransom-release) that is in Messiah (Christ) Yeshua (Jesus). God set him forth as a hilasterion (atonement-offering) through faith in his blood, to show his dikaiosyne (righteousness) in the forgiveness of sins committed beforehand, in the forbearance of God" (Romans 3:24-25). "For by charis (grace) you have been saved through faith, and this is not from yourselves; it is the dorea (free gift) of God, not from works, so that no one may boast" (Ephesians 2:8-9).

VerseYLVNote
Romans 3:24-25(24) being justified dorean(freely) by His charis(grace) through the apolytrosis(redemption, ransom-release) that is in Messiah(Christ) Yeshua(Jesus), (25) whom God set forth as a hilasterion(propitiation, mercy-seat) through faith in His blood, for a demonstration of His dikaiosyne(righteousness), on account of the passing over of previously committed sinsἱλαστήριον hilasterion(propitiation, place of atonement) · ἀπολύτρωσις apolytrosis(redemption, release by payment)
Ephesians 2:8-9(8) For by charis(grace) you have been saved through faith; and that not of yourselves, it is the dorea(free-gift) of God; (9) not as a result of works, so that no one may boast.χάρις charis(grace) · ἔργον ergon(work, deed)

To seek that justification on the ground of having kept the Torah is not the position of this study; it is what Scripture rebukes. "You who seek to be made righteous in nomos (law) have been cut off from the Messiah (Christ); you have fallen from charis (grace)" (Galatians 5:4).

VerseYLVNote
Galatians 5:4You have been severed from Messiah(Christ), you who are seeking to be justified by nomos(law); you have fallen from charis(grace).νόμος nomos(law) · καταργέω katargeo(to nullify, render powerless)

But Scripture calls the walk of a person so declared righteous, walking according to the commandments, "righteousness," and calls such a person "righteous." "They were both righteous before God, walking blamelessly in all the commandments and dikaiomata (righteous acts / doing the statutes) of the Lord" (Luke 1:6). "If we are careful to do all these commandments before YHWH our God, as he has commanded us, it will be tsedaqah (righteousness) for us" (Deuteronomy 6:25). "The one who does dikaiosyne (righteousness) is righteous, just as he is righteous" (1 John 3:7). "For it is not the hearers of nomos (law) who are righteous before God, but the doers of nomos (law)" (Romans 2:13).

VerseYLVNote
Luke 1:6They were both righteous before God, walking blamelessly in all the commandments and dikaioma(ordinances) of the Lord.δικαίωμα dikaioma(righteous act, ordinance carried out) · πορεύομαι poreuomai(to lead over, carry over, transfer)
Deuteronomy 6:25And it shall be righteousness for us, if we keep to do all this commandment (mitzvah) before YHWH our God, as He commanded us (tzivvah).שָׁמַר shamar(to keep)
1 John 3:7Little children, let no one deceive you; the one who practices dikaiosyne(righteousness) is righteous, as He is righteous.δικαιοσύνη dikaiosyne(righteousness) · τεκνίον teknion(a little child)
Romans 2:13for it is not the hearers of the nomos(law) who are righteous before God, but the doers of the nomos(law) who will be justified.νόμος nomos(law) · ἀκροατής akroates(hearer)

This study holds firmly to the "grace alone, faith alone, Scripture alone" that Luther set up. What this study asks is whether that "Scripture alone" was also applied to the Torah.

What this study deals with is what comes next: what a person saved by grace walks by. New Testament texts are translated from the YLV, and Old Testament texts from the Hebrew and Aramaic text. Each verse can be checked directly in the reader's own Bible, together with the verses before and after it.

The Order of Salvation — Where This Study Stands

The salvation Scripture speaks of has an order.

First, a person is a sinner. "For all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God" (Romans 3:23). For that sinner the Messiah died first. "God showed his own agape (love) toward us in that while we were still sinners, the Messiah (Christ) died for us." (Romans 5:8).

VerseYLVNote
Romans 3:23for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God,ἀμαρτάνω hamartano(to sin) · ὑστερέω hystereo(behind)
Romans 5:8but God demonstrates His own agape(love) toward us in that while we were still sinners, Messiah(Christ) died for us.ἀγάπη agape(love) · συνιστάω synistao(to place together, to set in the same place)

Second, one repents, receives the Savior, and is declared righteous by faith (justification). That was Yeshua's first proclamation. "The kairos (appointed time) is fulfilled, and the basileia (kingdom) of God has come near — metanoeite (repent / spiritual realm) and believe the gospel." (Mark 1:15). "But to those who received him, to those who believe in his name, he gave the exousia (authority) to become children of God." (John 1:12). "For with the kardia (heart, soul realm) one believes unto dikaiosyne (righteousness), and with the mouth one confesses unto salvation" (Romans 10:10). "Therefore, having been made righteous by faith, we have eirene (peace) with God through our Lord Yeshua (Jesus) Messiah (Christ)." (Romans 5:1).

VerseYLVNote
Mark 1:15and saying: "The kairos(appointed-time) is fulfilled and the kingdom of God has drawn near — metanoeite(repent, spiritual domain) and believe in the good news."καιρός kairos(appointed time) · βασιλεία basileia(kingdom, the king's rule)
John 1:12But as many as received Him, to them He gave the exousia(authority) to become children of God, even to those who believe in His name,ἐξουσία exousia(authority) · λαμβάνω lambano(to receive)
Romans 10:10For with the kardia(heart, soul-domain) one believes resulting in dikaiosyne(righteousness), and with the mouth one confesses resulting in Salvation.καρδία kardia(heart) · δικαιοσύνη dikaiosyne(righteousness)
Romans 5:1Therefore, having been justified by faith, we have eirene(peace) with God through our Lord Yeshua(Jesus) Messiah(Christ),εἰρήνη eirene(peace) · δικαιόω dikaioo(to make righteous, justify)

This justification is received by grace, freely, apart from the law of works. "For we reckon that a person is made righteous by faith apart from the nomos (law) of works." (Romans 3:28). The way to receive what is freely given is to repent and receive. The thief on the cross is an example. He feared God, admitted his sin, and confessed Yeshua with his mouth as Lord and King. "We are here justly, for we are receiving what our deeds deserve, but this man has done nothing wrong. … Lord, remember me when you come into your basileia (kingdom)" (Luke 23:41-42). He had no time to do the Torah, but he had repentance and receiving, and Yeshua said, "Today you will be with me in paradeisos (paradise)" (Luke 23:43).

VerseYLVNote
Romans 3:28For we conclude that a person is justified by faith apart from works of nomos(law).νόμος nomos(law) · λογίζομαι logizomai(to reckon, consider)
Luke 23:41-42(41) And we indeed are suffering justly, for we are receiving what we deserve for our deeds; but this man has done nothing wrong." (42) And he was saying, "Yeshua(Jesus), remember me when You come into Your kingdom!"βασιλεία basileia(kingdom, the king's rule) · μιμνήσκω mimnesko(to remember)
Luke 23:43And He said to him, "Truly I say to you, today you shall be with Me in Paradise."παράδεισος paradeisos(paradise)

Repentance and receiving are not demands that first appeared in the New Testament; the Torah commanded them first.

Repentance is a command of the Torah. "You shall confess your iniquity and the iniquity of your fathers" (Leviticus 26:40). "They shall confess the sin they have committed" (Numbers 5:7). "If you return (shuv) to YHWH your God and listen to his voice" (Deuteronomy 4:30). "If you and your children return (veshavta) to YHWH your God with all your heart and with all your soul, and listen to his voice according to all that I command you today" (Deuteronomy 30:2). The prophets repeated this command. "Tear your hearts and not your garments, and return to YHWH your God" (Joel 2:12-13). "Let the wicked forsake his way and the unrighteous man his thoughts, and let him return to YHWH, and he will have compassion on him" (Isaiah 55:7). "Return, O Israel, to YHWH your God" (Hosea 14:1). The Greek metanoia (repentance) renders the Hebrew shuv (to turn back).

VerseYLVNote
Leviticus 26:40And they shall confess their iniquity and the iniquity of their fathers, in their treachery which they committed against Me, and also that they walked with Me contrary.עָוֹן avon(perversity, depravity, iniquity) · מָעַל maal(to act unfaithfully, act treacherously)
Numbers 5:7then they shall confess their sin which they have done, and he shall restore his guilt in its principal, and add to it its fifth, and give it to him to whom he is guilty.יָסַף yasaph(to add, increase, do again) · אָשַׁם asham(to offend, be guilty, trespass)
Deuteronomy 4:30In your distress, and all these things have found you, in the latter end of days, you shall return to YHWH your God and listen to his voice.מָצָא matsa(to find, attain to)
Deuteronomy 30:2and you return to YHWH your God, and hearken to His voice, according to all that I am commanding you (tzivvah) this day, you and your children, with all your heart, and with all your soul (nephesh);שָׁמַע shama(to hear)
Joel 2:12-13(12) And even now, the declaration of YHWH, return to me with all your heart, and with fasting, and with weeping, and with mourning. (13) And rend your heart and not your garments, and return to YHWH your God; for he is gracious and compassionate, slow to anger and abundant in lovingkindness, and relenting over the evil.נְאֻם neum([the] utterance of) · אַף aph(nostril, nose, face)
Isaiah 55:7Let the wicked forsake his way, and the man (ish) of iniquity his thoughts; and let him return to YHWH, and he will have compassion on him, and to our God, for he will abundantly pardon.עָזַב azab(to leave, loose, forsake) · אָוֶן aven(trouble, wickedness, sorrow)
Hosea 14:1 (Masoretic 14:2)Return, O Israel, to YHWH your God; for you have stumbled in your iniquity.כָּשַׁל kashal(to stumble, stagger, totter)

Receiving is also a command of the Torah. Moses pointed to the prophet God would raise up and said, "Listen to him." "YHWH your God will raise up for you a prophet like me from among your brothers; you must listen to him" (Deuteronomy 18:15). "I will put my words in his mouth. … Whoever does not listen to my words that he speaks in my name, I will hold him to account" (Deuteronomy 18:18-19). Peter applied this passage to Yeshua. "Moses said to the fathers, 'The Lord our God will raise up for you a prophet like me from among your brothers; listen to him in everything he says to you. And every psyche (soul) that does not listen to that prophet will be utterly destroyed from among the people.'" (Acts 3:22-23). The Psalm tells us to receive the Son. "Kiss the Son. … Blessed are all who take refuge in him" (Psalm 2:12). Yeshua also said, "If you had believed Moses, you would have believed me, for he wrote about me." (John 5:46).

VerseYLVNote
Deuteronomy 18:15A prophet from your midst, from your brothers, like me, YHWH your God will raise up for you; to him you shall hearken,נָבִיא nabi(prophet) · קוּם qum(to stand, establish)
Deuteronomy 18:18-19(18) A prophet I will raise up for them from the midst of their brothers, like you, and I will put My words in his mouth, and he shall speak to them all that I command (tzivvah) him. (19) And it shall be, the man (ish) who does not hear to My words which he speaks in My name, I Myself will require it of him.נָבִיא nabi(prophet) · קוּם qum(to stand, establish)
Acts 3:22-23(22) Moses said: 'The Lord our God will raise up for you a prophet like me from your brothers; you shall listen to Him in everything He says to you. (23) And it shall be that every psyche(soul) that does not listen to that prophet will be utterly destroyed from the people.'ψυχή psyche(soul) · Μωσῆς Moseus(Moses)
Psalm 2:12Kiss the son, lest he be angry and you perish in the way, for his anger kindles in a little while. Blessed are all who take refuge in him.נָשַׁק nashaq(to put together, kiss) · בַּר bar(son, heir)
John 5:46For if you believed Moses, you would believe Me, for he wrote about Me.πιστεύω pisteuo(to believe) · Μωσῆς Moseus(Moses)

So the second step is not outside the Torah either. By the repentance the Torah commands and the receiving the Torah commands, one receives justification; by keeping the commandments the Torah commands, one moves on into sanctification. From beginning to end it is one word.

Third, one works out the salvation received with fear and trembling (sanctification, hagiasmos). "Not only in my presence but much more now in my absence — work out your own salvation with fear and trembling. For it is God himself who works in you both to will and to do, for his eudokia (good pleasure)." (Philippians 2:12-13). "For this is the thelema (will) of God, your hagiasmos (being made holy): that you abstain from sexual immorality," (1 Thessalonians 4:3). "Just as you once presented your members as slaves to impurity and lawlessness, leading to lawlessness, so now present your members as slaves to dikaiosyne (righteousness), leading to hagiasmos (holiness)." (Romans 6:19). "Pursue peace with all, and holiness, without which no one will see the Lord." (Hebrews 12:14).

VerseYLVNote
Philippians 2:12-13(12) So then, my beloved, just as you have always obeyed, not as in my presence only, but now much more in my absence, work out your own Salvation with fear and trembling; (13) for it is God who is at work in you, both to will and to work for His good pleasure.ὑπακούω hypakouo(to listen, to harken) · ἐνεργέω energeo(to be operative, be at work, put forth power)
1 Thessalonians 4:3For this is the thelema(will) of God, your sanctification; that is, that you abstain from sexual immorality;ἁγιασμός hagiasmos(holiness, being made holy) · θέλημα thelema(will)
Romans 6:19I am speaking in human terms because of the weakness of your sarx(flesh); for just as you presented your members as slaves to impurity and to anomia(Torah-lessness) leading to anomia(Torah-lessness), so now present your members as slaves to dikaiosyne(righteousness) leading to sanctification.δικαιοσύνη dikaiosyne(righteousness) · ἁγιασμός hagiasmos(holiness, being made holy)
Hebrews 12:14Strive for eirene(peace) with everyone, and for the holiness without which no one will see the Lord.εἰρήνη eirene(peace) · διώκω dioko(to make to run or flee, put to flight)

Keeping and obeying the Torah belongs to this third step, the place of sanctification. It does not belong to the first or the second step. What holiness is, Peter says by quoting Leviticus. "But as the one who called you is holy, you also be holy in all your conduct. For it is written, "Be holy, for I am holy."" (1 Peter 1:15-16). Yeshua spoke of that way like this. "If you keep my commandments, you will remain in my agape (love), just as I have kept my Father's commandments and remain in his agape (love)." (John 15:10).

VerseYLVNote
1 Peter 1:15-16(15) but as He who called you is holy, you also be holy in all your conduct, (16) since it is written, "Be holy, for I am holy."γράφω grapho(to write) · καλέω kaleo(to call)
John 15:10If you keep My commandments, you will abide in My agape(love); just as I have kept My Father's commandments and abide in His agape(love).ἀγάπη agape(love) · ἐντολή entole(commandment)

The result of this third step appears as one's place in the kingdom. "Therefore whoever breaks one of the least of these commandments and teaches people so will be called least in the basileia (kingdom) of the heavens, but whoever does them and teaches them will be called great in the basileia (kingdom) of the heavens." (Matthew 5:19). "If anyone's work is burned up, he will suffer loss, but he himself will be saved, yet so as through fire." (1 Corinthians 3:15). "Remain in him, so that when he appears we may have parresia (boldness) and not be put to shame before him at his parousia (coming-presence)." (1 John 2:28). "Behold, I am coming quickly, and my reward is with me, to repay each one according to his deeds." (Revelation 22:12).

VerseYLVNote
Matthew 5:19Whoever then breaks one of the least of these commandments and teaches others to do the same will be called least in the kingdom of the heavens; but whoever keeps and teaches them will be called great in the kingdom of the heavens.βασιλεία basileia(kingdom, the king's rule) · λύω lyo(to loose, destroy)
1 Corinthians 3:15if anyone's work is burned up, he will suffer loss, but he himself will be saved — yet so as through fire.ἔργον ergon(work, deed) · κατακαίω katakaio(to burn up, consume by fire)
1 John 2:28And now, little children, abide in Him, so that when He appears we may have parresia(confidence, boldness) and not shrink from Him in shame at His parousia(coming-presence).παρουσία parousia(presence) · τεκνίον teknion(a little child)
Revelation 22:12"Behold, I am coming quickly, and my reward is with me to repay each one as his work will be.μισθός misthos(dues paid for work) · ἀποδίδωμι apodidomi(to pay back)
StepContentBasisResult
1. SinnerAll have sinnedRomans 3:23; 5:8Falls short of the glory of God
2. JustificationRepenting, receiving the Savior, and being declared righteous by faith — both repentance and receiving are commanded by the TorahMark 1:15; John 1:12; Romans 10:10; 5:1; 3:28; Luke 23:42-43; Deuteronomy 18:15; 30:2Peace with God; children of God
3. SanctificationWorking out the salvation received with fear and trembling — reaching holiness by keeping the commandmentsPhilippians 2:12-13; 1 Thessalonians 4:3; John 15:10Whoever does and teaches the commandments is great in the kingdom (Matthew 5:19) / whoever breaks them and teaches so is least, saved as through fire (Matthew 5:19; 1 Corinthians 3:15; 1 John 2:28)

Most claims that "the Torah is finished" take the words of step 2 (grace, faith, justification) and use them to erase step 3 (sanctification). The questions and answers in this study return each of those points to the text, one by one.

1Repentance and Salvation

Claim 1"It is written that fruit and deeds follow repentance, so literally that is right. But being written does not make it a standard that must be kept."

What Scripture says

This claim is not an interpretation of the text; it is a statement about whether the text is the standard. When Yeshua was tested, he answered all three times with "It is written," and he said that the written Scripture cannot be broken.

Matthew 4:4 · YLV

But He answered and said: "It is written: 'Man shall not live on bread alone, but on every rhema(spoken-word) that proceeds through the mouth of God.'"

Key wordsῥήμα rhema spoken wordἀποκρίνομαι apokrinomai to give an answer to a question proposedγράφω grapho to write

John 10:35 · YLV

If he called them gods, to whom the logos(word) of God came — and the graphe(written-scripture) cannot be broken —

Key wordsγραφή graphe Scripture, what is writtenλόγος logos wordδύναμαι dynamai to be able, have power

Isaiah 8:20 · YLV

To the Torah and to the testimony (edut)! If they do not speak according to this word, it is one for which there is no dawn.

Key wordsשַׁחַר shachar dawn

And "fruit worthy of repentance" (Matthew 3:8) is not a verse standing alone. The words spoken in the same setting are 3:10 and 3:12. If you remove 3:8 from the standard, the axe and the threshing floor are removed with it.

VerseYLVNote
Matthew 3:8Therefore bear fruit worthy of metanoia(repentance, spiritual domain),μετάνοια metanoia(repentance, a turning of mind and direction) · καρπός karpos(fruit)
Matthew 3:8 · YLV

Therefore bear fruit worthy of metanoia(repentance, spiritual domain),

Key wordsμετάνοια metanoia repentance, a turning of mind and directionκαρπός karpos fruitἄξιος axios worthy, fitting

Matthew 3:10 · YLV

And even now the axe is laid at the root of the trees; therefore every tree that does not bear good fruit is cut down and thrown into fire.

Key wordsἀξίνη axine an axeῥίζα rhiza rootδένδρον dendron a tree

Matthew 3:12 · YLV

His winnowing fork is in His hand, and He will thoroughly clear His threshing floor and gather His wheat into the storehouse, but the chaff He will burn up with unquenchable fire."

Key wordsπτύον ptyon a winnowing shovelχείρ cheir handδιακαθαρίζω diakatharizo to cleanse thoroughly

Acts 26:20 · YLV

but kept declaring both to those of Damascus first, and also at Jerusalem and then throughout all the region of Judea, and even to the Gentiles, that they should metanoein(repent, spiritual domain) and turn to God, performing deeds appropriate to metanoia(repentance, spiritual domain).

Key wordsμετάνοια metanoia repentance, a turning of mind and directionΔαμασκός Damaskos DamascusἹεροσόλυμα Hierosolyma Jerusalem

Claim 2"In those days, if you sinned, you could just go to the temple and offer a sacrifice."

What Scripture says

In the Torah, a sacrifice was not something you simply offered after sinning. You first confessed the sin and repaid what you owed others with a fifth added, and only then offered it. Repentance and its fruit came before the sacrifice.

Leviticus 5:5 · YLV

and it shall be, when he becomes guilty in one of these, that he shall confess that in which he has sinned;

Key wordsאָשַׁם asham to offend, be guilty, trespassחָטָא chata to sin, miss, miss the way, go wrong

Numbers 5:6-7 · YLV

(6) "Speak to the sons of Israel: A man (ish) or woman (ishah), when they do any of the sins of the man (adam), to commit a trespass against YHWH, and that soul (nephesh) is guilty, (7) then they shall confess their sin which they have done, and he shall restore his guilt in its principal, and add to it its fifth, and give it to him to whom he is guilty.

Key wordsחַטָּאָה chattaah sin, sinfulיָסַף yasaph to add, increase, do againמַעַל maal unfaithful or treacherous act, trespass

The sin offering was for sins committed unintentionally; for sins committed "with a high hand," in contempt of God, there was no offering to bring. So David could not bring an offering and came with a broken spirit.

Leviticus 4:2 · YLV

"Speak to the sons of Israel, saying: A soul (nephesh), when it sins through error from any of the commandments (mitzvot) of YHWH which shall not be done, and does one of them—

Key wordsנֶפֶשׁ nephesh soulחָטָא chata to sin, miss, miss the way, go wrongמִצוָה mitsvah commandment

Numbers 15:30 · YLV

But the soul (nephesh) who acts with a high hand, whether native-born or sojourner, he blasphemes YHWH; and that soul (nephesh) shall be cut off from the midst of its people.

Key wordsרָמָה ramah to cast, shoot, hurlגָּדַף gadaph to revile men, blaspheme God

Psalm 51:17 (Masoretic 51:19) · YLV

The sacrifices of God are a broken spirit (ruach); a broken and contrite heart, God, you will not despise.

Key wordsזֶבַח zebach sacrificeרוּחַ ruach spiritשָׁבַר shabar to break, break in pieces

Claim 3"The repentance required is a longing and mourning to be rid of sin, not deeds. When one meets the Lord, true repentance happens on its own."

What Scripture says

Longing and mourning are the beginning of repentance, and they are precious. But Scripture does not stop there. The Hebrew shuv (to turn back) and the Greek metanoia (turning around) mean changing one's path. When the crowds asked John the Baptist, "Then what should we do?", John's answer was not an attitude of heart but concrete deeds.

Luke 3:10-14 · YLV

(10) And the crowds asked him, "What then shall we do?" (11) He answered and said to them, "Whoever has two tunics, share with the one who has none, and whoever has food, do likewise." (12) Tax collectors also came to be baptized and said to him, "Teacher, what shall we do?" (13) He said to them, "Collect no more than what you are authorized to." (14) Soldiers also asked him, "And what shall we do?" He said to them, "Do not extort anyone, do not falsely accuse anyone, and be content with your wages."

Key wordsἀποκρίνομαι apokrinomai to give an answer to a question proposedἐπερωτάω eperotao to ask, questionτελώνης telones tax collector

Ezekiel 18:30-31 · YLV

(30) Therefore, each man (ish) according to his ways I will judge you, house of Israel, declares my Lord (Adonai) YHWH. Return, and turn yourselves back from all your transgressions, that iniquity may not be for you a stumbling-block. (31) Cast away from upon you all your transgressions by which you have transgressed, and make for yourselves a new heart and a new spirit (ruach); and why will you die, house of Israel?

Key wordsשָׁלַךְ shalak to throw, cast, hurl, flingשָׁפַט shaphat to judge, govern, vindicate, punishבַּיִת bayith house

Paul says that mourning "produces" repentance, and then goes on to write what that repentance produced.

2 Corinthians 7:10 · YLV

For the sorrow that is according to God produces a metanoia(repentance, spiritual domain) that is ametameleton(without-regret, soul-domain), leading to Salvation, but the sorrow of the world produces death.

Key wordsμετάνοια metanoia repentance, a turning of mind and directionἀμεταμέλητος ametameletos not repentant of, unregrettedλύπη lype sorrow, pain, grief, annoyance, affliction

2 Corinthians 7:11 · YLV

For behold what earnestness this very thing, this godly sorrow, has produced in you: what vindication of yourselves, what indignation, what fear, what longing, what zeal, what avenging of wrong! In everything you demonstrated yourselves to be innocent in the matter.

Key wordsλυπέω lypeo to make sorrowfulκατεργάζομαι katergazomai to work out, accomplishσπουδή spoude haste, with haste

It is true that repentance deepens when one meets the Lord (Luke 5:8). But the order that Yeshua and the apostles proclaimed is not "on its own after meeting him" but "repent and believe."

VerseYLVNote
Luke 5:8But when Simon Peter saw this, he fell down at Yeshua's(Jesus') knees, saying, "Depart from me, for I am a sinful man, Lord."Σίμων Simon(Peter) · Πέτρος Petros(Peter)
Mark 1:15 · YLV

and saying: "The kairos(appointed-time) is fulfilled and the kingdom of God has drawn near — metanoeite(repent, spiritual domain) and believe in the good news."

Key wordsκαιρός kairos appointed timeβασιλεία basileia kingdom, the king's ruleπληρόω pleroo to fill full, fulfill

Acts 3:19 · YLV

Therefore metanoesate(repent, spiritual domain) and turn back, so that your sins may be wiped away, so that kairos(appointed-time)s of refreshing may come from the face of the Lord,

Key wordsκαιρός kairos appointed timeμετανοέω metanoeo to change the mind, repentἐπιστρέφω epistrepho to turn

Acts 20:21 · YLV

solemnly testifying to both Jews and Greeks of metanoia(repentance, spiritual domain) toward God and faith in our Lord Yeshua(Jesus) Messiah(Christ).

Key wordsμετάνοια metanoia repentance, a turning of mind and directionδιαμαρτύρομαι diamartyromai to testifyἝλλην Hellen a Greek

Claim 4"The Lord never told anyone who came to him to repent. He healed them all and gave them what they asked for."

What Scripture says

This differs from the text. Yeshua went back to find a man he had healed and told him not to sin anymore, and he said the same to the woman he forgave.

John 5:14 · YLV

Afterward Yeshua(Jesus) found him in the temple and said to him, "Behold, you have become well; do not sin anymore, so that nothing worse happens to you."

Key wordsεὑρίσκω heurisko to come upon, hit upon, to meet withἱερόν hieron a sacred place, templeἴδε ide behold, see

John 8:11 · YLV

She said, "No one, Lord." And Yeshua(Jesus) said, "I do not krino(condemn) you, either; go your way; from now on sin no more."

Key wordsκρίνω krino to judge, decideπορεύομαι poreuomai to lead over, carry over, transferἀμαρτάνω hamartano to sin

He demanded repentance of the crowds and of the cities, and he tells churches that already believe to repent.

Luke 13:3 · YLV

No, I tell you; but unless you metanoete(repent, spiritual domain), you will all likewise perish.

Key wordsμετανοέω metanoeo to change the mind, repentἀπόλλυμι apollymi to destroy

Luke 5:32 · YLV

I have not come to call the righteous but sinners to metanoia(repentance, spiritual domain)."

Key wordsμετάνοια metanoia repentance, a turning of mind and directionκαλέω kaleo to callδίκαιος dikaios righteous

Matthew 11:20 · YLV

Then He began to denounce the cities in which most of His dynamis(miracles, power) were done, because they did not metanoeo(repent, spiritual domain).

Key wordsδύναμις dynamis powerμετανοέω metanoeo to change the mind, repentἄρχομαι archomai to be the first to do

Revelation 2:5 · YLV

So remember from where you have fallen, metanoeson(repent, spiritual domain), and do the first works; otherwise I am coming to you quickly and will remove your lampstand from its place — unless you metanoeses(repent, spiritual domain).

Key wordsμνημονεύω mnemoneuo to be mindful of, to rememberπίπτω pipto to descend from a higher place to a lowerμετανοέω metanoeo to change the mind, repent

Revelation 3:19 · YLV

Those whom I phileo(love) I rebuke and discipline; so be zealous and metanoeson(repent, spiritual domain).

Key wordsφιλέω phileo to loveἐλέγχω elencho to convict, refute, confuteπαιδεύω paideuo to train, discipline

Nor did everyone who came receive what they asked for. To the man who knelt and asked for eternal life, Yeshua named the one thing he lacked, and the man went away grieving.

Mark 10:21-22 · YLV

(21) Looking at him, Yeshua(Jesus) felt a love for him and said to him: "One thing you lack: go and sell all you possess and give to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven; and come, follow Me, taking up the cross." (22) But at these logos(words) his face fell, and he went away grieving, for he was one who owned much property.

Key wordsλόγος logos wordστυγνάζω stygnazo to be sad, sorrowfulἐμβλέπω emblepo to look at, fix one's eyes on

John 6:66 · YLV

As a result of this many of His disciples withdrew and were not walking with Him anymore.

Key wordsπεριπατέω peripateo to walk, conduct oneselfἀπέρχομαι aperchomai to go away, departμαθητής mathetes a learner, pupil, disciple

Claim 5"God's kindness leads to repentance (Romans 2:4). Experiencing his kindness is true repentance."

What Scripture says

Romans 2:4 is right as it stands. But Paul's sentence does not end at 2:4.

VerseYLVNote
Romans 2:4Or do you despise the riches of His kindness and forbearance and makrothymia(patience, long-suffering), not knowing that the kindness of God leads you to metanoia(repentance, spiritual domain)?χρηστότης chrestotes(moral goodness, integrity) · μετάνοια metanoia(repentance, a turning of mind and direction)
Romans 2:4 · YLV

Or do you despise the riches of His kindness and forbearance and makrothymia(patience, long-suffering), not knowing that the kindness of God leads you to metanoia(repentance, spiritual domain)?

Key wordsχρηστότης chrestotes moral goodness, integrityμετάνοια metanoia repentance, a turning of mind and directionπλοῦτος ploutos riches, wealth

Romans 2:5-8 · YLV

(5) But according to your hardness and ametanoeton(unrepentant, spiritual domain) kardia(heart, soul-domain), you are storing up orge(wrath) for yourself in the day of orge(wrath) and revelation of the dikaiokrisia(righteous-judgment) of God, (6) who will render to each one according to his works: (7) to those who by perseverance in good work seek glory and honor and incorruptibility — eternal zoe(life); (8) but to those who are self-seeking and do not obey the aletheia(truth) but obey unrighteousness — orge(wrath) and fury.

Key wordsκαρδία kardia heartὀργή orge anger, the natural disposition, temperζωή zoe life

Romans 2:13 · YLV

for it is not the hearers of the nomos(law) who are righteous before God, but the doers of the nomos(law) who will be justified.

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawἀκροατής akroates hearerποιητής poietes doer

Kindness is "meant to lead" to repentance, and the same paragraph says that wrath is stored up for an unrepentant heart. It also says that the righteous are not those who hear nomos (law) but those who do it.

Claim 6"Jesus has already dealt with sin. Salvation is a gift. When presenting the gospel, you should make people thirsty, as with the Samaritan woman; you must not talk about sin and law."

What Scripture says

To salvation being a gift, we say amen (Ephesians 2:8; Romans 6:23). And if you read what he said to the Samaritan woman to the end, right after speaking of living water Yeshua exposed the woman's sin and said that worship must be offered in truth.

VerseYLVNote
Ephesians 2:8For by charis(grace) you have been saved through faith; and that not of yourselves, it is the dorea(free-gift) of God;χάρις charis(grace) · σώζω sozo(to save)
Romans 6:23For the wages of sin is death, but the charisma(grace-gift) of God is eternal zoe(life) in Messiah(Christ) Yeshua(Jesus) our Lord.χάρισμα charisma(a favour with which one receives without any merit of his own) · ζωή zoe(life)
John 4:16-18 · YLV

(16) He said to her, "Go, call your husband and come here." (17) The woman answered and said, "I have no husband." Yeshua(Jesus) said to her, "You have correctly said, 'I have no husband'; (18) for you have had five husbands, and the one whom you now have is not your husband; this you have said alethes(truly)."

Key wordsἀληθής alethes trueἀποκρίνομαι apokrinomai to give an answer to a question proposedγυνή gyne a woman of any age

John 4:22 · YLV

You worship what you do not know; we worship what we know, for Salvation is from the Jews.

Key wordsπροσκυνέω proskyneo to worshipσωτηρία soteria salvationἸουδαῖος Ioudaios Jewish, belonging to the Jewish nation

John 4:23-24 · YLV

(23) But an hora(that-hour) is coming, and now is, when the alethinos(true, genuine) worshipers will worship the Father in pneuma(spirit) and aletheia(truth); for such people the Father seeks to be His worshipers. (24) God is pneuma(spirit), and those who worship Him must worship in pneuma(spirit) and aletheia(truth)."

Key wordsπνεῦμα pneuma spiritὥρα hora hour, timeἀλήθεια aletheia truth

The apostles' preaching was the same. Those who heard Peter's words were cut to the heart, and when Paul spoke of righteousness, self-control, and judgment, the governor was afraid.

Acts 2:37-38 · YLV

(37) Now when they heard this, they were pierced to the kardia(heart, soul-domain) and said to Peter and the rest of the apostles, "Brothers, what shall we do?" (38) Peter said to them, "metanoesate(Repent, spiritual domain), and each one of you be baptized in the name of Yeshua(Jesus) Messiah(Christ) for the forgiveness of sins, and you will receive the dorea(free-gift) of the hagio(holy) pneuma(spirit).

Key wordsκαρδία kardia heartἀπόστολος apostolos a delegate, messengerδωρεά dorea free gift

Acts 24:25 · YLV

But as he was discussing dikaiosyne(righteousness), self-control and the krima(verdict) to come, Felix became frightened and said, "Go away for the present, and when I find opportunity I will summon you."

Key wordsδικαιοσύνη dikaiosyne righteousnessκρίμα krima judgment, verdictκαιρός kairos appointed time

The name Yeshua means "he will save his people from their sins." Not leaving them in their sins, but saving them from their sins.

Matthew 1:21 · YLV

And she will bear a Son, and you shall call His name Yeshua(Jesus), for He will save His people from their sins."

Key wordsτίκτω tikto to bring forth, bear, produceυἱός uihos sonκαλέω kaleo to call

Romans 6:15 · YLV

What then? Shall we sin because we are not under nomos(law) but under charis(grace)? May it never be!

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawἀμαρτάνω hamartano to sinχάρις charis grace

1 John 3:6 · YLV

No one who abides in Him keeps on sinning; no one who keeps on sinning has either seen Him or known Him.

Key wordsμένω meno to remain, abideἀμαρτάνω hamartano to sinγινώσκω ginosko to know

2What Is Sin, and What Kind of Law Is God's Law?

Claim 7"Sin is hamartia, missing the mark. Sin is failing to live according to the purpose of creation, not 'being without Torah.'"

What Scripture says

Hamartia (ἁμαρτία) is Greek, and the etymology "missing the mark" is correct. What remains is what that mark is, and the one who defined it is the apostle John.

1 John 3:4 · YLV

Everyone who practices sin also practices anomia(Torah-lessness); sin is anomia(Torah-lessness).

Key wordsἀνομία anomia lawlessness, Torah-lessnessἁμαρτία hamartia sin

Romans 3:20 · YLV

Because by works of nomos(law) no sarx(flesh) will be justified before Him, for through nomos(law) comes epignosis(spiritual, complete knowledge) of sin.

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawἐπίγνωσις epignosis full knowledgeἔργον ergon work, deed

Romans 7:7 · YLV

What then shall we say? Is the nomos(law) sin? May it never be! On the contrary, I would not have come to know sin except through nomos(law); for I would not have known epithymia(lust, desire, strong craving) if the nomos(law) had not said, "You shall not have epithymia(lust, desire, strong craving)."

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawἔρω ereo to utter, speak, sayἁμαρτία hamartia sin

Anomia (ἀνομία) is a word made of a (without) and nomos (law). What "living according to the purpose of creation" means, Scripture also says directly.

Ecclesiastes 12:13 · YLV

The end of the matter, all having been heard: fear God, and keep His commandments (mitzvah); for this is the whole of the man (adam).

Key wordsסוֹף soph end, conclusionשָׁמַע shama to hearשָׁמַר shamar to keep

Claim 8"Does having the Torah mean people do not sin? Is everyone righteous? There is none righteous (Romans 3:10)."

What Scripture says

No one says that having the Torah means not sinning. The Torah makes known what sin is (Romans 3:20). Romans 3:10 and 3:23 are right as they stand, and that chapter ends with this verse.

VerseYLVNote
Romans 3:20Because by works of nomos(law) no sarx(flesh) will be justified before Him, for through nomos(law) comes epignosis(spiritual, complete knowledge) of sin.νόμος nomos(law) · ἐπίγνωσις epignosis(full knowledge)
Romans 3:23for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God,ἀμαρτάνω hamartano(to sin) · ὑστερέω hystereo(behind)
Romans 3:10as it is written: "There is no righteous one, not even one;γράφω grapho(to write) · δίκαιος dikaios(righteous)
Romans 3:31 · YLV

Do we then nullify the nomos(law) through faith? May it never be! On the contrary, we uphold the nomos(law).

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawκαταργέω katargeo to nullify, render powerlessπίστις pistis faith

The words "if you keep it, it will be your righteousness" are Moses' writing, and Scripture records that there really were people who lived that way.

Deuteronomy 6:25 · YLV

And it shall be righteousness for us, if we keep to do all this commandment (mitzvah) before YHWH our God, as He commanded us (tzivvah).

Key wordsשָׁמַר shamar to keep

Luke 1:6 · YLV

They were both righteous before God, walking blamelessly in all the commandments and dikaioma(ordinances) of the Lord.

Key wordsδικαίωμα dikaioma righteous act, ordinance carried outπορεύομαι poreuomai to lead over, carry over, transferἐντολή entole commandment

Daniel too was a man who confessed his sin (Daniel 9:5, 20), yet God called him a righteous man, and the text says he was delivered "because he believed."

VerseYLVNote
Daniel 9:5we have sinned and have done iniquity, we have done wickedly and have rebelled, even turning aside from your commandments (mitzvot) and from your judgments (mishpat).חָטָא chata(to sin, miss, miss the way, go wrong) · רָשַׁע rasha(to be wicked, act wickedly)
Ezekiel 14:14 · YLV

and though these three men were in its midst — Noah, Daniel, and Job — they, by their righteousness, would deliver their soul (nephesh), declares my Lord (Adonai) YHWH.

Key wordsנָצַל natsal to snatch away, deliver, rescue, save, stripנְאֻם neum [the] utterance of

Daniel 6:23 (Masoretic 6:24) · YLV

Then the king was exceedingly glad over him, and commanded to bring Daniel up out of the den. So Daniel was brought up out of the den, and no manner of hurt was found on him, because he had trusted in his God.

Key wordsטְאֵב teeb it was goodחֲבַל chabal hurt, damageשְׁכחַ shekach to find

Hebrews 11:33 · YLV

who through faith conquered kingdoms, worked dikaiosyne(righteousness), obtained promises, stopped the mouths of lions,

Key wordsβασιλεία basileia kingdom, the king's ruleδικαιοσύνη dikaiosyne righteousnessπίστις pistis faith

Claim 9"Those who are of the works of the law are under a curse (Galatians 3:10). Going back to the law is a curse."

What Scripture says

This verse has a first half and a second half within one verse, and the other side reads only the first half. "For all who are of the nomos (law) of works are under a curse, as it is written — "Cursed is everyone who does not remain in all the things written in the biblion (book) of the nomos (law), to do them." (Galatians 3:10).

VerseYLVNote
Galatians 3:10For as many as are of the works of nomos(law) are under a curse; for it is written, "Cursed is everyone who does not abide by all things written in the biblion(book) of the nomos(law), to perform them."νόμος nomos(law) · βιβλίον biblion(book)

Let us look at the second half first. What Paul quotes with "as it is written" is Deuteronomy 27:26. "Cursed is the one who does not establish the words of this Torah by doing them. And all the people shall say, Amen" (Deuteronomy 27:26). The Hebrew is "arur asher lo yakim (אָרוּר אֲשֶׁר לֹא־יָקִים, cursed is the one who does not establish)." The curse falls not on the side that does the Torah but on the side that does not do it. The Greek is the same: "ouk emmenei (οὐκ ἐμμένει, does not remain)."

VerseYLVNote
Deuteronomy 27:26Cursed is he who does not establish the words of this Torah to do them. And all the people shall say, "Amen."אָרַר arar(to curse) · קוּם qum(to stand, establish)

Then who are "those who are of the works of the nomos (law) (hosoi ex ergon nomou, ὅσοι ἐξ ἔργων νόμου)" in the first half? The other side reads them as "the people who keep the Torah." But read that way, the verse contradicts itself. The first half would say "the one who keeps it is under a curse," and the second half would say "the one who does not keep it is under a curse." Paul would not have grounded one sentence on two opposite statements. For the verse to hold together, "those who are of the works of the law" must be people who put forward Torah works as the ground of justification while not actually remaining in the Torah. And Paul names these people at the end of the same letter. "For even those who are circumcised do not themselves keep the nomos (law), yet they want you to be circumcised so that they may boast in your sarx (flesh)."(Galatians 6:13). The very people who demanded circumcision from the Galatian believers were not keeping the law themselves. They are "those who are of the works of the law," and they are the ones under the curse of Deuteronomy 27:26.

VerseYLVNote
Galatians 6:13For those who are circumcised do not even keep the nomos(law) themselves, but they desire to have you circumcised so that they may boast in your sarx(flesh).νόμος nomos(law) · σάρξ sarx(flesh)

Paul used the same phrase, "works of the nomos (law)," in 2:16 as well. "Yet knowing that a person is not made righteous by works of the nomos (law) but through the faith of Yeshua (Jesus) Messiah (Christ), we also believed in Messiah (Christ) Yeshua (Jesus), in order to be made righteous by the faith of Messiah (Christ), because by works of the nomos (law) no sarx (flesh) will be made righteous."(Galatians 2:16). Here too, "works of the law" refers to works put forward as the ground for being made righteous. It does not refer to keeping the Torah itself.

VerseYLVNote
Galatians 2:16yet knowing that a man is not justified by the works of nomos(law) but through faith in Yeshua(Jesus) Messiah(Christ), even we have believed in Messiah(Christ) Yeshua(Jesus), so that we may be justified by faith in Messiah(Christ) and not by the works of nomos(law); since by the works of nomos(law) no sarx(flesh) will be justified.νόμος nomos(law) · σάρξ sarx(flesh)

The next two verses settle this. "And it is clear that no one is made righteous before God in the nomos (law), because "the righteous one will live by faith.""(Galatians 3:11). "But the nomos (law) is not of faith; rather, "the one who does them will live in them."(Galatians 3:12). The quotation in 3:11 is Habakkuk 2:4, "tsaddiq be'emunato yichyeh (צַדִּיק בֶּאֱמוּנָתוֹ יִחְיֶה, the righteous one will live by his faithfulness)," and the quotation in 3:12 is Leviticus 18:5, "vachai bahem (וָחַי בָּהֶם, he will live by them)." Paul sets two Torah texts side by side. Being declared righteous is received by faith (Habakkuk 2:4), and living in it is doing the commandments (Leviticus 18:5). Paul did not deny Leviticus 18:5. In Romans 10:5 he quotes the same verse as it stands, saying "Moses writes."

VerseYLVNote
Galatians 3:11Now that no one is justified by nomos(law) before God is evident; for, "The righteous man shall live by faith."νόμος nomos(law) · δικαιόω dikaioo(to make righteous, justify)
Galatians 3:12However, the nomos(law) is not of faith; on the contrary, "He who practices them shall live by them."νόμος nomos(law) · πίστις pistis(faith)
Habakkuk 2:4Behold, the puffed up—his soul (nephesh) is not upright within him; but the righteous shall live (chai) by his faith.עָפַל aphal(to lift up, swell, be lifted up) · יָשַׁר yashar(to be right, be straight, be level)
Leviticus 18:5And you shall keep my statutes (chuqqot) and my judgments (mishpat), which if the man (adam) does them, he shall live by them: I am YHWH.שָׁמַר shamar(to keep)
Romans 10:5For Moses writes concerning the dikaiosyne(righteousness) that is by the nomos(law): "The person who does these things shall live by them."δικαιοσύνη dikaiosyne(righteousness) · νόμος nomos(law)

Read Galatians 3:10 in two ways, and the results part like this.

The common readingReading the text as it stands
First half: "those who are of the works of the nomos (law)"People who keep the TorahPeople who put forward Torah works as the ground of justification while not actually remaining in the Torah
Second half: "the one who does not remain is cursed"Even those who try cannot keep it all, so in the end everyone is cursedExactly as in Deuteronomy 27:26, the curse pronounced on the one who does not remain in the Torah
Where the curse fallsOn the side that keeps the TorahOn the side that does not do the Torah (arur asher lo yakim, ouk emmenei)
The two halves of one verseFirst "the keeper is cursed," then "the non-keeper is cursed" — a contradictionBoth halves point to the same people — no contradiction
Who these people areNot statedGalatians 6:13, "even those who are circumcised do not themselves keep the nomos (law)"
3:11, Habakkuk 2:4: "the righteous one lives by faithfulness"Faith instead of lawJustification is by faith
3:12, Leviticus 18:5: "the one who does them lives by them"An old principle, abolishedLiving in it is by doing (Paul quotes it again in Romans 10:5)
3:13, what the Messiah redeemed us fromThe law itself"The curse of the nomos (law)"
The way back under the curseKeeping the TorahNot remaining in the Torah
What Galatians 5:4 rebukesKeeping the TorahSeeking "to be made righteous in the nomos (law)"

The last row of the table, what it means to seek "to be made righteous in the nomos (law)," Paul defined himself. "I do not nullify the charis (grace) of God, for if dikaiosyne (righteousness) comes through the nomos (law), then Messiah (Christ) died dorean (in vain)."(Galatians 2:21). Seeking to be made righteous by the law makes the Messiah's death a thing of nothing. It is seeking to be made righteous by the law alone, without the Messiah. The result is written in the same letter. "Look, I, Paul, say to you that if you receive circumcision, Messiah (Christ) will be of no benefit to you. And I testify again to every man who receives circumcision that he is obligated to do the whole nomos (law). You who seek to be made righteous in the nomos (law) have been cut off from Messiah (Christ); you have fallen away from charis (grace)."(Galatians 5:2-4). Since the result is "cut off from the Messiah," that way left out the Messiah from the start.

VerseYLVNote
Galatians 2:21I do not nullify the charis(grace) of God, for if dikaiosyne(righteousness) comes through nomos(law), then Messiah(Christ) died dorean(needlessly).νόμος nomos(law) · δικαιοσύνη dikaiosyne(righteousness)
Galatians 5:2-4(2) Behold I, Paul, say to you that if you receive circumcision, Messiah(Christ) will be of no benefit to you. (3) And I testify again to every man who receives circumcision, that he is under obligation to keep the whole nomos(law). (4) You have been severed from Messiah(Christ), you who are seeking to be justified by nomos(law); you have fallen from charis(grace).νόμος nomos(law) · ἴδε ide(behold, see)

Paul gave the two righteousnesses names and set them apart. "…and be found in him, not having my own dikaiosyne (righteousness) that is from the nomos (law), but the dikaiosyne (righteousness) from God that is through the faith of Messiah (Christ), resting on faith."(Philippians 3:9). "My own righteousness" and "the righteousness from God." This is exactly where Israel stumbled. "For not knowing the dikaiosyne (righteousness) of God, and seeking to establish their own dikaiosyne (righteousness), they did not submit to the dikaiosyne (righteousness) of God. For Messiah (Christ) is the telos (goal/completion) of the nomos (law) for dikaiosyne (righteousness) to everyone who believes."(Romans 10:3-4). The goal (telos) the law points toward is the Messiah, and they left that goal out and tried to establish their own righteousness by the law.

VerseYLVNote
Philippians 3:9and may be found in Him, not having a dikaiosyne(righteousness) of my own derived from nomos(law), but that which is through faith in Messiah(Christ), the dikaiosyne(righteousness) which comes from God on the basis of faith,δικαιοσύνη dikaiosyne(righteousness) · νόμος nomos(law)
Romans 10:3-4(3) For not knowing the dikaiosyne(righteousness) of God and seeking to establish their own dikaiosyne(righteousness), they did not submit to the dikaiosyne(righteousness) of God. (4) For Messiah(Christ) is the telos(goal, completion) of the nomos(law) for dikaiosyne(righteousness) to everyone who believes.τέλος telos(end, goal) · νόμος nomos(law)

Forgiveness of sins and justification are things the law never did. "Therefore, brothers, know this: through him forgiveness of sins is proclaimed to you. And from everything from which you could not be declared righteous by the nomos (law) of Moses, everyone who believes is declared righteous through him."(Acts 13:38-39). "Is the nomos (law) then against the promises of God? Certainly not. For if a nomos (law) had been given that could give zoe (life), then dikaiosyne (righteousness) would indeed have come from the nomos (law)."(Galatians 3:21). The law was not given to give life. It was given to lead to the Messiah. "So the nomos (law) became our paidagogos (guardian) to lead us to Messiah (Christ), so that we might be made righteous by faith."(Galatians 3:24). This was also the issue at the Jerusalem council. "Some men came down from Judea and were teaching the brothers, "Unless you are circumcised according to the ethos (custom) of Moses, you cannot be saved.""(Acts 15:1). "We believe that we are saved through the charis (grace) of the Lord Yeshua (Jesus), just as they are."(Acts 15:11).

VerseYLVNote
Acts 13:38-39(38) Therefore let it be known to you, brothers, that through this One forgiveness of sins is proclaimed to you, (39) and through Him everyone who believes is justified from all things from which you could not be justified through the nomos(law) of Moses.νόμος nomos(law) · ἀνήρ aner(with reference to sex)
Galatians 3:21Is the nomos(law) then contrary to the promises of God? May it never be! For if a nomos(law) had been given which was able to impart zoe(life), then dikaiosyne(righteousness) would indeed have been based on nomos(law).νόμος nomos(law) · δικαιοσύνη dikaiosyne(righteousness)
Galatians 3:24Therefore the nomos(law) has become our paidagogos(guardian-instructor) to lead us to Messiah(Christ), so that we may be justified by faith.νόμος nomos(law) · παιδαγωγός paidagogos(guardian, tutor)
Acts 15:1Some men came down from Judea and began teaching the brothers, "Unless you are circumcised according to the custom of Moses, you cannot be saved."κατέρχομαι katerchomai(to come down, go down) · Ἰουδαία Ioudaia(Judaea)
Acts 15:11But we believe that we are saved through the charis(grace) of the Lord Yeshua(Jesus), in the same way as they also are."χάρις charis(grace) · πιστεύω pisteuo(to believe)

In short, seeking "to be made righteous in the nomos (law)" is trying to gain forgiveness of sins and justification on the ground of having kept the law, without the blood of the Messiah and without faith, and that makes the Messiah one who died in vain (Galatians 2:21). By contrast, when a person declared righteous by the Messiah's blood keeps his commandments, that does not fall into this category. It is the life Luke 1:6 calls "righteous," and the life of which Paul says "the whole law is fulfilled." "For the whole nomos (law) is fulfilled in one word: "You shall love your neighbor as yourself.""(Galatians 5:14).

VerseYLVNote
Galatians 5:14For the whole nomos(law) is fulfilled in one logos(word), in the statement, "You shall agape(love) your neighbor as yourself."νόμος nomos(law) · λόγος logos(word)
Luke 1:6They were both righteous before God, walking blamelessly in all the commandments and dikaioma(ordinances) of the Lord.δικαίωμα dikaioma(righteous act, ordinance carried out) · πορεύομαι poreuomai(to lead over, carry over, transfer)

And the very next verse says what the Messiah redeemed us from. "Messiah (Christ) redeemed us from the curse of the nomos (law) by becoming a curse for us, as it is written — "Cursed is everyone who hangs on a tree."(Galatians 3:13). What he redeemed us from is "the curse of the nomos (law)," not the nomos (law). The expression "the curse of the law" appears in only this one place in all of Scripture. That curse was pronounced, as Deuteronomy 27:26 says, on the one who does not remain in the Torah, and we have been released from that sentence. The way for a released person to come back under the curse is not keeping the Torah but not remaining in the Torah.

VerseYLVNote
Galatians 3:13Messiah(Christ) redeemed us from the curse of the nomos(law), having become a curse for us — for it is written, "Cursed is everyone who hangs on a tree" —νόμος nomos(law) · ἐξαγοράζω exagorazo(to buy out, redeem)

Claim 10"We read the Old Testament and take its lessons, but we do not accept everything in it as an object of faith. Is it obedience to keep, even today, the command not to boil a young goat in its mother's milk?"

What Scripture says

The subject of 2 Timothy 3:16, "profitable for teaching, for reproof, for correction, and for training in righteousness," is "every graphe (written Scripture)." When Paul wrote this letter, the Scriptures were the books we now call the Old Testament.

VerseYLVNote
2 Timothy 3:16All graphe(written-scripture) is God-breathed and profitable for teaching, for reproof, for correction, for paideia(training, discipline) in dikaiosyne(righteousness);γραφή graphe(Scripture, what is written) · παιδεία paideia(the whole training and education of children)
2 Timothy 3:16-17 · YLV

(16) All graphe(written-scripture) is God-breathed and profitable for teaching, for reproof, for correction, for paideia(training, discipline) in dikaiosyne(righteousness); (17) so that the man of God may be adequate, equipped for every good work.

Key wordsγραφή graphe Scripture, what is writtenπαιδεία paideia the whole training and education of childrenδικαιοσύνη dikaiosyne righteousness

Acts 24:14 · YLV

But this I admit to you, that according to the Way which they call a sect I do serve the God of our fathers, believing everything that is in accordance with the nomos(law) and that is written in the Prophets;

Key wordsαἵρεσις hairesis act of taking, captureνόμος nomos lawὁμολογέω homologeo to confess, declare

Luke 24:25 · YLV

And He said to them, "O foolish men and slow of kardia(heart, soul-domain) to believe in all that the prophets have spoken!

Key wordsκαρδία kardia heartπιστεύω pisteuo to believeλαλέω laleo to speak

John 5:46-47 · YLV

(46) For if you believed Moses, you would believe Me, for he wrote about Me. (47) But if you do not believe his writings, how will you believe My rhema(spoken-words)?"

Key wordsῥήμα rhema spoken wordπιστεύω pisteuo to believeΜωσῆς Moseus Moses

The commandment about the young goat is this.

Exodus 23:19 · YLV

The first of the firstfruits of your ground (adamah) you shall bring into the house of YHWH your God. You shall not boil a kid in its mother's milk.

Key wordsרֵאשִׁית reshith first, beginning, best, chiefבִּכּוּר bikkur first-fruitsבַּיִת bayith house

The way to obey this commandment is not to boil a young goat in its mother's milk. It is not a hard thing. Taking it as a lesson and keeping it as written do not push each other out. Paul drew a lesson from the commandment about the ox without abolishing that commandment, and Yeshua told us to do both the small commandments and the great ones.

1 Corinthians 9:9-10 · YLV

(9) For it is written in the nomos(law) of Moses: "You shall not muzzle the ox while it is threshing." God is not concerned about oxen, is He? (10) Or is He speaking entirely for our sake? Yes, for our sake it was written, because the one who plows ought to plow in elpis(hope), and the one who threshes in elpis(hope) of partaking.

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawἐλπίς elpis expectation of evil, fearΜωσῆς Moseus Moses

Matthew 23:23 · YLV

Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you tithe mint and dill and cummin and have neglected the weightier provisions of the nomos(law) — krisis(judgment) and mercy and faithfulness; but these are the things you should have done without neglecting the others.

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawκρίσις krisis a separating, sundering, separationπίστις pistis faith

Matthew 5:19 · YLV

Whoever then breaks one of the least of these commandments and teaches others to do the same will be called least in the kingdom of the heavens; but whoever keeps and teaches them will be called great in the kingdom of the heavens.

Key wordsβασιλεία basileia kingdom, the king's ruleλύω lyo to loose, destroyἐντολή entole commandment

Claim 11"To rightly divide the word of truth (2 Timothy 2:15) means to distinguish the word of the law from the gospel of truth. We were told not to teach myths and genealogies based on the Old Testament."

What Scripture says

"Rightly divide" is orthotomeo (ὀρθοτομέω) in Greek, "to cut straight, to handle rightly." It does not mean to separate the law from the gospel. Scripture itself says what "the word of truth" is.

2 Timothy 2:15 · YLV

Be diligent to present yourself dokimon(approved, verified) to God as a workman who does not need to be ashamed, accurately handling the logos(word) of aletheia(truth).

Key wordsὀρθοτομέω orthotomeo to cut straight, to cut straight waysλόγος logos wordἀλήθεια aletheia truth

Psalm 119:142 · YLV

Your righteousness is righteousness forever, and your Torah is truth.

Key wordsצֶדֶק tsedeq justice, rightness, righteousnessאֶמֶת emeth firmness, faithfulness, truth

John 17:17 · YLV

Sanctify them in the aletheia(truth); Your logos(word) is aletheia(truth).

Key wordsἁγιάζω hagiazo to make holyἀλήθεια aletheia truthλόγος logos word

1 Timothy 1:4 has no words "based on the Old Testament." In the same paragraph Paul says the nomos (law) is good, and in Titus he makes clear that what to guard against is "the commandments of men."

VerseYLVNote
1 Timothy 1:4nor to pay attention to myths and endless genealogies, which give rise to mere speculation rather than furthering the oikonomia(administration) of God which is by faith.προσέχω prosecho(to bring to, bring near) · μύθος mythos(a speech, word, saying)
1 Timothy 1:4 · YLV

nor to pay attention to myths and endless genealogies, which give rise to mere speculation rather than furthering the oikonomia(administration) of God which is by faith.

Key wordsπροσέχω prosecho to bring to, bring nearμύθος mythos a speech, word, sayingγενεαλογία genealogia a genealogy, a record of descent or lineage

1 Timothy 1:7-8 · YLV

(7) wanting to be teachers of nomos(law), even though they do not understand either what they are saying or the matters about which they make confident assertions. (8) But we know that the nomos(law) is good, if one uses it lawfully,

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawθέλω thelo to will, have in mind, intendνομοδιδάσκαλος nomodidaskalos a teacher and interpreter of the law

Titus 1:14 · YLV

not paying attention to Jewish myths and commandments of men who turn away from the aletheia(truth).

Key wordsἀλήθεια aletheia truthπροσέχω prosecho to bring to, bring nearμύθος mythos a speech, word, saying

Claim 12"The Torah was given to unregenerate slaves of the flesh until Christ came. It is meant to restrain sin and to make it known."

What Scripture says

The Torah itself says who received the Torah. It was a people already delivered by the blood of the lamb. Salvation comes first, and the commandments come after.

Exodus 20:2 · YLV

I am YHWH your God, who brought you out from the land of Egypt, from the house of servants.

Key wordsעֶבֶד ebed servant

Exodus 19:5-6 · YLV

(5) And now, if you will indeed hearken to My voice and keep My covenant (berit), then you shall be to Me a treasured possession from among all the peoples; for all the earth is Mine. (6) And you yourselves shall be to Me a kingdom of priests and a holy nation. These are the words which you shall speak to the sons of Israel."

Key wordsשָׁמַע shama to hearמַמלָכָה mamlakah kingdom, dominion, reign, sovereigntyכֹּהֵן kohen priest, principal officer or chief ruler

And Paul says the law is not of the flesh but spiritual. What is of the flesh is not the law but "I."

Romans 7:12 · YLV

So then, the nomos(law) is holy, and the commandment is holy and righteous and good.

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawἅγιος hagios holyἐντολή entole commandment

Romans 7:14 · YLV

For we know that the nomos(law) is spiritual, but I am sarx(flesh)ly, sold under sin.

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawπνευματικός pneumatikos relating to the human spiritσαρκικός sarkikos fleshly, carnal

Romans 8:7 · YLV

Because the phronema(mindset) of the sarx(flesh) is hostility toward God, for it does not submit to the nomos(law) of God — indeed it cannot —

Key wordsφρόνημα phronema mindsetσάρξ sarx fleshνόμος nomos law

The paidagogos in Galatians 3:23-25 was a slave who watched over and disciplined a child. "No longer under it" means no longer shut up under the law's watch and condemnation. Paul knew these words would be misunderstood, and he blocked that himself.

VerseYLVNote
Galatians 3:23-25(23) But before faith came, we were kept in custody under the nomos(law), being shut up to the faith which was later to be revealed. (24) Therefore the nomos(law) has become our paidagogos(guardian-instructor) to lead us to Messiah(Christ), so that we may be justified by faith. (25) But now that faith has come, we are no longer under a paidagogos(guardian-instructor).νόμος nomos(law) · παιδαγωγός paidagogos(guardian, tutor)
Galatians 3:23-25 · YLV

(23) But before faith came, we were kept in custody under the nomos(law), being shut up to the faith which was later to be revealed. (24) Therefore the nomos(law) has become our paidagogos(guardian-instructor) to lead us to Messiah(Christ), so that we may be justified by faith. (25) But now that faith has come, we are no longer under a paidagogos(guardian-instructor).

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawπαιδαγωγός paidagogos guardian, tutorπίστις pistis faith

Romans 6:15 · YLV

What then? Shall we sin because we are not under nomos(law) but under charis(grace)? May it never be!

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawἀμαρτάνω hamartano to sinχάρις charis grace

Matthew 5:17-18 · YLV

(17) Do not think that I came to abolish the nomos(law) or the prophets — I did not come to abolish but to fulfill. (18) For truly I say to you, until heaven and earth pass away, not one iota(smallest Greek letter) or one keraia(stroke of a letter) will pass away from the nomos(law) until all things are accomplished.

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawἰῶτα iota iotaκεραία keraia stroke of a letter

Claim 13"You cannot overcome sin by keeping the law again. You cannot become holier. That is not God's way."

What Scripture says

That a person cannot overcome sin by keeping the law in his own strength is the word of Romans 8:3. But God himself has said what "God's way" is. It is giving his Spirit so that we walk in his statutes, and writing the law on the heart.

VerseYLVNote
Romans 8:3For what was impossible for the nomos(law) — in that it was weak through the sarx(flesh) — God, by sending His own Son in the likeness of sinful sarx(flesh) and concerning sin, katakrino(condemned) sin in the sarx(flesh),νόμος nomos(law) · σάρξ sarx(flesh)
Romans 8:3-4 · YLV

(3) For what was impossible for the nomos(law) — in that it was weak through the sarx(flesh) — God, by sending His own Son in the likeness of sinful sarx(flesh) and concerning sin, katakrino(condemned) sin in the sarx(flesh), (4) so that the dikaioma(ordinance) of the nomos(law) might be fulfilled in us who do not walk according to the sarx(flesh) but according to the pneuma(spirit).

Key wordsδικαίωμα dikaioma righteous act, ordinance carried outνόμος nomos lawσάρξ sarx flesh

Hebrews 8:10 · YLV

For this is the diatheke(covenant) that I will make with the house of Israel after those days, declares the Lord: I will put my nomoi(laws) into their dianoia(thought), and write them on their kardiai(hearts, soul-domains), and I will be their God, and they shall be my people.

Key wordsδιαθήκη diatheke covenantδιάνοια dianoia mind, understandingκαρδία kardia heart

Jeremiah 31:33 · YLV

For this is the covenant (berit) that I will cut with the house of Israel after those days, declares YHWH: I will put My Torah within them, and on their heart I will write it; and I will be their God, and they shall be My people.

Key wordsכָּרַת karath to cut, cut off, cut downבַּיִת bayith houseנְאֻם neum [the] utterance of

Peter quotes Leviticus to say what holiness is.

1 Peter 1:15-16 · YLV

(15) but as He who called you is holy, you also be holy in all your conduct, (16) since it is written, "Be holy, for I am holy."

Key wordsγράφω grapho to writeκαλέω kaleo to callἀναστροφή anastrophe manner of life, conduct, behaviour

Leviticus 20:7-8 · YLV

(7) And you shall sanctify yourselves, and you shall be holy, for I am YHWH your God. (8) And you shall keep My statutes (chuqqot) and do them; I am YHWH who sanctifies you.

Key wordsקָדוֹשׁ qadosh sacred, holy, Holy One, saint, set apart

Psalm 119:9 · YLV

By what does a young man keep his path pure? By guarding it according to your word.

Key wordsזָכָה zakah to be clean, be pure, be clearנַעַר naar a boy, lad, servant, youth, retainer

Claim 14"For the born-again, whatever is not lived by faith is sin (Romans 14:23). Not remaining in the law is not sin."

What Scripture says

Romans 14:23 is a verse about a person who eats while doubting. Read with what comes before and after, it goes like this.

VerseYLVNote
Romans 14:23But the one who diakrino(middle, passive: doubts, wavers) is katakrino(condemned) if he eats, because it is not from faith; and everything that is not from faith is sin.διακρίνω diakrino(to separate, make a distinction, discriminate) · φάγω phago(to eat)
Romans 14:1-2 · YLV

(1) Now receive the one who is weak in faith — not for diakrisis(discernment) of dialogismoi(reasoning, deliberations). (2) One person believes he may eat all things, but the one who is weak eats only vegetables.

Key wordsδιάκρισις diakrisis a distinguishing, discerning, judgingἀσθενέω astheneo to be weak, feeble, to be without strengthπιστεύω pisteuo to believe

Romans 14:22-23 · YLV

(22) The faith you have — keep it to yourself before God; blessed is the one who does not krino(judge) himself in what he approves. (23) But the one who diakrino(middle, passive: doubts, wavers) is katakrino(condemned) if he eats, because it is not from faith; and everything that is not from faith is sin.

Key wordsδιακρίνω diakrino to separate, make a distinction, discriminateκρίνω krino to judge, decideπίστις pistis faith

This verse names one case of sin. The verse that defines sin as a whole is 1 John 3:4. And faith and the law do not stand against each other. Faith establishes the law (Romans 3:31), faith obeys, and faith without works is dead.

VerseYLVNote
Romans 3:31Do we then nullify the nomos(law) through faith? May it never be! On the contrary, we uphold the nomos(law).νόμος nomos(law) · καταργέω katargeo(to nullify, render powerless)
1 John 3:4Everyone who practices sin also practices anomia(Torah-lessness); sin is anomia(Torah-lessness).ἀνομία anomia(lawlessness, Torah-lessness) · ἁμαρτία hamartia(sin)
1 John 5:17 · YLV

All unrighteousness is sin, and there is sin that does not lead to death.

Key wordsἀδικία adikia unrighteousness, injusticeἁμαρτία hamartia sinθάνατος thanatos death

James 4:17 · YLV

So whoever knows the right thing to do and fails to do it, for him it is sin.

Key wordsἁμαρτία hamartia sinκαλός kalos beautiful, handsome, excellent, eminent

Hebrews 11:8 · YLV

By faith Abraham obeyed when he was called to go out to a place that he was to receive as an inheritance, and he went out, not knowing where he was going.

Key wordsπίστις pistis faithκαλέω kaleo to callὑπακούω hypakouo to listen, to harken

James 2:17 · YLV

So also faith, if it does not have works, is dead in itself.

Key wordsπίστις pistis faithἔργον ergon work, deedνεκρός nekros dead

Claim 15"The born-again are citizens of the kingdom of heaven. Just as an American ambassador follows American law while working in Korea, citizens of heaven follow the law of heaven. That is living by faith."

What Scripture says

This comparison is right. Citizens of heaven live by the law of heaven (Philippians 3:20). Then what is the law of heaven? It is the word of God, the King of that kingdom.

VerseYLVNote
Philippians 3:20For our politeuma(commonwealth-citizenship) is in heaven, from which also we eagerly wait for a Savior, the Lord Yeshua(Jesus) Messiah(Christ);πολίτευμα politeuma(the administration of civil affairs or of a commonwealth) · οὐρανός ouranos(heaven, sky)
Psalm 119:89 · YLV

Forever, YHWH, your word stands firm in the heavens.

Key wordsנָצַב natsab to stand, take a stand

Matthew 6:10 · YLV

Your kingdom come. Your thelema(will) be done, as in heaven so on earth.

Key wordsβασιλεία basileia kingdom, the king's ruleθέλημα thelema willοὐρανός ouranos heaven, sky

Hebrews 8:10 · YLV

For this is the diatheke(covenant) that I will make with the house of Israel after those days, declares the Lord: I will put my nomoi(laws) into their dianoia(thought), and write them on their kardiai(hearts, soul-domains), and I will be their God, and they shall be my people.

Key wordsδιαθήκη diatheke covenantδιάνοια dianoia mind, understandingκαρδία kardia heart

Isaiah 2:3 · YLV

And many peoples shall go and say: "Come, and let us go up to the mountain of YHWH, to the house of the God of Jacob; and He will teach us of His ways, and we will walk in His paths." For out of Zion shall go forth Torah, and the word of YHWH from Jerusalem.

Key wordsהַר har hill, mountain, hill country, mountבַּיִת bayith houseתּוֹרָה torah Torah, instruction

What Hebrews 11 records about those who "believed what is not seen" are all acts of obedience. Noah built the ark, Abraham obeyed and went out, and Moses kept the Passover (Hebrews 11:7, 8, 28).

VerseYLVNote
Hebrews 11:7By faith Noah, being warned by God concerning events not yet seen, in reverent fear constructed an ark for the saving of his household; by this he katakrino(condemned) the world and became an heir of the dikaiosyne(righteousness) that comes by faith.δικαιοσύνη dikaiosyne(righteousness) · πίστις pistis(faith)
Revelation 22:14 · YLV

Blessed are those who do His commandments, so that their exousia(authority) will be over the tree of zoe(life) and they may enter through the gates into the city.

Key wordsἐξουσία exousia authorityζωή zoe lifeἐντολή entole commandment

3What Galatians Rebuked

Claim 16"The Galatian church, though saved, tried to go back to the Torah, and Paul called that another gospel and cursed it (Galatians 1:8-9)."

What Scripture says

The Galatian believers were not Jews but Gentiles who had served idols. People who never knew the Torah cannot go "back" to the Torah.

Galatians 4:8-9 · YLV

(8) However at that time, when you did not know God, you were slaves to those which by nature are no gods. (9) But now that you have come to know God, or rather to be known by God, how is it that you turn back again to the weak and worthless stoicheia(elementary principles), to which you desire to be enslaved all over again?

Key wordsστοιχεῖον stoicheion any first thingγινώσκω ginosko to knowδουλεύω douleuo to serve as a slave

The same letter makes clear what "another gospel" is. It is receiving circumcision and seeking "to be made righteous" in the nomos (law). The people who forced it on them were the very ones who did not keep the nomos (law).

Galatians 5:2-4 · YLV

(2) Behold I, Paul, say to you that if you receive circumcision, Messiah(Christ) will be of no benefit to you. (3) And I testify again to every man who receives circumcision, that he is under obligation to keep the whole nomos(law). (4) You have been severed from Messiah(Christ), you who are seeking to be justified by nomos(law); you have fallen from charis(grace).

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawἴδε ide behold, seeμαρτύρομαι martyromai to cite a witness, bring forward a witness

Galatians 6:12-13 · YLV

(12) Those who desire to make a good showing in sarx(flesh) try to compel you to be circumcised, simply so that they will not be persecuted for the cross of Messiah(Christ). (13) For those who are circumcised do not even keep the nomos(law) themselves, but they desire to have you circumcised so that they may boast in your sarx(flesh).

Key wordsσάρξ sarx fleshνόμος nomos lawθέλω thelo to will, have in mind, intend

The rebuke of Galatians is aimed not at keeping the Torah but at seeking justification on the ground of having kept the Torah. To that rebuke this study also says amen.

Here is the full text of the passage the claim cites.

VerseYLVNote
Galatians 1:8-9(8) But even if we, or an angel from heaven, should proclaim to you a good news contrary to what we have proclaimed to you, he is to be anathema(accursed)! (9) As we have said before, so I say again now: if anyone is proclaiming to you a good news contrary to what you received, he is to be anathema(accursed)!προλέγω prolego(to say beforehand, to predict) · ἄγγελος angelos(a messenger, envoy, one who is sent, an angel)

Claim 17"If I rebuild what I tore down, I prove myself a transgressor (Galatians 2:18). What Paul tore down was the Torah."

What Scripture says

The verses before and after say what Paul tore down. It was the way of seeking to be made righteous by works. It was not the Torah.

Galatians 2:16 · YLV

yet knowing that a man is not justified by the works of nomos(law) but through faith in Yeshua(Jesus) Messiah(Christ), even we have believed in Messiah(Christ) Yeshua(Jesus), so that we may be justified by faith in Messiah(Christ) and not by the works of nomos(law); since by the works of nomos(law) no sarx(flesh) will be justified.

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawσάρξ sarx fleshδικαιόω dikaioo to make righteous, justify

Galatians 2:17 · YLV

But if, while seeking to be justified in Messiah(Christ), we ourselves have also been found to be sinners, is Messiah(Christ) then a diakonos(servant) of sin? May it never be!

Key wordsδιάκονος diakonos servant, ministerζητέω zeteo to seek in order to findδικαιόω dikaioo to make righteous, justify

Galatians 2:21 · YLV

I do not nullify the charis(grace) of God, for if dikaiosyne(righteousness) comes through nomos(law), then Messiah(Christ) died dorean(needlessly).

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawδικαιοσύνη dikaiosyne righteousnessἀθετέω atheteo to set aside, reject

Paul himself and the apostles in Jerusalem testify that Paul did not tear down the Torah. The apostles called the rumor that he "teaches people to forsake Moses" groundless.

Acts 21:24 · YLV

take them and purify yourself along with them, and pay their expenses so that they may shave their heads; and all will know that there is nothing to the things which they have been told about you, but that you yourself also walk orderly, keeping the nomos(law).

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawπαραλαμβάνω paralambano to take along, receiveἁγνίζω hagnizo ceremonially

Acts 24:14 · YLV

But this I admit to you, that according to the Way which they call a sect I do serve the God of our fathers, believing everything that is in accordance with the nomos(law) and that is written in the Prophets;

Key wordsαἵρεσις hairesis act of taking, captureνόμος nomos lawὁμολογέω homologeo to confess, declare

Romans 3:31 · YLV

Do we then nullify the nomos(law) through faith? May it never be! On the contrary, we uphold the nomos(law).

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawκαταργέω katargeo to nullify, render powerlessπίστις pistis faith

Here is the full text of the passage the claim cites.

VerseYLVNote
Galatians 2:18For if I rebuild what I have once destroyed, I prove myself to be a transgressor.καταλύω katalyo(to tear down, abolish) · οἰκοδομέω oikodomeo(to build a house, erect a building)

Claim 18"You observe days and months and seasons and years; I fear my labor may be in vain (Galatians 4:10-11). Feasts must not be kept."

What Scripture says

Galatians 4:10 is not a rebuke of keeping the Torah's feasts. The verse is attached to 4:8-9 right before it. What Paul rebukes is turning "back" to the former idolatry of those who "were enslaved to beings that by nature are not gods," while treating with hostility God's kairoi, the moedim (appointed times): the days, months, seasons and years. The word that has been translated "observe" shows this.

VerseYLVNote
Galatians 4:10You are paratereo(observe with hostile intent) days and months and kairos(appointed-times: Moedim) and years.παρατηρέω paratereo(to stand beside and watch) · καιρός kairos(appointed time)
Galatians 4:8-9 · YLV

(8) However at that time, when you did not know God, you were slaves to those which by nature are no gods. (9) But now that you have come to know God, or rather to be known by God, how is it that you turn back again to the weak and worthless stoicheia(elementary principles), to which you desire to be enslaved all over again?

Key wordsστοιχεῖον stoicheion any first thingγινώσκω ginosko to knowδουλεύω douleuo to serve as a slave

Galatians 4:10 · YLV

You are paratereo(observe with hostile intent) days and months and kairos(appointed-times: Moedim) and years.

Key wordsπαρατηρέω paratereo to stand beside and watchκαιρός kairos appointed timeἡμέρα hemera day

And the verb that has been translated "observe" is not tereo (τηρέω) but paratereo (παρατηρέω). When Yeshua said "keep my commandments" (John 14:15), the word he used was tereo. Paratereo appears six times in the New Testament, and the five places other than Galatians 4:10 are all hostile watching, to lay a trap, to accuse, to kill.

VerseYLVNote
John 14:15If you agapao(love) Me, you will keep My commandments.ἀγαπάω agapao(to love) · ἐντολή entole(commandment)
Mark 3:2 · YLV

They were paratereo(observing with hostile intent) Him to see if He would heal him on the sabbatons(referring to every Moed of Leviticus 23), so that they might accuse Him.

Key wordsπαρατηρέω paratereo to stand beside and watchσάββατον sabbaton sabbath, sabbaton — every appointed sabbath of the moedimθεραπεύω therapeuo to serve, do service

Luke 6:7 · YLV

The scribes and Pharisees were paratereo(observing with hostile intent) Him to see if He would heal on the sabbaton(referring to every Moed of Leviticus 23), so that they might find a charge against Him.

Key wordsπαρατηρέω paratereo to stand beside and watchγραμματεύς grammateus a clerk, scribe, especiallya public servantΦαρισαῖος Pharisaios Pharisee

Acts 9:24 · YLV

but their plot became known to Saul; and they were also paratereo(observing with hostile intent) the gates day and night so that they might put him to death.

Key wordsπαρατηρέω paratereo to stand beside and watchγινώσκω ginosko to knowΣαῦλος Saulos Saul

Luke 14:1 and 20:20 are the same. So there is no reason for this word to turn into "keep devoutly" in Galatians 4:10 alone. What Paul feared would make his labor vain was not the keeping of the feasts but a hostile attitude that watches the feasts like a spy. Paul himself kept God's feasts, urged the Gentile church to keep them too, and when he spoke of keeping a feast he used the word heortazo (ἑορτάζω).

VerseYLVNote
Luke 20:20And they paratereo(observed with hostile intent) Him, and sent spies who pretended to be righteous, in order that they might catch Him in some statement, so that they could deliver Him to the rule and exousia(authority) of the governor.παρατηρέω paratereo(to stand beside and watch) · ἀρχή arche(beginning)
Luke 14:1And it came about when He went into the house of one of the leaders of the Pharisees on a sabbaton(referring to every Moed of Leviticus 23) to eat bread, that they were paratereo(observing with hostile intent) Him.παρατηρέω paratereo(to stand beside and watch) · οἶκος oikos(a house)
1 Corinthians 5:8 · YLV

Therefore let us celebrate the feast, not with old leaven nor with leaven of malice and wickedness, but with the unleavened bread of sincerity and aletheia(truth).

Key wordsἀλήθεια aletheia truthἑορτάζω heortazo to keep a feast day, celebrate a feastζύμη zyme leaven

Acts 18:21 · YLV

But taking his leave of them and saying, "I will return to you again if God wills," he set sail from Ephesus.

Key wordsἑορτή heorte a feast day, festivalἀποτάσσομαι apotassomai to set apart, separateδεῖ dei it is necessary, there is need of

Acts 20:16 · YLV

For Paul had krino(decided) to sail past Ephesus so that he would not have to spend chronos(chronological-time) in Asia; for he was hurrying to be in Jerusalem, if possible, on the day of Pentecost.

Key wordsπεντηκοστή pentekoste Pentecostσπεύδω speudo to haste, make hasteἹεροσόλυμα Hierosolyma Jerusalem

A full survey of the three words paratereo, parabaino, and parakletos is in Para (παρά) — The Secret of a Hidden Prefix.

Here is the full text of the passage the claim cites.

VerseYLVNote
Galatians 4:10-11(10) You are paratereo(observe with hostile intent) days and months and kairos(appointed-times: Moedim) and years. (11) I fear for you, that perhaps I have labored over you in vain.παρατηρέω paratereo(to stand beside and watch) · καιρός kairos(appointed time)

Claim 19"Do not submit again to a yoke of slavery (Galatians 5:1). The yoke of slavery is the law. Chapter 4 said the law was given to those born according to the flesh."

What Scripture says

Galatians 4:21 contains no words saying "the law was given to those born according to the flesh." Paul asks, "Do you not hear the nomos (law)?" and then draws his argument from the story of Hagar and Sarah in Genesis, that is, from the Torah. No one can argue from the Torah that the Torah should be thrown away.

VerseYLVNote
Galatians 4:21Tell me, you who want to be under nomos(law), do you not listen to the nomos(law)?νόμος nomos(law) · θέλω thelo(to will, have in mind, intend)
Galatians 4:21 · YLV

Tell me, you who want to be under nomos(law), do you not listen to the nomos(law)?

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawθέλω thelo to will, have in mind, intendἀκούω akouo to hear

Galatians 4:25 · YLV

Now this Hagar is Mount Sinai in Arabia and corresponds to the present Jerusalem, for she is in slavery with her children.

Key wordsὄρος oros a mountainἈραβία Arabia Arabiaσυστοιχέω systoicheo to stand or march in the same row

The verses right after 5:1 say what the yoke of slavery is. It is receiving circumcision and seeking "to be made righteous in the nomos (law)" (Galatians 5:2-4). The yoke Peter spoke of at the Jerusalem council was also the demand, "Unless you are circumcised, you cannot be saved" (Acts 15:1). And the same chapter defines what that freedom is.

VerseYLVNote
Galatians 5:2-4(2) Behold I, Paul, say to you that if you receive circumcision, Messiah(Christ) will be of no benefit to you. (3) And I testify again to every man who receives circumcision, that he is under obligation to keep the whole nomos(law). (4) You have been severed from Messiah(Christ), you who are seeking to be justified by nomos(law); you have fallen from charis(grace).νόμος nomos(law) · ἴδε ide(behold, see)
Acts 15:1Some men came down from Judea and began teaching the brothers, "Unless you are circumcised according to the custom of Moses, you cannot be saved."κατέρχομαι katerchomai(to come down, go down) · Ἰουδαία Ioudaia(Judaea)
Galatians 5:13-14 · YLV

(13) For you were called to freedom, brothers; only do not turn your freedom into an opportunity for sarx(flesh), but through agape(love) serve one another. (14) For the whole nomos(law) is fulfilled in one logos(word), in the statement, "You shall agape(love) your neighbor as yourself."

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawσάρξ sarx fleshἀγάπη agape love

Galatians 5:19-21 · YLV

(19) Now the deeds of sarx(flesh) are evident, which are: moicheia(adultery), sexual immorality, akatharsia(impurity, uncleanness), sensuality, (20) idolatry, pharmakeia(sorcery-drug-mixing), enmities, strife, jealousy, outbursts of anger, disputes, dissensions, factions, (21) envying, murders, drunkenness, carousing, and things like these, of which I forewarn you, just as I have forewarned you, that those who practice such things will not inherit the kingdom of God.

Key wordsφαρμακεία pharmakeia the use or the administering of drugsσάρξ sarx fleshαἵρεσις hairesis act of taking, capture

John says God's commandments are not a yoke, and Yeshua told us to take his yoke upon us.

1 John 5:3 · YLV

For this is the love of God — that we keep His commandments; and His commandments are not burdensome.

Key wordsἀγάπη agape loveἐντολή entole commandmentτηρέω tereo to keep

Matthew 11:29-30 · YLV

(29) Take My yoke upon you and learn from Me, for I am meek and lowly in kardia(heart, soul-domain), and you will find rest for your psyche(souls). (30) For My yoke is easy and My burden is light."

Key wordsκαρδία kardia heartψυχή psyche soulαἴρω airo to raise up, elevate, lift up

Here is the full text of the passage the claim cites.

VerseYLVNote
Galatians 5:1It was for freedom that Messiah(Christ) set us free; therefore keep standing firm and do not be subject again to a yoke of slavery.ἐλευθερία eleutheria(liberty, freedom) · ἐλευθερόω eleutheroo(to set free)

Claim 20"To go back to the law rather than love is to begin in the Spirit and finish in the flesh (Galatians 3:3)."

What Scripture says

What "the flesh" in Galatians 3:3 means is told by the verse just before it and by the end of the same letter. 3:2 asks, "Did you receive the Spirit by works of nomos (law)?", and 6:12-13 shows that this "flesh" is the wish to boast in circumcision.

VerseYLVNote
Galatians 3:3Are you so foolish? Having begun by the pneuma(spirit), are you now being perfected by sarx(flesh)?πνεῦμα pneuma(spirit) · σάρξ sarx(flesh)
Galatians 3:2-3 · YLV

(2) This is the only thing I want to find out from you: did you receive the pneuma(spirit) by the works of nomos(law), or by hearing with faith? (3) Are you so foolish? Having begun by the pneuma(spirit), are you now being perfected by sarx(flesh)?

Key wordsπνεῦμα pneuma spiritσάρξ sarx fleshνόμος nomos law

Galatians 6:12-13 · YLV

(12) Those who desire to make a good showing in sarx(flesh) try to compel you to be circumcised, simply so that they will not be persecuted for the cross of Messiah(Christ). (13) For those who are circumcised do not even keep the nomos(law) themselves, but they desire to have you circumcised so that they may boast in your sarx(flesh).

Key wordsσάρξ sarx fleshνόμος nomos lawθέλω thelo to will, have in mind, intend

And in Romans, "the flesh" is the side that does not submit to God's law. The law is spiritual, and the flesh is what stands against that law. In the Bible's own terms, the flesh is the side that abandons God's law, and the Spirit is the side that walks in it.

Romans 7:14 · YLV

For we know that the nomos(law) is spiritual, but I am sarx(flesh)ly, sold under sin.

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawπνευματικός pneumatikos relating to the human spiritσαρκικός sarkikos fleshly, carnal

Romans 8:7 · YLV

Because the phronema(mindset) of the sarx(flesh) is hostility toward God, for it does not submit to the nomos(law) of God — indeed it cannot —

Key wordsφρόνημα phronema mindsetσάρξ sarx fleshνόμος nomos law

Romans 8:4 · YLV

so that the dikaioma(ordinance) of the nomos(law) might be fulfilled in us who do not walk according to the sarx(flesh) but according to the pneuma(spirit).

Key wordsδικαίωμα dikaioma righteous act, ordinance carried outνόμος nomos lawσάρξ sarx flesh

4The Old Covenant and the New Covenant

Claim 21"Hebrews says the Old Testament (the first covenant) had a fault, so God gives a new covenant. The law is perfect, but because people cannot keep it, where there is law there is wrath."

What Scripture says

Whom God found fault with is written in the text of Hebrews 8 itself. Not the law, but "them," that is, the people who did not continue in the covenant.

Hebrews 8:7-9 · YLV

(7) For if that first diatheke(covenant) had been faultless, there would have been no occasion to look for a second. (8) For finding fault with them He says: "Behold, the days are coming, declares the Lord, when I will establish a new diatheke(covenant) with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah — (9) not like the diatheke(covenant) that I made with their fathers on the day when I took them by the hand to bring them out of the land of Egypt; for they did not continue in my diatheke(covenant), and so I paid no heed to them, declares the Lord.

Key wordsδιαθήκη diatheke covenantμέμφομαι memphomai to blame, find faultἡμέρα hemera day

And what God says he will write on the heart in the new covenant is not a different law but "my nomoi (laws)." In the original text of Jeremiah 31:33, which Hebrews quotes, the word is "torati (my Torah)."

VerseYLVNote
Jeremiah 31:33For this is the covenant (berit) that I will cut with the house of Israel after those days, declares YHWH: I will put My Torah within them, and on their heart I will write it; and I will be their God, and they shall be My people.כָּרַת karath(to cut, cut off, cut down) · בַּיִת bayith(house)
Hebrews 8:10 · YLV

For this is the diatheke(covenant) that I will make with the house of Israel after those days, declares the Lord: I will put my nomoi(laws) into their dianoia(thought), and write them on their kardiai(hearts, soul-domains), and I will be their God, and they shall be my people.

Key wordsδιαθήκη diatheke covenantδιάνοια dianoia mind, understandingκαρδία kardia heart

If the problem was on the people's side, the repair is on the people's side too. The content of the new covenant is not changing the law but changing people's hearts so that the law is within them. As for wrath, Romans 4:15 attaches the reason right after it.

VerseYLVNote
Romans 4:15for the nomos(law) produces orge(wrath) — but where there is no nomos(law), there is also no transgression.νόμος nomos(law) · ὀργή orge(anger, the natural disposition, temper)
Romans 4:15 · YLV

for the nomos(law) produces orge(wrath) — but where there is no nomos(law), there is also no transgression.

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawὀργή orge anger, the natural disposition, temperπαράβασις parabasis a going over

Romans 7:13 · YLV

Did then what is good become death to me? May it never be! Rather it was sin — so that sin might be shown to be sin, producing death in me through what is good — so that through the commandment sin might become utterly sinful.

Key wordsθάνατος thanatos deathἁμαρτία hamartia sinφαίνω phaino to bring forth into the light, cause to shine

Wrath comes not because there is law but because there is parabasis (transgression). The cause of death is not the law but sin.

Claim 22"Israel kept complaining all the way to Mount Sinai, yet there is no record of God being angry. Punishment came only after the law was given."

What Scripture says

Before Sinai there were already commandments and Torah, and there is a record of God rebuking the people for not keeping them. Sinai begins at Exodus 19.

Exodus 15:25-26 · YLV

(25) And he cried out to YHWH, and YHWH showed him a tree, and he cast it into the waters, and the waters were made sweet. There he set for him a statute (choq) and a judgment (mishpat), and there he tested him. (26) And he said, "If you will diligently listen to the voice of YHWH your God, and do what is right in his eyes, and give ear to his commandments (mitzvot), and keep all his statutes (chuqqim), all the disease which I put on Egypt I will not put on you; for I am YHWH your healer."

Key wordsשָׁמַע shama to hearעֵץ ets tree, wood, timber, stock, plank, stalkשׂוּם sum to put, place, set, appoint, make

Exodus 16:4 · YLV

And YHWH said to Moses: "Behold, I am raining for you bread from the heavens; and the people shall go out and gather a day's portion in its day, that I may test them, whether they will walk in My Torah, or not.

Key wordsמָטַר matar to rainלֶחֶם lechem bread, food, grain

Exodus 16:28 · YLV

And YHWH said to Moses: "How long do you refuse to keep My commandments (mitzvah) and My Torah?

Key wordsמָאֵן maen have you refused

The golden calf was the people making another god and bowing to it forty days after they had accepted the covenant with their own mouths (Exodus 24:7). The judgment of forty years in the wilderness was for unbelief, and Paul says those things "were written for our instruction."

VerseYLVNote
Exodus 24:7And he took the book of the covenant (berit), and read in the ears of the people; and they said, "All that YHWH has spoken we will do, and we will hear."סֵפֶר sepher(book)
Numbers 14:22-23 · YLV

(22) for all the men (ish) who saw my glory and my signs (ot), which I did in Egypt and in the wilderness, and have tested me these ten times, and have not listened to my voice, (23) surely they shall not see the land which I swore to their fathers; and all who despised me shall not see it.

Key wordsשָׁבַע shaba to swear, adjureפַּעַם paam stroke, beat, foot, step, anvil, occurrenceשָׁמַע shama to hear

Hebrews 3:18-19 · YLV

(18) And to whom did He swear that they would not enter His rest, but to those who were disobedient? (19) So we see that they were not able to enter because of unbelief.

Key wordsβλέπω blepo to see, discern, of the bodily eyeὀμνύω omnyo to swearεἰσέρχομαι eiserchomai to go out or come in

1 Corinthians 10:11 · YLV

Now these things happened to them as examples, and were written for our instruction, upon whom the ends of the ages have come.

Key wordsτύπος typos type, patternσυμβαίνω symbaino to walk with the feet near togetherγράφω grapho to write

Claim 23"The Ten Commandments are good, but the moment they are set before people, punishment comes if they fail to keep them. A mirror shows the specks on a face, but you cannot wash your face with the mirror."

What Scripture says

James used the mirror picture first, and James's conclusion runs the opposite way.

James 1:23-25 · YLV

(23) For if anyone is a hearer of the logos(word) and not a doer, he is like a man who looks at his natural face in a mirror — (24) for he looks at himself and goes away and at once forgets what he was like. (25) But the one who looks into the perfect nomos(law) of freedom and perseveres — not being a hearer who forgets but a doer who acts — this one will be blessed in his doing.

Key wordsλόγος logos wordνόμος nomos lawκατανοέω katanoeo to perceive, remark, observe, understand

For James, the mirror pictures "the one who only hears the word," and the answer is not to throw the mirror away but "to look into the perfect law of freedom and remain in it and do it." The Psalms say the Torah does not merely reflect the face but turns back the soul and keeps from sin.

Psalm 19:7 (Masoretic 19:8) · YLV

The Torah of YHWH is perfect, restoring the soul (nephesh); the testimony (edut) of YHWH is sure, making wise the simple.

Key wordsתּוֹרָה torah Torah, instructionנֶפֶשׁ nephesh soulעֵדוּת eduth testimony

Psalm 119:11 · YLV

In my heart I have stored up your saying, so that I may not sin against you.

Key wordsצָפַן tsaphan to hide, treasure, treasure or store upחָטָא chata to sin, miss, miss the way, go wrong

"Punishment comes if you fail to keep them" remains just as true in the new covenant.

Hebrews 10:29 · YLV

How much worse punishment, do you think, will be deserved by the one who has trampled underfoot the Son of God, and has regarded the blood of the diatheke(covenant) by which he was sanctified as koinos(common, worldly), and has insulted the pneuma(spirit) of charis(grace)?

Key wordsδιαθήκη diatheke covenantπνεῦμα pneuma spiritδοκέω dokeo to be of opinion, think, suppose

Hebrews 12:25 · YLV

See that you do not refuse Him who is speaking, for if those who refused the one who warned them on earth did not escape, much less shall we escape if we reject the One who warns from heaven.

Key wordsβλέπω blepo to see, discern, of the bodily eyeπαραιτέομαι paraiteomai to refuse, beg offλαλέω laleo to speak

Claim 24"The Ten Commandments are a two-sided contract. Keep them, blessing; fail, curse. The subject of every commandment is 'you.' The new covenant, by contrast, is a one-sided contract in which God says, 'I will do it for you.'"

What Scripture says

The first subject in the Ten Commandments is not "you" but "I." They begin with words declaring what God has already done.

Exodus 20:2 · YLV

I am YHWH your God, who brought you out from the land of Egypt, from the house of servants.

Key wordsעֶבֶד ebed servant

Exodus 19:4-5 · YLV

(4) You yourselves have seen what I did to the Egyptians, and how I bore you on wings of eagles and brought you to Myself. (5) And now, if you will indeed hearken to My voice and keep My covenant (berit), then you shall be to Me a treasured possession from among all the peoples; for all the earth is Mine.

Key wordsשָׁמַע shama to hearכָּנָף kanaph wing, extremity, edge, winged, border, cornerנֶשֶׁר nesher eagle, vulture, griffon-vulture

Deuteronomy 7:7-8 · YLV

(7) Not because you were more than all the peoples did YHWH set His love upon you and choose you — for you were the fewest of all the peoples — (8) but because of YHWH's love for you, and because He kept the oath which He swore to your fathers, YHWH brought you out with a strong hand, and redeemed you from the house of slaves, from the hand of Pharaoh king of Egypt.

Key wordsחָשַׁק chashaq he lovedשָׁבַע shaba to swear, adjureעֶבֶד ebed servant

The old covenant too was not a contract to "keep and be saved" but a way given to a people already redeemed. And what is it that God says "I will do" in the new covenant? "I will write my law on their hearts." The content of the work God does one-sidedly is putting his law inside people.

Ezekiel 36:27 · YLV

And my spirit (ruach) I will put within you, and I will cause you to walk in my statutes (chuqqim), and you shall keep my judgments (mishpat) and do them.

Key wordsשָׁמַר shamar to keep

Chukkim and mishpatim are the words the Torah uses when it names its own commandments (Deuteronomy 4:5, 8; 6:1). This "one-sided promise" does not first appear in the new covenant; it is already in the Torah.

VerseYLVNote
Deuteronomy 4:5See, I have taught you statutes (chuqqim) and judgments (mishpat), as YHWH my God commanded (tzivvah) me, to do so in the midst of the land to which you are going in to possess it.לָמַד lamad(to learn) · חֹק choq(statute)
Deuteronomy 6:1And this is the commandment (mitzvah), the statutes (chuqqim) and the judgments (mishpat), which YHWH your God commanded (tzivvah) to teach you, to do in the land where you are crossing over to possess it,עָבַר abar(to pass over or by or through, alienate)
Deuteronomy 30:6 · YLV

And YHWH your God will circumcise your heart, and the heart of your seed, to love YHWH your God with all your heart, and with all your soul (nephesh), for the sake of your life (chai).

Key wordsלֵבָב lebab heart

The claim that the new covenant has no conditions also differs from the text. The very letter that speaks of the blood of the new covenant says this.

Hebrews 10:29 · YLV

How much worse punishment, do you think, will be deserved by the one who has trampled underfoot the Son of God, and has regarded the blood of the diatheke(covenant) by which he was sanctified as koinos(common, worldly), and has insulted the pneuma(spirit) of charis(grace)?

Key wordsδιαθήκη diatheke covenantπνεῦμα pneuma spiritδοκέω dokeo to be of opinion, think, suppose

Hebrews 5:9 · YLV

and being made perfect, He became the source of eternal Salvation to all who obey Him,

Key wordsτελειόω teleioo to make perfect, completeὑπακούω hypakouo to listen, to harkenσωτηρία soteria salvation

Claim 25"The new covenant is 'I will buy you a house, so live at ease,' while the Old Testament is 'I will help only with the down payment; pay the rest by your own strength, and if you cannot, it will be taken away.'"

What Scripture says

In the Torah, the house God gave Israel was not a down payment but a house already built.

Deuteronomy 6:10-12 · YLV

(10) And it shall be, when YHWH your God brings you into the land which He swore to your fathers, to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob, to give to you — great and good cities which you did not build, (11) and houses full of all good things which you did not fill, and hewn cisterns which you did not hew, vineyards and olive trees which you did not plant — and you shall eat and be satisfied — (12) beware for yourself, lest you forget YHWH, who brought you out from the land of Egypt, from the house of slaves.

Key wordsשָׁמַר shamar to keepטוּב tub goods, good things, goodnessשָׁכַח shakach to forget, ignore, wither

Giving the house freely is the same in the old covenant. Instead of "live at ease" in that house, the word God attached was "Do not forget me," and he goes right on to say what forgetting means.

Deuteronomy 8:11 · YLV

Beware lest you forget YHWH your God, in not keeping His commandments (mitzvah) and His judgments (mishpat) and His statutes (chuqqot), which I am commanding you (tzivvah) this day;

Key wordsשָׁמַר shamar to keepשָׁכַח shakach to forget, ignore, wither

Claim 26"Would God put a law that is growing old and fading (Hebrews 8:13) back into the heart? Never. The Hebrew word may be the same, but the meaning is not."

What Scripture says

"The word is the same but the meaning is not" is not the text but an interpretation. The word in Jeremiah 31:33 is "torati (my Torah)," and throughout the book of Jeremiah this word refers to the Torah of Sinai. Ezekiel 36:27 uses chukkim and mishpatim, the very words the Torah uses to name its own commandments. Hebrews 8:10 quotes Jeremiah without adding a single word that the meaning has changed.

VerseYLVNote
Jeremiah 31:33For this is the covenant (berit) that I will cut with the house of Israel after those days, declares YHWH: I will put My Torah within them, and on their heart I will write it; and I will be their God, and they shall be My people.כָּרַת karath(to cut, cut off, cut down) · בַּיִת bayith(house)
Ezekiel 36:27And my spirit (ruach) I will put within you, and I will cause you to walk in my statutes (chuqqim), and you shall keep my judgments (mishpat) and do them.שָׁמַר shamar(to keep)
Hebrews 8:10For this is the diatheke(covenant) that I will make with the house of Israel after those days, declares the Lord: I will put my nomoi(laws) into their dianoia(thought), and write them on their kardiai(hearts, soul-domains), and I will be their God, and they shall be my people.διαθήκη diatheke(covenant) · διάνοια dianoia(mind, understanding)
Jeremiah 31:33 · YLV

For this is the covenant (berit) that I will cut with the house of Israel after those days, declares YHWH: I will put My Torah within them, and on their heart I will write it; and I will be their God, and they shall be My people.

Key wordsכָּרַת karath to cut, cut off, cut downבַּיִת bayith houseנְאֻם neum [the] utterance of

To read the same word with a different meaning, the Bible must say so somewhere. If there is no such verse, it becomes adding to the word.

Deuteronomy 4:2 · YLV

You shall not add to the word which I am commanding (tzivvah) you, and you shall not take away from it, to keep the commandments (mitzvah) of YHWH your God which I am commanding (tzivvah) you.

Key wordsיָסַף yasaph to add, increase, do againגָּרַע gara to diminish, restrain, withdraw, abateמִצוָה mitsvah commandment

What "the first, growing old" in Hebrews 8:13 is, the very next verse tells us.

VerseYLVNote
Hebrews 8:13In speaking of a new diatheke(covenant), He makes the first one obsolete; and what is obsolete and growing old is ready to vanish away.παλαιόω palaioo(to make ancient or old) · γηράσκω gerasko(to grow old)
Hebrews 9:1 · YLV

Now even the first diatheke(covenant) had regulations for worship and an earthly holy place.

Key wordsδικαίωμα dikaioma righteous act, ordinance carried outλατρεία latreia service rendered for hireπρῶτος protos first in time or place

What grows old is "the regulations of worship and the earthly sanctuary," that is, the sacrifices, the sanctuary, and the priesthood (Hebrews 7:12, 9:11, 10:9). The "my laws" written on the heart are not on the side that grows old; they are the content of the new covenant.

VerseYLVNote
Hebrews 7:12For when there is a change in the priesthood, there is necessarily a change in the nomos(law) as well.νόμος nomos(law) · μετατίθημι metatithemi(to change, pervert)
Hebrews 9:11But when Messiah(Christ) appeared as high priest of the good things that have come, through the greater and more perfect tent not made with hands — that is, not of this creation —παραγίνομαι paraginomai(to be present, to come near, approach) · ἀρχιερεύς archiereus(chief priest)
Hebrews 10:9then He added, "Behold, I have come to do your thelema(will)"; He does away with the first in order to establish the second.ἔρω ereo(to utter, speak, say) · ἥκω heko(to have come, have arrived, be present)

Claim 27"What the Spirit engraves on the heart is the love in which the Son of God died in my place. That is the law of love, not the Ten Commandments. Love is God's true law."

What Scripture says

That God's love is poured into our hearts is the word of Romans 5:5, and it is also right that his love comes first (1 John 4:19). But the sentence "the law of love, not the Ten Commandments" splits love and commandment in two. The Bible does not split them; it defines what love is by the commandments.

VerseYLVNote
1 John 4:19We love because He first loved us.ἀγαπάω agapao(to love) · πρῶτος protos(first in time or place)
Romans 5:5and elpis(hope) does not put to shame, because the agape(love) of God has been poured out in our kardia(heart, soul-domain)s through the hagio(holy) pneuma(spirit) who was given to us.ἐλπίς elpis(expectation of evil, fear) · ἀγάπη agape(love)
1 John 5:2-3 · YLV

(2) By this we know that we love the children of God, when we love God and keep His commandments. (3) For this is the love of God — that we keep His commandments; and His commandments are not burdensome.

Key wordsγινώσκω ginosko to knowἀγαπάω agapao to loveἀγάπη agape love

2 John 1:6 · YLV

And this is love: that we walk according to His commandments; this is the commandment, just as you have heard from the beginning, so that you walk in it.

Key wordsπεριπατέω peripateo to walk, conduct oneselfἀγάπη agape loveἐντολή entole commandment

John 14:15 · YLV

If you agapao(love) Me, you will keep My commandments.

Key wordsἀγαπάω agapao to loveἐντολή entole commandmentτηρέω tereo to keep

The two great commandments, "Love God" and "Love your neighbor," were not newly made by Yeshua; they are the text of the Torah (Deuteronomy 6:5; Leviticus 19:18). Yeshua said that on these two commandments "all the nomos (law) and the prophets hang."

VerseYLVNote
Deuteronomy 6:5And you shall love YHWH your God with all your heart and with all your soul (nephesh) and with all your might.אָהַב ahab(to love)
Leviticus 19:18You shall not avenge, and you shall not bear a grudge against the sons of your people, and you shall love your neighbor as yourself; I am YHWH.נָקַם naqam(to avenge, take vengeance, revenge) · נָטַר natar(to keep, keep guard, reserve, maintain)
Matthew 22:37-40 · YLV

(37) And He said to him: "'You shall love the Lord your God with all your kardia(heart, soul-domain) and with all your psyche(soul) and with all your nous(intellect, spiritual domain).' (38) This is the great and foremost commandment. (39) The second is like it: 'You shall love your neighbor as yourself.' (40) On these two commandments depend the whole nomos(law) and the Prophets."

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawκαρδία kardia heartψυχή psyche soul

The law of love and the Ten Commandments are not two laws but one law, the one hanging on the other. The Ten Commandments themselves begin with a declaration of love: "I am YHWH your God, who brought you out of the house of slaves" (Exodus 20:2).

VerseYLVNote
Exodus 20:2I am YHWH your God, who brought you out from the land of Egypt, from the house of servants.עֶבֶד ebed(servant)

Claim 28"The Spirit is the law of life. God no longer deals with his children by the law of death and curse."

What Scripture says

"The law of the Spirit of life" is the word of Romans 8:2. Look at what that verse says we were set free from: not "the law of God" but "the law of sin and death." And two verses later it states the purpose of that freedom.

VerseYLVNote
Romans 8:2For the nomos(law) of the pneuma(spirit) of zoe(life) in Messiah(Christ) Yeshua(Jesus) has set me free from the nomos(law) of sin and of death.νόμος nomos(law) · πνεῦμα pneuma(spirit)
Romans 8:2 · YLV

For the nomos(law) of the pneuma(spirit) of zoe(life) in Messiah(Christ) Yeshua(Jesus) has set me free from the nomos(law) of sin and of death.

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawπνεῦμα pneuma spiritζωή zoe life

Romans 8:4 · YLV

so that the dikaioma(ordinance) of the nomos(law) might be fulfilled in us who do not walk according to the sarx(flesh) but according to the pneuma(spirit).

Key wordsδικαίωμα dikaioma righteous act, ordinance carried outνόμος nomos lawσάρξ sarx flesh

What the Messiah redeemed us from is also "the curse of the nomos (law)," not the law (Galatians 3:13). God's law was not a curse. The curse was pronounced on whoever does not remain in the law (Deuteronomy 27:26), and it is from that sentence that we were released.

VerseYLVNote
Galatians 3:13Messiah(Christ) redeemed us from the curse of the nomos(law), having become a curse for us — for it is written, "Cursed is everyone who hangs on a tree" —νόμος nomos(law) · ἐξαγοράζω exagorazo(to buy out, redeem)
Deuteronomy 27:26Cursed is he who does not establish the words of this Torah to do them. And all the people shall say, "Amen."אָרַר arar(to curse) · קוּם qum(to stand, establish)

Claim 29"Love is the higher law. Love is the fulfillment of the law (Romans 13:10), and whoever loves another has fulfilled the law (13:8). So the law has ended."

What Scripture says

Reading all of Romans 13:8-10 shows what Paul does with love.

VerseYLVNote
Romans 13:8-10(8) Owe nothing to anyone except to agapao(love) one another, for the one who agapao(loves) the other has fulfilled the nomos(law). (9) For the commandments — "You shall not commit adultery, You shall not murder, You shall not steal, You shall not covet" — and if there is any other commandment, are summed up in this logos(word): "You shall love your neighbor as yourself." (10) Agape(Love) works no evil to a neighbor; therefore agape(love) is the pleroma(fulfillment) of the nomos(law).ἀγάπη agape(love) · πλήρωμα pleroma(that which is)
Romans 13:8-10 · YLV

(8) Owe nothing to anyone except to agapao(love) one another, for the one who agapao(loves) the other has fulfilled the nomos(law). (9) For the commandments — "You shall not commit adultery, You shall not murder, You shall not steal, You shall not covet" — and if there is any other commandment, are summed up in this logos(word): "You shall love your neighbor as yourself." (10) Agape(Love) works no evil to a neighbor; therefore agape(love) is the pleroma(fulfillment) of the nomos(law).

Key wordsἀγάπη agape loveπλήρωμα pleroma that which isνόμος nomos law

Paul quotes "Do not commit adultery, do not murder, do not steal, do not covet" as they stand, and says these commandments are "anakephalaiomai (gathered into one)" in love. They are gathered, not abolished. The one who loves his neighbor has fulfilled the law because he does not commit adultery, does not murder, and does not steal. Love is not a law that replaces the commandments but the power that makes us do them. The phrase "higher law" is not in the Bible. The Bible's expressions are "hang" (Matthew 22:40) and "gathered into one" (Romans 13:9).

VerseYLVNote
Matthew 22:40On these two commandments depend the whole nomos(law) and the Prophets."νόμος nomos(law) · ἐντολή entole(commandment)
James 2:8 · YLV

If you truly fulfill the royal nomos(law) according to the graphe(written-scripture), "You shall love your neighbor as yourself," you are doing well.

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawγραφή graphe Scripture, what is writtenτελέω teleo to carry out, fulfill

Galatians 5:14 · YLV

For the whole nomos(law) is fulfilled in one logos(word), in the statement, "You shall agape(love) your neighbor as yourself."

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawλόγος logos wordπληρόω pleroo to fill full, fulfill

1 Corinthians 7:19 · YLV

Circumcision is nothing and uncircumcision is nothing, but keeping the commandments of God is everything.

Key wordsπεριτομή peritome circumcisionἀκροβυστία akrobystia having the foreskin, uncircumcisedτήρησις teresis keeping

Claim 30"Jesus kept everything we cannot keep, and that has become the believer's. So all we need to do is receive."

What Scripture says

The Bible says that Yeshua kept all his Father's commandments. But the Bible says he kept them not so that we would not have to, but to leave us an example to walk in.

John 15:10 · YLV

If you keep My commandments, you will abide in My agape(love); just as I have kept My Father's commandments and abide in His agape(love).

Key wordsἀγάπη agape loveἐντολή entole commandmentτηρέω tereo to keep

1 Peter 2:21 · YLV

For to this you have been called, because Messiah(Christ) also suffered for you, leaving you an example, so that you might follow in His steps —

Key wordsκαλέω kaleo to callπάσχω pascho to be affected or have been affected, to feelὑπολιμπάνω hypolimpano to leave, leave behind

1 John 2:6 · YLV

Whoever says he abides in Him ought to walk in the same way in which He walked.

Key wordsπεριπατέω peripateo to walk, conduct oneselfμένω meno to remain, abideὀφείλω opheilo to owe, ought

Being conformed to the image of Christ (Romans 8:29) is walking as he walked, and he came not to abolish the Torah but to fulfill it (Matthew 5:17). To the words "Christ accomplished it all, and we follow with all our strength in the love we have received," we say amen. It is only that he has set the path we follow.

VerseYLVNote
Romans 8:29Because those whom He foreknew He also predestined to be conformed to the image of His Son, so that He might be the firstborn among many brothers.πρωτοτόκος prototokos(the firstborn) · προγινώσκω proginosko(to have knowledge before hand)
Matthew 5:17Do not think that I came to abolish the nomos(law) or the prophets — I did not come to abolish but to fulfill.νόμος nomos(law) · νομίζω nomizo(to hold by custom or usage)
Ephesians 2:10 · YLV

For we are His workmanship, created in Messiah(Christ) Yeshua(Jesus) for good works, which God prepared beforehand so that we would walk in them.

Key wordsποίημα poiema workmanshipπεριπατέω peripateo to walk, conduct oneselfκτίζω ktizo to make habitable, to people, a place, region

5Can the Commandments Be Kept?

Claim 31"To receive everything by grace and then try to go back to the Torah is pride. When people say they are doing something, they fall into conceit and condemn those who cannot."

What Scripture says

The Torah defines pride the other way around. Not keeping the commandments is the heart lifting itself up, and the one who departs from the commandments is the proud one.

Deuteronomy 8:11 · YLV

Beware lest you forget YHWH your God, in not keeping His commandments (mitzvah) and His judgments (mishpat) and His statutes (chuqqot), which I am commanding you (tzivvah) this day;

Key wordsשָׁמַר shamar to keepשָׁכַח shakach to forget, ignore, wither

Psalm 119:21 · YLV

You have rebuked the insolent, the cursed, who stray from your commandments (mitzvot).

Key wordsגָּעַר gaar you rebukeאָרַר arar to curseזֵד zed arrogant, proud, insolent, presumptuous

Yeshua set out what those who have kept all the commandments are to say.

Luke 17:10 · YLV

So you too, when you do all the things which are commanded you, say, 'We are unworthy servants; we have done only that which we ought to have done.'"

Key wordsἀχρεῖος achreios useless, good for nothingδιατάσσω diatasso to arrange, appoint, ordain, prescribeδοῦλος doulos slave

If keeping the commandments is the work of God's Spirit (Ezekiel 36:27), there is nothing in it to boast about. Yeshua, Paul, and the tens of thousands of believers in Jerusalem kept the Torah (John 15:10; Acts 21:20, 24). No one can say they were proud. The word not to condemn (Matthew 7:5; Galatians 6:1) and the word to keep the commandments stand together in the same Bible, and it does not tell us to throw away either one.

VerseYLVNote
Ezekiel 36:27And my spirit (ruach) I will put within you, and I will cause you to walk in my statutes (chuqqim), and you shall keep my judgments (mishpat) and do them.שָׁמַר shamar(to keep)
John 15:10If you keep My commandments, you will abide in My agape(love); just as I have kept My Father's commandments and abide in His agape(love).ἀγάπη agape(love) · ἐντολή entole(commandment)
Acts 21:20And when they heard it they began glorifying God; and they said to him, "You see, brother, how many thousands there are among the Jews of those who have believed, and they are all zealous for the nomos(law);νόμος nomos(law) · ἀκούω akouo(to hear)
Matthew 7:5Hypocrite! First remove the beam from your own eye, and then you will see clearly to remove the speck from your brother's eye.ὑποκριτής hypokrites(one who answers, an interpreter) · ἐκβάλλω ekballo(to cast out, drive out, to send out)
Galatians 6:1Brothers, even if anyone is caught in any trespass, you who are pneumatikoi(spiritual) restore such a one in a pneuma(spirit) of gentleness; each one looking to yourself, so that you too will not be tempted.πνεῦμα pneuma(spirit) · ἀδελφός adelphos(a brother)

Claim 32"I once collapsed, trapped in perfectionism and self-condemnation while trying to keep the commandments. The gospel set me free. So I know that telling people to go back to the Torah is dangerous."

What Scripture says

The experience of being crushed under standards people have made is real, and it is also true that the gospel rescues from it. But whether what crushed was God's commandment must be looked at again by the Bible. John says his commandments are not heavy, Yeshua said his yoke is easy, and the Psalm says those who love the Torah have great peace and nothing makes them stumble.

1 John 5:3 · YLV

For this is the love of God — that we keep His commandments; and His commandments are not burdensome.

Key wordsἀγάπη agape loveἐντολή entole commandmentτηρέω tereo to keep

Matthew 11:28-30 · YLV

(28) Come to Me, all who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest. (29) Take My yoke upon you and learn from Me, for I am meek and lowly in kardia(heart, soul-domain), and you will find rest for your psyche(souls). (30) For My yoke is easy and My burden is light."

Key wordsκαρδία kardia heartψυχή psyche soulδεῦτε deute come hither, come here, come

Psalm 119:165 · YLV

Great peace have those who love your Torah, and there is no stumbling-block for them.

Key wordsשָׁלוֹם shalom completeness, soundness, welfare, peaceמִכשׁוֹל mikshol a stumbling, means or occasion of stumblingרַב rab much, many, great

Yeshua said that the burdens that weigh people down are something else.

Matthew 23:4 · YLV

They tie up heavy burdens and lay them on men's shoulders, but they themselves are unwilling to move them with so much as a finger.

Key wordsδεσμεύω desmeuo to put in chainsφορτίον phortion burdenἐπιτίθημι epitithemi in the active voice

The burden to lay down is the burden of perfectionism that people have made. God's Torah is not that burden.

Claim 33"Anyone who thinks we can keep the commandments Jesus gave is ignorant or foolish. The commandments of the New Testament are harder than those of the Old. He said that if your eye makes you sin, tear it out."

What Scripture says

This claim collides with many testimonies of the Bible. Yeshua called the one who hears his words and "does" them a man who built his house on the rock, John said his commandments are not heavy, and Luke recorded people who walked blameless in all the commandments of the Lord.

Matthew 7:24 · YLV

Therefore everyone who hears these logos(words) of Mine and acts on them will be like a wise man who built his house on the rock.

Key wordsἀκούω akouo to hearλόγος logos wordὁμοιόω homoioo to be made like

1 John 5:3-4 · YLV

(3) For this is the love of God — that we keep His commandments; and His commandments are not burdensome. (4) For everyone who has been born of God overcomes the world; and this is the victory that has overcome the world — our faith.

Key wordsγεννάω gennao to beget, be bornἀγάπη agape loveνικάω nikao to overcome

Luke 1:6 · YLV

They were both righteous before God, walking blamelessly in all the commandments and dikaioma(ordinances) of the Lord.

Key wordsδικαίωμα dikaioma righteous act, ordinance carried outπορεύομαι poreuomai to lead over, carry over, transferἐντολή entole commandment

Paul told the church in Corinth, "Some of you were such. But you were washed." There were people who actually turned from sexual immorality, idolatry, and theft.

1 Corinthians 6:9-11 · YLV

(9) Or do you not know that the unrighteous will not inherit the kingdom of God? Do not be deceived: neither the sexually immoral, nor idolaters, nor adulterers, nor the soft ones, nor males who lie with males, (10) nor thieves, nor the greedy, nor drunkards, nor revilers, nor swindlers will inherit the kingdom of God. (11) And some of you were these things; but you were washed, but you were made hagio(holy), but you were justified in the name of the Lord Yeshua(Jesus) and in the pneuma(spirit) of our God.

Key wordsβασιλεία basileia kingdom, the king's ruleπνεῦμα pneuma spiritπλεονέκτης pleonektes greedy person

The context of the word about tearing out the eye is the lust of Matthew 5:28. It means not to treat sin lightly but to cut it off as one would cut off a limb, and that commandment is the seventh of the Ten Commandments extended into the heart.

VerseYLVNote
Matthew 5:28But I say to you that everyone who looks at a woman to epithymesai(lust after) her has already committed adultery with her in his kardia(heart, soul-domain).καρδία kardia(heart) · βλέπω blepo(to see, discern, of the bodily eye)
Matthew 5:28-30 · YLV

(28) But I say to you that everyone who looks at a woman to epithymesai(lust after) her has already committed adultery with her in his kardia(heart, soul-domain). (29) And if your right eye skandalizo(causes-you-to-stumble), tear it out and throw it from you, for it is better for you that one of your members perish than for your whole body to be thrown into Gehenna(valley of Hinnom, place of fiery judgment). (30) And if your right hand skandalizo(causes-you-to-stumble), cut it off and throw it from you, for it is better for you that one of your members perish than for your whole body to go into Gehenna(valley of Hinnom, place of fiery judgment).

Key wordsκαρδία kardia heartὀφθαλμός ophthalmos the eyeχείρ cheir hand

And this claim contains a contradiction. If the commandments of the New Testament are harder than the Old and we follow them by grace, why can the same grace not bear the easier commandments of the Torah? The saying "returning to the Torah is a burden" and the saying "the New Testament commandments are heavier" can hardly stand together.

Claim 34"The commandments were not given because we have the strength to keep them. God will act first, and then we are to do so."

What Scripture says

It is true that God works within us. But Scripture connects that not to "Do it then, when that happens," but to "Therefore act now."

Philippians 2:12-13 · YLV

(12) So then, my beloved, just as you have always obeyed, not as in my presence only, but now much more in my absence, work out your own Salvation with fear and trembling; (13) for it is God who is at work in you, both to will and to work for His good pleasure.

Key wordsὑπακούω hypakouo to listen, to harkenἐνεργέω energeo to be operative, be at work, put forth powerπαρουσία parousia presence

2 Peter 1:3 · YLV

His divine dynamis(power) has granted to us all things pertaining to zoe(life) and eusebeia(godliness) through the epignosis(spiritual, complete knowledge) of Him who called us by His own doxa(glory) and excellence,

Key wordsδύναμις dynamis powerζωή zoe lifeἐπίγνωσις epignosis full knowledge

Deuteronomy 30:11 · YLV

For this commandment (mitzvah) which I am commanding you (tzivvah) this day, it is not too wonderful for you, nor is it far off.

Key wordsפָּלָא pala to be too hard, wonderfulרָחוֹק rachoq far

Of the golden rule in Matthew 7:12, Yeshua said, "This is the nomos (law) and the prophets." If Yeshua's commandments and the Torah were different things, he could not have said this. The order of Scripture is that we can act because God works within us, not that we need not act because God is working.

VerseYLVNote
Matthew 7:12Therefore all things whatever you want people to do to you, do also to them — for this is the nomos(law) and the prophets.νόμος nomos(law) · θέλω thelo(to will, have in mind, intend)
Matthew 7:12 · YLV

Therefore all things whatever you want people to do to you, do also to them — for this is the nomos(law) and the prophets.

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawθέλω thelo to will, have in mind, intendἄνθρωπος anthropos a human being

6Matthew 7:23, Daniel, and other claims

Claim 35"Matthew 7:23, 'Depart from me, you who practice lawlessness,' continues the story of false prophets that begins at verse 15. Lawlessness means misusing spiritual gifts without love."

What Scripture says

It is true that verse 15 begins with false prophets. But from verse 21 Yeshua widens the scope: "everyone (all) who says to me, Lord, Lord," and verses 24 and 26 say "everyone who hears these words of mine and does them" and "everyone who does not do them."

Matthew 7:21 · YLV

Not everyone who says to Me, 'Lord, Lord,' will enter the kingdom of the heavens, but the one who does the thelema(will) of My Father who is in the heavens.

Key wordsβασιλεία basileia kingdom, the king's ruleεἰσέρχομαι eiserchomai to go out or come inοὐρανός ouranos heaven, sky

Matthew 7:22-23 · YLV

(22) Many will say to Me on that day: 'Lord, Lord, did we not prophesy in Your name, and in Your name cast out demon(individual evil spirits to be expelled)s, and in Your name perform many dynamis(miracles, power)?' (23) And then I will declare to them: 'I never knew you — depart from Me, you who work the anomia(Torah-lessness).'

Key wordsἀνομία anomia lawlessness, Torah-lessnessδύναμις dynamis powerἔρω ereo to utter, speak, say

Matthew 7:24 · YLV

Therefore everyone who hears these logos(words) of Mine and acts on them will be like a wise man who built his house on the rock.

Key wordsἀκούω akouo to hearλόγος logos wordὁμοιόω homoioo to be made like

We agree with 1 Corinthians 13:1-3, that gifts without love are empty. But the word Yeshua chose is not "lack of love" but "anomia," and John has fixed the meaning of this word. It becomes even clearer when we look at another place where Yeshua used the same word.

VerseYLVNote
1 Corinthians 13:1-3(1) If I speak with the tongues of men and of angels, but do not have agape(love), I have become a noisy gong or a clanging cymbal. (2) If I have the gift of prophecy and know all mysteries and all gnosis(knowledge), and if I have all faith so as to remove mountains, but do not have agape(love), I am nothing. (3) And if I give all my possessions to feed the poor, and if I surrender my body to be burned, but do not have agape(love), it profits me nothing.ἀγάπη agape(love) · γνῶσις gnosis(knowledge signifies in general intelligence)
1 John 3:4 · YLV

Everyone who practices sin also practices anomia(Torah-lessness); sin is anomia(Torah-lessness).

Key wordsἀνομία anomia lawlessness, Torah-lessnessἁμαρτία hamartia sin

Matthew 23:28 · YLV

So you too outwardly appear righteous to people, but inwardly you are full of hypocrisy and anomia(Torah-lessness).

Key wordsἀνομία anomia lawlessness, Torah-lessnessφαίνω phaino to bring forth into the light, cause to shineἄνθρωπος anthropos a human being

Matthew 24:12 · YLV

Because anomia(Torah-lessness) is multiplied, most people's love will grow cold.

Key wordsἀνομία anomia lawlessness, Torah-lessnessἀγάπη agape loveπληθύνω plethyno to increase, to multiply

Matthew 13:41 · YLV

The Son of Man will send forth His angels, and they will gather out of His kingdom all skandalon(stumbling-blocks) and those who work anomia(Torah-lessness),

Key wordsβασιλεία basileia kingdom, the king's ruleἀνομία anomia lawlessness, Torah-lessnessἀποστέλλω apostello to order

Matthew 24:12 says that when anomia increases, love grows cold. Anomia and love are not on the same side; they are on opposite sides. Because love is a commandment (1 John 5:3), lack of love also falls under anomia, but narrowing the definition of anomia to "gifts straying from their purpose" is not in the text.

VerseYLVNote
1 John 5:3For this is the love of God — that we keep His commandments; and His commandments are not burdensome.ἀγάπη agape(love) · ἐντολή entole(commandment)

Claim 36"Daniel lived a holy life under the law and was greatly used. But even John the Baptist is less than the least in the kingdom of heaven (Matthew 11:11). The Old Testament saints are servants, and we are sons."

What Scripture says

Matthew 11:11 is not a word that places the prophets outside the kingdom. Yeshua himself says so.

VerseYLVNote
Matthew 11:11Truly I say to you, among those born of women there has not arisen anyone greater than John the Baptist — yet the one who is least in the kingdom of the heavens is greater than he.βασιλεία basileia(kingdom, the king's rule) · ἐγείρω egeiro(to raise)
Luke 13:28 · YLV

There will be weeping and gnashing of teeth in that place when you see Abraham and Isaac and Jacob and all the prophets in the kingdom of God, but yourselves thrown out.

Key wordsβασιλεία basileia kingdom, the king's ruleκλαυθμός klauthmos weeping, lamentationβρυγμός brygmos a gnashing of teeth

Matthew 8:11 · YLV

And I say to you that many will come from east and west and will recline at table with Abraham and Isaac and Jacob in the kingdom of the heavens,

Key wordsβασιλεία basileia kingdom, the king's ruleἀνατολή anatole a risingδυσμή dysme the setting of the sun

The distinction "Daniel under the law, we by faith" is also not in Scripture. Hebrews says that shutting the mouths of lions was done "by faith," Paul says that Abraham and David were declared righteous by the same way as we are, and he says that the gospel was preached to Abraham beforehand.

Hebrews 11:33 · YLV

who through faith conquered kingdoms, worked dikaiosyne(righteousness), obtained promises, stopped the mouths of lions,

Key wordsβασιλεία basileia kingdom, the king's ruleδικαιοσύνη dikaiosyne righteousnessπίστις pistis faith

Romans 4:3 · YLV

For what does the graphe(written-scripture) say? "Abraham believed God, and it was credited to him as dikaiosyne(righteousness)."

Key wordsγραφή graphe Scripture, what is writtenδικαιοσύνη dikaiosyne righteousnessπιστεύω pisteuo to believe

Galatians 3:8 · YLV

The graphe(written-scripture), foreseeing that God would justify the nations by faith, proclaimed the good news beforehand to Abraham, saying, "All the nations will be blessed in you."

Key wordsγραφή graphe Scripture, what is writtenπροοράω proorao to see beforeπίστις pistis faith

Hebrews 11:39-40 · YLV

(39) And all these, though commended through their faith, did not receive what was promised, (40) since God had provided something better for us, so that apart from us they should not be made perfect.

Key wordsμαρτυρέω martyreo to bear witness, testifyπίστις pistis faithπροβλέπω problepo to foresee

The name "sons of God" also did not first appear in the New Testament. This verse is the first verse of the place in Deuteronomy where the food regulations begin.

Deuteronomy 14:1 · YLV

You are sons to YHWH your God; you shall not cut yourselves, and you shall not make a baldness between your eyes for the dead.

Key wordsגָּדַד gadad to penetrate, cut, attack, invadeשׂוּם sum to put, place, set, appoint, makeקָרחָה qorchah baldness, bald

Claim 37"The born-again person is a new creation that has not existed since the foundation of the world. This was hidden in the Old Testament, even in the Gospels Jesus spoke only in parables, and Paul made it known by revelation."

What Scripture says

The new creation and being seated in the heavens are the words of Scripture (2 Corinthians 5:17; Ephesians 2:6). But what Paul called "the mystery that was hidden," Paul himself tells us: that the Gentiles become fellow heirs. It does not mean that a new being without Torah has come into existence.

VerseYLVNote
2 Corinthians 5:17Therefore if anyone is in Messiah(Christ), he is a new ktisis(creation); the old things have passed away; behold, all things have become new.κτίσις ktisis(the act of founding, establishing) · παρέρχομαι parerchomai(to pass away)
Ephesians 2:6and raised us up with Him, and seated us with Him in the heavenly places in Messiah(Christ) Yeshua(Jesus),συνεγείρω synegeiro(to raise together, to cause to raise together) · συγκαθίζω synkathizo(to cause to sit down together, place together)
Ephesians 3:4-6 · YLV

(4) By referring to this, when you read you can understand my insight into the mystery of Messiah(Christ), (5) which in other generations was not made known to the sons of men, as it has now been revealed to His hagio(holy) apostles and prophets in the pneuma(spirit); (6) to be specific, that the nations are fellow heirs and fellow members of the body, and fellow metochoi(fellow-participants) of the promise in Messiah(Christ) Yeshua(Jesus) through the good news,

Key wordsσύνεσις synesis a running together, a flowing together withμυστήριον mysterion hidden thing, secret, mysteryπνεῦμα pneuma spirit

Acts 26:22 · YLV

So, having obtained help from God, I stand to this day testifying both to small and great, stating nothing but what the Prophets and Moses said was going to take place:

Key wordsἐπικουρία epikouria aid, succour, helpτυγχάνω tynchano to hit the markἡμέρα hemera day

The Gospels say that the parables were spoken to the crowds outside, and that he explained everything to his disciples. And Yeshua told them to teach the disciples of all nations to "keep" his words recorded in the Gospels.

Mark 4:34 · YLV

and He did not speak to them without a parable — but privately He was explaining everything to His own disciples.

Key wordsπαραβολή parabole parableλαλέω laleo to speakμαθητής mathetes a learner, pupil, disciple

Matthew 28:20 · YLV

teaching them to observe all that I commanded you; and behold, I am with you all the days until the end of the age. Amen."

Key wordsσυντέλεια synteleia completion, consummation, endαἰών aion for ever, an unbroken age, perpetuity of timeδιδάσκω didasko to teach

1 Timothy 6:3 · YLV

If anyone advocates a different doctrine and does not agree with sound words, those of our Lord Yeshua(Jesus) Messiah(Christ), and with the teaching conforming to godliness,

Key wordsλόγος logos wordἑτεροδιδασκαλέω heterodidaskaleo to teach other or different doctrineπροσέρχομαι proserchomai to come to, approach

In the very letter where he speaks of the new creation, Paul continues like this.

2 Corinthians 5:10 · YLV

For we must all appear before the bema(judgment-seat) of Messiah(Christ), so that each one may be recompensed for his deeds in the body, according to what he has done, whether good or bad.

Key wordsβῆμα bema a step, pace, the space which a foot coversφανερόω phaneroo to make manifest, revealδεῖ dei it is necessary, there is need of

2 Corinthians 6:14 · YLV

Do not be bound together with unbelievers; for what partnership have dikaiosyne(righteousness) and anomia(Torah-lessness), or what koinonia(fellowship) has light with darkness?

Key wordsμετοχή metoche a sharing, communion, fellowshipδικαιοσύνη dikaiosyne righteousnessἀνομία anomia lawlessness, Torah-lessness

2 Corinthians 7:1 · YLV

Therefore, having these promises, beloved, let us cleanse ourselves from all defilement of sarx(flesh) and pneuma(spirit), perfecting holiness in the fear of God.

Key wordsσάρξ sarx fleshπνεῦμα pneuma spiritἐπαγγελία epangelia promise

Claim 38"The New Testament is about how to be born again and live as a person of the Spirit. If you send a person of the Spirit back to the Torah that was given to people of the flesh, the image of Christ grows faint."

What Scripture says

The expression "the Torah that was given to people of the flesh" is the exact opposite of what Paul says.

Romans 7:14 · YLV

For we know that the nomos(law) is spiritual, but I am sarx(flesh)ly, sold under sin.

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawπνευματικός pneumatikos relating to the human spiritσαρκικός sarkikos fleshly, carnal

Romans 8:7 · YLV

Because the phronema(mindset) of the sarx(flesh) is hostility toward God, for it does not submit to the nomos(law) of God — indeed it cannot —

Key wordsφρόνημα phronema mindsetσάρξ sarx fleshνόμος nomos law

For Paul, the Torah is spiritual, and it is the flesh that does not submit to it. In the one who walks according to the Spirit, "the dikaioma (the doing of the statutes) of the nomos (law) is fulfilled" (Romans 8:4). It is not that the person of the Spirit goes to the Torah; the one who walks in the Torah is the person of the Spirit. And the image of Christ into which we are being formed is the image of the one who kept his Father's commandments.

VerseYLVNote
Romans 8:4so that the dikaioma(ordinance) of the nomos(law) might be fulfilled in us who do not walk according to the sarx(flesh) but according to the pneuma(spirit).δικαίωμα dikaioma(righteous act, ordinance carried out) · νόμος nomos(law)
Romans 8:29 · YLV

Because those whom He foreknew He also predestined to be conformed to the image of His Son, so that He might be the firstborn among many brothers.

Key wordsπρωτοτόκος prototokos the firstbornπρογινώσκω proginosko to have knowledge before handπροορίζω proorizo to predetermine, decide beforehand

John 15:10 · YLV

If you keep My commandments, you will abide in My agape(love); just as I have kept My Father's commandments and abide in His agape(love).

Key wordsἀγάπη agape loveἐντολή entole commandmentτηρέω tereo to keep

Claim 39"It is like a student admitted to university without an exam deciding to prepare for the entrance exam again."

What Scripture says

For a student admitted without an exam to prepare for the entrance exam again would be foolish. To seek justification on the basis of keeping the Torah, that is, to go back to the entrance exam, is not what this study claims (Galatians 5:4). But an admitted student goes to class and does the assignments. Admission being free does not mean the classes disappear. That is exactly the thought Paul shut down in Romans 6:1.

VerseYLVNote
Galatians 5:4You have been severed from Messiah(Christ), you who are seeking to be justified by nomos(law); you have fallen from charis(grace).νόμος nomos(law) · καταργέω katargeo(to nullify, render powerless)
Romans 6:1What then shall we say? Are we to continue in sin so that charis(grace) may increase?ἔρω ereo(to utter, speak, say) · ἐπιμένω epimeno(to continue, remain on)
Romans 6:1-2 · YLV

(1) What then shall we say? Are we to continue in sin so that charis(grace) may increase? (2) May it never be! We who died to sin — how shall we still live in it?

Key wordsἔρω ereo to utter, speak, sayἐπιμένω epimeno to continue, remain onἀποθνήσκω apothnesko to die

Titus 2:14 · YLV

who gave Himself for us to redeem us from every anomia(Torah-lessness), and to purify for Himself a people for His own possession, zealous for good deeds.

Key wordsἀνομία anomia lawlessness, Torah-lessnessλυτρόω lytroo to redeem, ransomκαθαρίζω katharizo to cleanse

Claim 40"Orthodox Jews read and memorize the Torah all their lives but do not come to Jesus. That is what happens when you are bound to the Torah."

What Scripture says

Yeshua himself spoke about those who read the Torah yet do not come to Yeshua. Their problem was not that they believed the Torah too much, but that they did not believe Moses.

John 5:46-47 · YLV

(46) For if you believed Moses, you would believe Me, for he wrote about Me. (47) But if you do not believe his writings, how will you believe My rhema(spoken-words)?"

Key wordsῥήμα rhema spoken wordπιστεύω pisteuo to believeΜωσῆς Moseus Moses

Paul said that the veil is removed "when one turns to the Lord." What is removed is the veil, not Moses.

2 Corinthians 3:14-16 · YLV

(14) But their noemata(minds) were hardened; for until this very day at the reading of the old covenant the same veil remains unlifted, because it is removed in Messiah(Christ). (15) But to this day whenever Moses is read, a veil lies over their kardia(heart, soul-domain). (16) But whenever one turns to the Lord, the veil is taken away.

Key wordsκαρδία kardia heartδιαθήκη diatheke covenantπωρόω poroo to cover with a thick skin

And in fact there were tens of thousands of Jews who believed in Yeshua and were zealous for the Torah. To us, who as Gentiles have been grafted into that root, Paul gave this charge.

Acts 21:20 · YLV

And when they heard it they began glorifying God; and they said to him, "You see, brother, how many thousands there are among the Jews of those who have believed, and they are all zealous for the nomos(law);

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawἀκούω akouo to hearδοξάζω doxazo to think, suppose, be of opinion

Romans 11:18 · YLV

do not boast over the branches — but if you do boast, it is not you who bears the root, but the root bears you.

Key wordsκατακαυχάομαι katakauchaomai to triumph over, boast againstκλάδος klados a young tender shoot, broken off for graftingῥίζα rhiza root

Romans 11:20-21 · YLV

(20) True — they were broken off by unbelief, and you stand by faith; do not be high-minded, but fear, (21) for if God did not spare the natural branches, neither will He spare you.

Key wordsἀπιστία apistia unfaithfulness, faithlessἐκκλάω ekklao to break off, to cut offφύσις physis nature

Claim 41"The born-again are dealt with by God. Even if they sin, do not judge them (Romans 14:4). If you string Scripture together only with sin and law, you get something strange; you must string it together with grace for it to come through."

What Scripture says

What Romans 14 is about is made clear by its first verse: matters of differing opinion, such as whether one eats only vegetables (Romans 14:1-2). About a brother who sins, Scripture speaks differently.

VerseYLVNote
Romans 14:1-2(1) Now receive the one who is weak in faith — not for diakrisis(discernment) of dialogismoi(reasoning, deliberations). (2) One person believes he may eat all things, but the one who is weak eats only vegetables.διάκρισις diakrisis(a distinguishing, discerning, judging) · ἀσθενέω astheneo(to be weak, feeble, to be without strength)
Matthew 18:15 · YLV

If your brother sins against you, go and show him his fault in private — if he listens to you, you have won your brother.

Key wordsἀμαρτάνω hamartano to sinἀδελφός adelphos a brotherὑπάγω hypago to lead under, bring under

Leviticus 19:17 · YLV

You shall not hate your brother in your heart; you shall surely reprove your fellow, and you shall not bear sin because of him.

Key wordsשָׂנֵא sane to hate, be hatefulיָכחַ yakach to prove, decide, judge, rebuke, reproveנָשָׂא nasa to lift, bear up, carry, take

Galatians 6:1 · YLV

Brothers, even if anyone is caught in any trespass, you who are pneumatikoi(spiritual) restore such a one in a pneuma(spirit) of gentleness; each one looking to yourself, so that you too will not be tempted.

Key wordsπνεῦμα pneuma spiritἀδελφός adelphos a brotherπρολαμβάνω prolambano to take before

James 5:19-20 · YLV

(19) My brothers, if anyone among you wanders from the aletheia(truth) and someone brings him back, (20) let that person know that whoever brings back a sinner from his wandering way will save a psyche(soul) from death and will cover a multitude of sins.

Key wordsἀλήθεια aletheia truthψυχή psyche soulἀδελφός adelphos a brother

It is right to say we must string it together with grace. Then we need only check in Scripture what grace teaches.

Titus 2:11-14 · YLV

(11) For the charis(grace) of God has appeared, bringing Salvation to all men, (12) instructing us to deny ungodliness and worldly epithymiai(lusts, desires, strong cravings) and to live sensibly, righteously and godly in the present age, (13) looking for the blessed elpis(hope) and the appearing of the glory of our great God and Savior, Yeshua(Jesus) Messiah(Christ), (14) who gave Himself for us to redeem us from every anomia(Torah-lessness), and to purify for Himself a people for His own possession, zealous for good deeds.

Key wordsἐλπίς elpis expectation of evil, fearἐπιθυμία epithymia strong desireἀνομία anomia lawlessness, Torah-lessness

Grace trains us to live godly lives, redeems us from all anomia (Torahlessness), and makes a people zealous for good works. This is where you arrive when you string Scripture together with grace.

Here is the full text of the passage the claim cites.

VerseYLVNote
Romans 14:4Who are you who krino(judges) another's household servant? To his own master he stands or falls — and he will stand, for God is able to make him stand.κρίνω krino(to judge, decide) · οἰκέτης oiketes(one who lives in the same house as another)

Claim 42"The little horn of Daniel 7 makes war with the saints and prevails, but when the appointed time comes it is overturned. The saints need only keep the promise in their hearts and wait for the second coming."

What Scripture says

The promise that the saints will inherit the kingdom (Daniel 7:18, 22, 27) stands as it is. But what the little horn fights the saints over is written in 7:25, and this verse is often left out.

VerseYLVNote
Daniel 7:18But the saints of the Most High (Elyon) shall receive the kingdom and possess the kingdom forever, even forever and ever.'עָלַם alam(perpetuity, antiquity, for ever) · קַדִּישׁ qaddish(holy, separate)
Daniel 7:25 · YLV

And he shall speak words against the Most High (Elyon), and he shall wear out the saints of the Most High (Elyon); and he shall think to change times (zimnin, Aramaic) and decree (dat). And they shall be given into his hand until an appointed time (iddan, Aramaic) and appointed times (iddanin, Aramaic) and half a time.

Key wordsמְלַל melal he will speakבְּלָא bela he will wear outזְמָן zeman a set time, time, season

The work of the little horn is to change God's appointed times (moed) and law (Torah). To stand on the side of the saints in that fight is to keep those times and that law. Revelation, speaking of the same fight, calls the saints this.

Revelation 12:17 · YLV

And the dragon was angry with the woman and went off to make war with the rest of her offspring — those who keep the commandments of God and hold the testimony of Yeshua(Jesus).

Key wordsὀργίζω orgizo to provoke, to arouse to angerδράκων drakon a dragon, a great serpent, a name for Satanγυνή gyne a woman of any age

Revelation 14:12 · YLV

Here is the steadfast endurance of the holy ones — those who keep the commandments of God and the faith of Yeshua(Jesus).

Key wordsὑπομονή hypomone enduranceπίστις pistis faithτηρέω tereo to keep

2 Thessalonians calls the adversary of the last days "the man of anomia (Torahlessness)."

2 Thessalonians 2:3-4 · YLV

(3) Let no one in any way deceive you, for it will not come unless the apostasia(falling-away) comes first, and the man of sin is revealed, the son of destruction, (4) who opposes and exalts himself above every so-called god or object of worship, so that he takes his seat in the temple of God, displaying himself as being God.

Key wordsἀποστασία apostasia a falling away, defection, apostasyναός naos sanctuary, templeἀντίκειμαι antikeimai to be set over against, opposite to

2 Thessalonians 2:7 · YLV

For the mystery of anomia(lawlessness) is already at work; only he who now restrains will do so until he is taken out of the way.

Key wordsμυστήριον mysterion hidden thing, secret, mysteryἀνομία anomia lawlessness, Torah-lessnessἐνεργέω energeo to be operative, be at work, put forth power

One more thing: Daniel 7:13 says, "One like a son of man came with the clouds of heaven and came to the Ancient of Days." Because this is a scene in which the Son of Man comes before the Ancient of Days, the two are not the same person. The Ancient of Days is the Father, and the Son of Man is the Messiah (Matthew 26:64).

VerseYLVNote
Matthew 26:64Yeshua(Jesus) said to him: "You have said it yourself; nevertheless I tell you, hereafter you will see the Son of Man sitting at the right hand of Dynamis(Power) and coming on the clouds of heaven."υἱός uihos(son) · ἄνθρωπος anthropos(a human being)
Daniel 7:13I was seeing in the night visions, and behold, with the clouds of the heavens one like a son of man (adam) was coming; and he came to the Ancient of Days, and they brought him near before him.חֲזָא chaza(to see, behold) · עֲנַן anan(cloud)

7Zeal, the feasts, and the actual lives of the apostles

Claim 43"Trying to keep the law by my own zeal becomes a big problem."

What Scripture says

There is no verse in Scripture that faults zeal itself to live by the word. Rather, God commanded, "Be careful to keep them," and one of the purposes of the cross is "a people zealous for good works."

Psalm 119:4 · YLV

You yourself have commanded (tzivvah) your precepts to be kept diligently.

Key wordsפִּקּוּד piqqud precept, statute

Titus 2:14 · YLV

who gave Himself for us to redeem us from every anomia(Torah-lessness), and to purify for Himself a people for His own possession, zealous for good deeds.

Key wordsἀνομία anomia lawlessness, Torah-lessnessλυτρόω lytroo to redeem, ransomκαθαρίζω katharizo to cleanse

Romans 12:11 · YLV

not lagging in diligence, fervent in pneuma(spirit), serving the Lord;

Key wordsπνεῦμα pneuma spiritσπουδή spoude haste, with hasteζέω zeo to boil with heat, be hot

Galatians 4:18 · YLV

But it is good always to be eagerly sought in a commendable manner, and not only when I am present with you.

Key wordsζηλόω zeloo to burn with zealπάρειμι pareimi to be by, be at hand, to have arrivedκαλός kalos beautiful, handsome, excellent, eminent

When a man who had kept the commandments from his youth came to Yeshua, Yeshua did not rebuke his zeal but loved him.

Mark 10:20-21 · YLV

(20) And he said to Him: "Teacher, I have kept all these things from my youth up." (21) Looking at him, Yeshua(Jesus) felt a love for him and said to him: "One thing you lack: go and sell all you possess and give to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven; and come, follow Me, taking up the cross."

Key wordsἀποκρίνομαι apokrinomai to give an answer to a question proposedἐμβλέπω emblepo to look at, fix one's eyes onδιδάσκαλος didaskalos a teacher

What Scripture faults is not the amount of zeal but its direction and attitude: zeal to establish one's own righteousness instead of God's righteousness, zeal that points the finger at others, zeal that comes from envy and ambition.

Romans 10:2-3 · YLV

(2) For I bear witness to them that they have zeal for God, but not according to epignosis(spiritual, complete knowledge). (3) For not knowing the dikaiosyne(righteousness) of God and seeking to establish their own dikaiosyne(righteousness), they did not submit to the dikaiosyne(righteousness) of God.

Key wordsδικαιοσύνη dikaiosyne righteousnessἐπίγνωσις epignosis full knowledgeμαρτυρέω martyreo to bear witness, testify

Philippians 3:6 · YLV

as to zeal, a persecutor of the ekklesia(called-out community); as to the dikaiosyne(righteousness) which is in the nomos(law), found blameless.

Key wordsδικαιοσύνη dikaiosyne righteousnessνόμος nomos lawζῆλος zelos excitement of mind, ardour, fervour of spirit

Luke 18:11-12 · YLV

(11) The Pharisee stood and was praying this to himself: 'God, I thank You that I am not like other people — swindlers, unjust, adulterers, or even like this tax collector. (12) I fast twice a sabbaton(referring to every Moed of Leviticus 23); I pay tithes of all that I get.'

Key wordsνηστεύω nesteuo to fastΦαρισαῖος Pharisaios Phariseeἵστημι histemi to establish, uphold

James 3:14-17 · YLV

(14) But if you have bitter jealousy and selfish ambition in your kardia(heart, soul-domain), do not boast and lie against the aletheia(truth). (15) This sophia(wisdom) is not that which comes down from above, but is earthly, psychike(soul-driven), demonic. (16) For where jealousy and selfish ambition exist, there will be disorder and every vile practice. (17) But the sophia(wisdom) from above is first pure, then peaceable, gentle, open to reason, full of mercy and good fruits, adiakritos(impartial, unwavering) and sincere.

Key wordsσοφία sophia wisdom, broad and full of intelligenceκαρδία kardia heartἀλήθεια aletheia truth

Gentle and faithful zeal is what God commanded. What is wrong is not zeal but self-righteousness, condemnation, and envy, and these three can arise without zeal and can be absent where there is zeal.

Claim 44"Feasts, new moons, and Sabbaths are a shadow of things to come, so let no one judge you (Colossians 2:16-17). Therefore there is no need to keep them."

What Scripture says

First, the grammar of this verse. "Me tis hymas krineto (μή τις ὑμᾶς κρινέτω)" is a third-person command: "Let no one pass judgment on you," that is, do not accept their judgment. The context makes clear who was doing the judging.

Colossians 2:8 · YLV

See to it that no one takes you captive through philosophy and empty deception, according to the tradition of men, according to the stoicheia(elementary principles) of the world, rather than according to Messiah(Christ).

Key wordsστοιχεῖον stoicheion any first thingβλέπω blepo to see, discern, of the bodily eyeσυλαγωγέω sylagogeo to carry off booty

Colossians 2:20-22 · YLV

(20) If you have died with Messiah(Christ) to the stoicheia(elementary principles) of the world, why, as if you were living in the world, do you submit yourself to decrees: (21) "Do not handle, do not taste, do not touch!" (22) (which all refer to things destined to perish with use) — in accordance with the commandments and teachings of men?

Key wordsστοιχεῖον stoicheion any first thingδογματίζω dogmatizo to decree, command, enjoinἀποθνήσκω apothnesko to die

"Do not handle, do not taste, do not touch" are the ascetics' "commandments of men." This expression comes from Isaiah 29:13, and it is the very phrase Yeshua used in Mark 7:7 of the tradition of the elders. If the ascetics were judging the Colossian believers "in eating and drinking, or regarding a feast or a new moon or sabbaton," it means the Colossian believers were eating and drinking and keeping those days. There is no reason to judge someone who does not keep the feasts in the matter of the feasts.

VerseYLVNote
Isaiah 29:13And my Lord (Adonai) said: Because this people draws near with its mouth, and with its lips they honor me, but its heart it has put far from me, and their fear of me has become a commandment (mitzvah) of men (ish), learned by rote,נָגַשׁ nagash(to draw near, approach) · רָחַק rachaq(to be or become far, be or become distant)
Mark 7:7But in vain do they worship Me, teaching as doctrines the precepts of men.'"σέβομαι sebomai(to revere, to worship) · διδάσκω didasko(to teach)
Colossians 2:16-17 · YLV

(16) Therefore no one is to krino(judge) you in regard to food or drink or in respect to heortes(festival) or new moon or sabbatons(referring to every Moed of Leviticus 23); (17) things which are a shadow of what is to come; but the substance belongs to Messiah(Christ).

Key wordsσκία skia shadowκρίνω krino to judge, decideἑορτή heorte a feast day, festival

"Are a shadow" is present tense (ἅ ἐστιν σκιά). Not "were a shadow" but still a shadow now, and the substance belongs to the Messiah. It means there is still something yet to come. In Romans 14:5, "every day alike," the word for "alike" is not in the Greek text, and neither sabbaton nor heorte appears in that chapter. The apostles kept the feasts.

VerseYLVNote
Romans 14:5One person krino(judges) one day above another; another krino(judges) every day alike — let each one be fully convinced in his own nous(intellect, spiritual domain).κρίνω krino(to judge, decide) · νοῦς nous(the mind)
Acts 2:1 · YLV

And when the day of Pentecost was being fulfilled, they were all together with one mind in the same place,

Key wordsπεντηκοστή pentekoste Pentecostσυμπληρόω sympleroo to fill completelyἡμέρα hemera day

Acts 20:16 · YLV

For Paul had krino(decided) to sail past Ephesus so that he would not have to spend chronos(chronological-time) in Asia; for he was hurrying to be in Jerusalem, if possible, on the day of Pentecost.

Key wordsπεντηκοστή pentekoste Pentecostσπεύδω speudo to haste, make hasteἹεροσόλυμα Hierosolyma Jerusalem

1 Corinthians 5:8 · YLV

Therefore let us celebrate the feast, not with old leaven nor with leaven of malice and wickedness, but with the unleavened bread of sincerity and aletheia(truth).

Key wordsἀλήθεια aletheia truthἑορτάζω heortazo to keep a feast day, celebrate a feastζύμη zyme leaven

Claim 45"Paul broke away from Judaism and founded a new religion, Christianity."

What Scripture says

What Paul called what he preached, Paul himself tells us.

Acts 24:14 · YLV

But this I admit to you, that according to the Way which they call a sect I do serve the God of our fathers, believing everything that is in accordance with the nomos(law) and that is written in the Prophets;

Key wordsαἵρεσις hairesis act of taking, captureνόμος nomos lawὁμολογέω homologeo to confess, declare

Acts 26:22 · YLV

So, having obtained help from God, I stand to this day testifying both to small and great, stating nothing but what the Prophets and Moses said was going to take place:

Key wordsἐπικουρία epikouria aid, succour, helpτυγχάνω tynchano to hit the markἡμέρα hemera day

Acts 28:23 · YLV

When they had set a day for Paul, they came to him at his lodging in large numbers; and he was explaining to them by solemnly testifying about the kingdom of God and trying to persuade them concerning Yeshua(Jesus), from both the nomos(law) of Moses and from the Prophets, from morning until hespera(evening).

Key wordsβασιλεία basileia kingdom, the king's ruleνόμος nomos lawἑσπέρα hespera evening, eventide

Acts 17:2-3 · YLV

(2) And according to Paul's custom, he went to them, and for three sabbatons(referring to every Moed of Leviticus 23) reasoned with them from the graphe(written-scripture)s, (3) explaining and giving evidence that the Messiah(Christ) had to suffer and rise again from the dead, and saying, "This Yeshua(Jesus) whom I am proclaiming to you is the Messiah(Christ)."

Key wordsγραφή graphe Scripture, what is writtenδιανοίγω dianoigo to open by dividing or drawing asunderπαρατίθημι paratithemi to place beside or near or set before

What Paul preached was Yeshua as "written in the nomos (law) and the prophets," and his method was to reason from the Scriptures in the synagogue. The name "Christians" was given by the people of Antioch, not a name the apostles established (Acts 11:26). A synagogue ruler and priests believed, and in Jerusalem tens of thousands of believing Jews were zealous for the Torah.

VerseYLVNote
Acts 11:26and when he had found him, he brought him to Antioch; and for an entire year they met with the ekklesia(called-out community) and taught considerable numbers, and the disciples were first called Christians in Antioch.εὑρίσκω heurisko(to come upon, hit upon, to meet with) · ἄγω ago(to lead, take with one)
Acts 18:8 · YLV

Crispus, the leader of the synagogue, believed in the Lord with all his household, and many of the Corinthians when they heard were believing and being baptized.

Key wordsΚρίσπος Krispos Crispusἀρχισυνάγωγος archisynagogos ruler of the synagogueπιστεύω pisteuo to believe

Acts 6:7 · YLV

And the logos(word) of God was growing and the number of the disciples in Jerusalem was greatly multiplying, and a large group of the priests were becoming obedient to the faith.

Key wordsἱερεύς hiereus a priestὑπακούω hypakouo to listen, to harkenπίστις pistis faith

Acts 21:20 · YLV

And when they heard it they began glorifying God; and they said to him, "You see, brother, how many thousands there are among the Jews of those who have believed, and they are all zealous for the nomos(law);

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawἀκούω akouo to hearδοξάζω doxazo to think, suppose, be of opinion

Claim 46"The apostles went to the temple and kept the feasts because they did not yet know the full gospel. Paul's letters went beyond that."

What Scripture says

All of Paul's letters were written while the temple was standing. Even the latest, 2 Timothy, dates from just before his martyrdom (by tradition, under Nero, around 64-67), and the temple fell in 70. In the very period when Paul was writing his letters, Paul himself performed purification rites in the temple and paid for the offerings. Acts 21 took place around 57, after Romans, Corinthians, and Galatians had already been written.

Acts 21:24 · YLV

take them and purify yourself along with them, and pay their expenses so that they may shave their heads; and all will know that there is nothing to the things which they have been told about you, but that you yourself also walk orderly, keeping the nomos(law).

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawπαραλαμβάνω paralambano to take along, receiveἁγνίζω hagnizo ceremonially

Acts 21:26 · YLV

Then Paul took the men, and the next day, purifying himself along with them, went into the temple giving notice of the completion of the days of purification, until the sacrifice was offered for each one of them.

Key wordsἁγνισμός hagnismos purification, expiationἱερόν hieron a sacred place, templeπροσφορά prosphora offering

Acts 24:17 · YLV

Now after several years I came to bring alms to my nation and to present offerings;

Key wordsἔτος etos yearπαραγίνομαι paraginomai to be present, to come near, approachἐλεημοσύνη eleemosyne mercy, pity

Hebrews also writes in the present tense that the priests "are" serving. The apostles gathered in the temple every day and went up to Jerusalem for the feasts.

Hebrews 8:4 · YLV

Now if He were on earth, He would not be a priest at all, since there are priests who offer doron(offerings, gifts) according to the nomos(law).

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawδῶρον doron giftγῆ ge arable land

Acts 2:46 · YLV

And day by day, devoting themselves with one mind in the temple and breaking bread from house to house, they were sharing food with joy and singleness of kardia(heart, soul-domain),

Key wordsκαρδία kardia heartἡμέρα hemera dayπροσκαρτερέω proskartereo to continue steadfastly, devote oneself

Acts 3:1 · YLV

Now Peter and John were going up to the temple at the hora(that-hour) of prayer, the ninth hour,

Key wordsὥρα hora hour, timeΠέτρος Petros PeterἸωάννης Ioannes John

Acts 24:11 · YLV

since you can take note of the fact that no more than twelve days ago I went up to Jerusalem to worship.

Key wordsἀναβαίνω anabaino ascendπροσκυνέω proskyneo to worshipἹερουσαλήμ Hierousalem Jerusalem

Therefore reading into Paul's letters the conclusion that "the temple, the feasts, and the Torah are finished" conflicts with what the man who wrote those letters was doing while he wrote them. And the rumor that he "teaches to forsake Moses" was judged by the apostles in Jerusalem to be groundless (Acts 21:21, 24).

VerseYLVNote
Acts 21:21and they have been told about you, that you are teaching all the Jews who are among the Gentiles to forsake Moses, telling them not to circumcise their children nor to walk according to the customs.περιπατέω peripateo(to walk, conduct oneself) · κατηχέω katecheo(to sound towards, sound down upon, resound)

Claim 47"Acts 20:7 is evidence that the early church gathered and worshiped on Sunday."

What Scripture says

If we follow the order of the text as it is, it goes like this.

Acts 20:6-8 · YLV

(6) We sailed from Philippi after the days of Unleavened Bread, and came to them at Troas within five days; and there we stayed seven days. (7) In yet the one of the sabbatons(referring to every Moed of Leviticus 23), when we were gathered together to break bread, Paul began talking to them, intending to leave the next day, and he prolonged his logos(word) until midnight. (8) There were many lamps in the upper room where we were gathered together.

Key wordsἐκπλέω ekpleo to sail from, sail away, depart by shipλαμπάς lampas a torchἡμέρα hemera day

Acts 20:11 · YLV

When he had gone back up and had broken the bread and eaten, he talked with them a long while until daybreak, and then left.

Key wordsἀναβαίνω anabaino ascendκλάω klao to breakἄρτος artos food composed of flour mixed with water and baked

After keeping the Feast of Unleavened Bread, they stayed seven days in Troas; on "one of the sabbatons" they gathered to break bread; and because Paul intended to leave the next day, he spoke until midnight and until dawn. By the biblical reckoning in which the day begins at sunset, this gathering is a farewell meeting that ran through the night from the evening when the sabbaton ended. Staying seven days was also in order to let the sabbaton pass.

In this verse there is no word "worship," no word "every week," and no phrase "set on the first day." There is only one night gathering to send off a man who was leaving. What the Greek "mia ton sabbaton (μία τῶν σαββάτων)" is, The Risen Shabbaton — Mia ton Sabbaton, one of the Sabbatons, compares exhaustively: all eleven places of shabbaton (H7677) in the Old Testament and sabbaton (G4521) in the New Testament.

8On Returning to the Torah

Claim 48"You must not go back to the Torah. The gospel sets us free from the Torah; it does not call us back to it."

What Scripture says

Yeshua himself said whom he will drive out on the last day.

Matthew 7:23 · YLV

And then I will declare to them: 'I never knew you — depart from Me, you who work the anomia(Torah-lessness).'

Key wordsἀνομία anomia lawlessness, Torah-lessnessὁμολογέω homologeo to confess, declareγινώσκω ginosko to know

The reason for being driven out is "Torah-lessness." To say "you must not go back to the Torah" is to call the very place from which Yeshua says "depart from me" the gospel. John defines sin with this same word.

1 John 3:4 · YLV

Everyone who practices sin also practices anomia(Torah-lessness); sin is anomia(Torah-lessness).

Key wordsἀνομία anomia lawlessness, Torah-lessnessἁμαρτία hamartia sin

What "repentance" is, then, the Old Testament had already settled. It is a returning, and the place one returns to is God's statutes.

Malachi 3:7 · YLV

From the days of your fathers you have turned aside from my statutes (chuqqim), and have not kept them. Return to me, and I will return to you, says YHWH of hosts (tzevaot). But you say, "In what shall we return?"

Key wordsסוּר sur to turn aside, departשָׁמַר shamar to keepצָבָא tsaba that which goes forth, army, war, warfare

The place they left was the statutes, so the place to return to is the statutes. And the sentence attached right after it is the same as the response we hear today: "But you say, How shall we return?"

Ezekiel 18:30 · YLV

Therefore, each man (ish) according to his ways I will judge you, house of Israel, declares my Lord (Adonai) YHWH. Return, and turn yourselves back from all your transgressions, that iniquity may not be for you a stumbling-block.

Key wordsשָׁפַט shaphat to judge, govern, vindicate, punishבַּיִת bayith houseנְאֻם neum [the] utterance of

Nehemiah 9:26 · YLV

And they were rebellious, and rebelled against You, and cast Your Torah behind their back, and they killed Your prophets who testified against them to bring them back to You; and they did great blasphemies.

Key wordsהָרַג harag to killעוּד ud to return, repeat, go about, do againנְאָצָה neatsah contempt, contumely

Throwing the Torah behind one's back and refusing the warning to turn back stand in a single sentence. Yeshua's first proclamation says the same thing.

Matthew 4:17 · YLV

From that time Yeshua(Jesus) began to proclaim and say: "metanoeite(Repent, spiritual domain), for the kingdom of the heavens has drawn near."

Key wordsβασιλεία basileia kingdom, the king's ruleἄρχομαι archomai to be the first to doκηρύσσω kerysso to proclaim

Metanoeite means "return." If sin is anomia (Torah-lessness) (1 John 3:4), then the first word of the gospel is "return from Torah-lessness." That is the road the person delivered by grace walks next. Therefore a gospel that says "do not go back to the Torah" is the gospel of the side that hears "depart from me" in Matthew 7:23.

Claim 49"The Jerusalem council (Acts 15) passed on to the Gentile churches a decision that required none of the things raised. Gentiles are free from the law of Moses."

What Scripture says

What the council decided is written not in 15:5 but in 15:19-21 and 15:28-29. First, the reason the council met is in 15:1.

Acts 15:1 · YLV

Some men came down from Judea and began teaching the brothers, "Unless you are circumcised according to the custom of Moses, you cannot be saved."

Key wordsκατέρχομαι katerchomai to come down, go downἸουδαία Ioudaia Judaeaδιδάσκω didasko to teach

Acts 15:5 · YLV

But some of the sect of the Pharisees who had believed stood up, saying, "It is necessary to circumcise them and to direct them to observe the nomos(law) of Moses."

Key wordsαἵρεσις hairesis act of taking, captureνόμος nomos lawἐξανίστημι exanistemi to make to rise up, to rise up, to produce

The issue was "unless you are circumcised you cannot be saved." Circumcision and the law of Moses were being set up as the condition of salvation. This is what Peter called a "yoke," and the answer to it is "we are saved by grace." This study says amen to that answer too.

Acts 15:10-11 · YLV

(10) Now therefore why do you put God to the test by placing upon the neck of the disciples a yoke which neither our fathers nor we have been able to bear? (11) But we believe that we are saved through the charis(grace) of the Lord Yeshua(Jesus), in the same way as they also are."

Key wordsπειράζω peirazo to tryχάρις charis graceἐπιτίθημι epitithemi in the active voice

Was it, then, "a decision that required none of the things raised"? Here is James's ruling and the letter sent to the Gentile churches, read as they stand.

Acts 15:19-21 · YLV

(19) Therefore I krino(judge, determine) that we do not trouble those who are turning to God from among the Gentiles, (20) but that we write to them that they abstain from things contaminated by idols and from sexual immorality and from what is strangled and from blood. (21) For Moses from ancient generations has in every city those who proclaim him, since he is read in the synagogues every sabbaton(referring to every Moed of Leviticus 23)."

Key wordsκρίνω krino to judge, decideΜωσῆς Moseus Mosesἐπιστέλλω epistello to send one a message, command

Acts 15:28-29 · YLV

(28) For it seemed good to the hagio(holy) pneuma(spirit) and to us to lay upon you no greater burden than these essentials: (29) that you abstain from things sacrificed to idols and from blood and from things strangled and from sexual immorality; if you keep yourselves free from such things, you will do well. Farewell."

Key wordsπνεῦμα pneuma spiritδοκέω dokeo to be of opinion, think, supposeἀπέχω apecho have

The letter contains four things, calls them "the things that are necessary," and says "if you keep yourselves from these, you will do well." The four are not newly invented rules; every one of them is a commandment of the Torah. Food offered to idols is Exodus 34:15, blood and what is strangled are Leviticus 17:10-15, and sexual immorality is Leviticus 18.

VerseYLVNote
Exodus 34:15Lest you cut a covenant (berit) with the inhabitant of the land, and they go whoring after their gods, and sacrifice to their gods, and one call you, and you eat of his sacrifice;כָּרַת karath(to cut, cut off, cut down) · בְּרִית berith(covenant)
Leviticus 17:10-15(10) And any man (ish), man (ish) from the house of Israel, or from the sojourner who sojourns in their midst, who eats any blood — I will set my face against the soul (nephesh) that eats the blood, and I will cut it off from the midst of its people. (11) For the soul (nephesh) of the flesh (basar) is in the blood, and I myself have given it to you upon the altar to make atonement for your souls (nephesh); for it is the blood that makes atonement by the soul (nephesh). (12) Therefore I said to the sons of Israel: No soul (nephesh) among you shall eat blood, nor shall the sojourner who sojourns in your midst eat blood. (13) And any man (ish), man (ish) from the sons of Israel, or from the sojourner who sojourns in their midst, who hunts game, a living thing (chai) or a bird that may be eaten — he shall pour out its blood and cover it with dust (aphar). (14) For the soul (nephesh) of all flesh (basar) — its blood is in its soul (nephesh); and I said to the sons of Israel: You shall not eat the blood of all flesh (basar), for the soul (nephesh) of all flesh (basar) is its blood; everyone who eats it shall be cut off. (15) And every soul (nephesh) that eats a carcass or that which is torn, whether native or sojourner, he shall wash his clothes and bathe in water, and be unclean before(ad עד) the evening; then he shall be clean.נֶפֶשׁ nephesh(soul) · בָּשָׂר basar(flesh)
Leviticus 17:12 · YLV

Therefore I said to the sons of Israel: No soul (nephesh) among you shall eat blood, nor shall the sojourner who sojourns in your midst eat blood.

Key wordsנֶפֶשׁ nephesh soulאָכַל akal to eat, devour, burn up, feedדָּם dam blood

And 15:21 gives the reason for starting with those four: "because Moses is read in the synagogues every sabbaton." The decision assumes that Gentile believers will go on hearing Moses in the synagogue. A decision not to keep the Torah could not carry this reason.

The same James, years later, restates the same decision and asks the exact opposite of Paul.

Acts 21:20-21 · YLV

(20) And when they heard it they began glorifying God; and they said to him, "You see, brother, how many thousands there are among the Jews of those who have believed, and they are all zealous for the nomos(law); (21) and they have been told about you, that you are teaching all the Jews who are among the Gentiles to forsake Moses, telling them not to circumcise their children nor to walk according to the customs.

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawπεριπατέω peripateo to walk, conduct oneselfκατηχέω katecheo to sound towards, sound down upon, resound

Acts 21:24-25 · YLV

(24) take them and purify yourself along with them, and pay their expenses so that they may shave their heads; and all will know that there is nothing to the things which they have been told about you, but that you yourself also walk orderly, keeping the nomos(law). (25) But concerning the Gentiles who have believed, we wrote, having krino(decided) that they should abstain from meat sacrificed to idols and from blood and from what is strangled and from sexual immorality."

Key wordsκρίνω krino to judge, decideνόμος nomos lawπαραλαμβάνω paralambano to take along, receive

"Teaching people to forsake Moses" was called a groundless rumor; Paul was told to show that he himself keeps the nomos (law); and for the Gentiles the same four-point decision was confirmed again. If Acts 15 had been a decision to "keep none of it," this scene in Acts 21 could not exist.

Claim 50"When the husband dies the wife is released from the law of her husband (Romans 7:1-6). One who has died with Christ is no longer bound to the law."

What Scripture says

Here is the text as it stands.

Romans 7:1-6 · YLV

(1) Or do you not know, brothers — for I am speaking to those who know nomos(law) — that the nomos(law) exercises dominion over a person as long as he lives? (2) For the married woman is bound by nomos(law) to her living husband; but if her husband dies, she is released from the nomos(law) of the husband. (3) So then, if while her husband is alive she becomes another man's, she will be called an adulteress; but if her husband dies, she is free from that nomos(law), so that she is not an adulteress though she has become another man's. (4) So then, my brothers, you also were made to die to the nomos(law) through the body of Messiah(Christ), so that you might belong to another — to Him who was raised from the dead — in order that we might bear fruit to God. (5) For when we were in the sarx(flesh), the sinful passions that came through the nomos(law) were at work in our members to bear fruit to death. (6) But now we have been released from the nomos(law), having died to what held us captive, so that we serve in newness of pneuma(spirit) and not in oldness of the written letter.

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawκαινότης kainotes newnessπνεῦμα pneuma spirit

In this illustration the one who dies is the husband, not the law. And verse 4 says "you were put to death to the nomos (law)." It is we who died; nowhere does it say the law died. What the woman is released from is, as verse 2 says, "the nomos (law) of the husband," the rule binding her to that husband. In verse 3 it is still that law which rules "she is not an adulteress." The woman did not leave the law; within the law she went to a new husband.

What we were released from, verse 5 tells us: the place where the law exposed and condemned sin, that is, condemnation and fruit for death. And verse 6 also records what the released person does. "Serves." Not in the oldness of the letter but in the newness of the Spirit. It does not say we stop serving.

From the next verse on, Paul, knowing his words could be read as "released from the law, so the law is finished," blocks that reading at once.

Romans 7:7 · YLV

What then shall we say? Is the nomos(law) sin? May it never be! On the contrary, I would not have come to know sin except through nomos(law); for I would not have known epithymia(lust, desire, strong craving) if the nomos(law) had not said, "You shall not have epithymia(lust, desire, strong craving)."

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawἔρω ereo to utter, speak, sayἁμαρτία hamartia sin

Romans 7:12 · YLV

So then, the nomos(law) is holy, and the commandment is holy and righteous and good.

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawἅγιος hagios holyἐντολή entole commandment

Romans 7:22 · YLV

For I delight in the nomos(law) of God according to the inner person,

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawἄνθρωπος anthropos a human beingσυνήδομαι synedomai to delight with

Romans 7:25 · YLV

I give thanks to God through Yeshua(Jesus) Messiah(Christ) our Lord! So then, I myself with my nous(intellect, spiritual domain) serve the nomos(law) of God, but with my sarx(flesh) the nomos(law) of sin.

Key wordsνοῦς nous the mindνόμος nomos lawσάρξ sarx flesh

The same Paul who in chapter 7 said "put to death to the nomos (law)" says at the end of the same chapter, "I myself with my mind serve the nomos (law) of God." If the death in verse 4 meant "no longer bound to the law," verse 25 could not follow. Chapter 8 writes the conclusion.

Romans 8:3-4 · YLV

(3) For what was impossible for the nomos(law) — in that it was weak through the sarx(flesh) — God, by sending His own Son in the likeness of sinful sarx(flesh) and concerning sin, katakrino(condemned) sin in the sarx(flesh), (4) so that the dikaioma(ordinance) of the nomos(law) might be fulfilled in us who do not walk according to the sarx(flesh) but according to the pneuma(spirit).

Key wordsδικαίωμα dikaioma righteous act, ordinance carried outνόμος nomos lawσάρξ sarx flesh

Romans 8:7 · YLV

Because the phronema(mindset) of the sarx(flesh) is hostility toward God, for it does not submit to the nomos(law) of God — indeed it cannot —

Key wordsφρόνημα phronema mindsetσάρξ sarx fleshνόμος nomos law

The person born again of the Spirit is not someone who lives without law but someone in whom the requirement of the law is fulfilled. The side that does not submit to the law is not the spirit but the flesh. What we were released from is condemnation; what remains is service. What "serving in the newness of the Spirit" means, Ezekiel wrote in advance.

Ezekiel 36:27 · YLV

And my spirit (ruach) I will put within you, and I will cause you to walk in my statutes (chuqqim), and you shall keep my judgments (mishpat) and do them.

Key wordsשָׁמַר shamar to keep

9The Spirit and Revelation

Claim 51"I prayed, and in a dream I received the answer that keeping the Torah is not it. Whatever I do not know, I can ask the Spirit to reveal directly."

What Scripture says

That God can speak through dreams is in Scripture.

Numbers 12:6 · YLV

And he said, "Hear now my words: if there is a prophet among you, I, YHWH, make myself known to him in a vision, in a dream I speak with him.

Key wordsשָׁמַע shama to hear

But Scripture has set a test for the one who receives dreams and revelations, and the test is the written word. The Torah says that even a dream whose sign comes true must not be heard if it leads away from the commandments; Jeremiah divides dreams from the word of God as chaff from wheat; and Isaiah says that if they do not speak according to this word there is no dawn for them. The apostles say the same.

Deuteronomy 13:1-4 · YLV

(1) Every word which I command (tzivvah) you, it you shall keep to do; you shall not add to it, nor diminish from it. (2) If there arise in your midst a prophet, or a dreamer of a dream, and he gives to you a sign (ot) or a wonder (mofet), (3) and the sign (ot) or the wonder (mofet) comes to pass, of which he spoke to you, saying, "Let us go after other gods which you have not known, and let us serve (avad) them"; (4) you shall not hearken to the words of that prophet, or to that dreamer of the dream; for YHWH your God is testing you, to know whether you love YHWH your God with all your heart and with all your soul (nephesh).

Key wordsקוּם qum to stand, establishשָׁמַע shama to hearנָבִיא nabi prophet

Jeremiah 23:28 · YLV

The prophet who has a dream, let him tell a dream; and he who has my word, let him speak my word in truth. What has the straw to do with the grain? declares YHWH.

Key wordsחֲלוֹם chalom dreamסָפַר saphar to count, recount, relateאֶמֶת emeth firmness, faithfulness, truth

Isaiah 8:20 · YLV

To the Torah and to the testimony (edut)! If they do not speak according to this word, it is one for which there is no dawn.

Key wordsשַׁחַר shachar dawn

1 John 4:1 · YLV

Beloved, do not believe every pneuma(spirit), but test the pneumata(spirits) to see whether they are from God, because many false prophets have gone out into the world.

Key wordsπνεῦμα pneuma spiritδοκιμάζω dokimazo to test, examine, prove, scrutiniseπιστεύω pisteuo to believe

Galatians 1:8 · YLV

But even if we, or an angel from heaven, should proclaim to you a good news contrary to what we have proclaimed to you, he is to be anathema(accursed)!

Key wordsἄγγελος angelos a messenger, envoy, one who is sent, an angelοὐρανός ouranos heaven, skyεὐαγγελίζω euangelizo to bring good news

If a person's dream or direct revelation leads in a direction that defies Scripture, it is dangerous. From the moment a dream stands above Scripture, it is no longer Scripture judging the dream but the dream judging Scripture. The Spirit does not give answers that contradict the word he himself caused to be written. What the Spirit does is teach the written word and bring it to remembrance.

John 14:26 · YLV

But the Parakletos(the One who comes alongside to call), the hagio(holy) pneuma(spirit), whom the Father will send in My name, He will teach you all things and bring to your remembrance all that I said to you.

Key wordsπαράκλητος parakletos advocate, one called alongsideπνεῦμα pneuma spiritπέμπω pempo to send

Peter shows who settles the meaning of a vision. Three times Peter saw a vision telling him to kill and eat unclean animals. But he did not read it as "now I may eat"; he read it as the meaning God had fixed: "call no man common." Even then, years after Yeshua rose and ascended, he had never eaten anything unclean.

Acts 10:14 · YLV

But Peter said, "By no means, Lord, for I have never eaten anything koinos(common, worldly) or akathartos(impure, unclean)."

Key wordsκοινός koinos common, profaneἀκάθαρτος akathartos not cleansed, uncleanφάγω phago to eat

Acts 10:28 · YLV

And he said to them, "You yourselves know how athemitos(lawless) it is for a man who is a Jew to associate with a foreigner or to visit him; and yet God has shown me that I should not call any man koinos(common, worldly) or akathartos(impure, unclean).

Key wordsἀθέμιτος athemitos contrary to law and justiceκοινός koinos common, profaneἀκάθαρτος akathartos not cleansed, unclean

The meaning of a vision is settled not by the first impression but by God's interpretation and by Scripture. So an answer received in a dream, and a text received on waking from a dream, must be read not by the impression the dream gave but by the verses before and after that text. Examining Scripture is not a waste of time. The Bereans checked even what an apostle preached against Scripture every day, and Scripture calls that "open-minded."

Acts 17:11 · YLV

Now these were more noble-minded than those in Thessalonica, for they received the logos(word) with great eagerness, examining the graphe(written-scripture)s daily to see whether these things were so.

Key wordsγραφή graphe Scripture, what is writtenΘεσσαλονίκη Thessalonike Thessalonicaδέχομαι dechomai to take with the hand

Proverbs 28:9 · YLV

He who turns away his ear from hearing Torah, even his prayer is an abomination.

Key wordsסוּר sur to turn aside, departתּוֹרָה torah Torah, instructionתּוֹעֵבַה toebah a disgusting thing, abomination, abominable

Claim 52"Even after believing in Jesus and receiving the Spirit, God's commandments are too hard to keep in full."

What Scripture says

Nowhere in the Old or New Testament is there a verse saying "they believed and received the Spirit, but the commandments became too hard and they could not keep them." The only verses there are say the opposite. First, about the commandments themselves, the Torah, Yeshua and John say the same thing.

Deuteronomy 30:11-14 · YLV

(11) For this commandment (mitzvah) which I am commanding you (tzivvah) this day, it is not too wonderful for you, nor is it far off. (12) It is not in the heavens, saying: 'Who will go up for us to the heavens, and take it for us, and make us hear it, that we may do it?' (13) And it is not beyond the sea, saying: 'Who will pass over for us to beyond the sea, and take it for us, and make us hear it, that we may do it?' (14) But the word is very near to you, in your mouth and in your heart, to do it.

Key wordsעָלָה alah to go up, ascend, climbעָבַר abar to pass over or by or through, alienateפָּלָא pala to be too hard, wonderful

Matthew 11:28-30 · YLV

(28) Come to Me, all who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest. (29) Take My yoke upon you and learn from Me, for I am meek and lowly in kardia(heart, soul-domain), and you will find rest for your psyche(souls). (30) For My yoke is easy and My burden is light."

Key wordsκαρδία kardia heartψυχή psyche soulδεῦτε deute come hither, come here, come

1 John 5:3-4 · YLV

(3) For this is the love of God — that we keep His commandments; and His commandments are not burdensome. (4) For everyone who has been born of God overcomes the world; and this is the victory that has overcome the world — our faith.

Key wordsγεννάω gennao to beget, be bornἀγάπη agape loveνικάω nikao to overcome

Next, God himself said what the Spirit is given for: to make us keep the commandments.

Ezekiel 36:26-27 · YLV

(26) And I will give you a new heart, and a new spirit (ruach) I will put within you; and I will remove the heart of stone out of your flesh (basar), and I will give you a heart of flesh (basar). (27) And my spirit (ruach) I will put within you, and I will cause you to walk in my statutes (chuqqim), and you shall keep my judgments (mishpat) and do them.

Key wordsלֵב leb heartשָׁמַר shamar to keepבָּשָׂר basar flesh

Romans 8:3-4 · YLV

(3) For what was impossible for the nomos(law) — in that it was weak through the sarx(flesh) — God, by sending His own Son in the likeness of sinful sarx(flesh) and concerning sin, katakrino(condemned) sin in the sarx(flesh), (4) so that the dikaioma(ordinance) of the nomos(law) might be fulfilled in us who do not walk according to the sarx(flesh) but according to the pneuma(spirit).

Key wordsδικαίωμα dikaioma righteous act, ordinance carried outνόμος nomos lawσάρξ sarx flesh

Philippians 2:13 · YLV

for it is God who is at work in you, both to will and to work for His good pleasure.

Key wordsἐνεργέω energeo to be operative, be at work, put forth powerθέλω thelo to will, have in mind, intendεὐδοκία eudokia will, choice

1 Corinthians 10:13 · YLV

No temptation has overtaken you but what is human; and God is faithful, who will not allow you to be tempted beyond what you are able, but with the temptation will provide the way of escape also, so that you will be able to endure it.

Key wordsπειρασμός peirasmos temptation, testingλαμβάνω lambano to receiveἐάω eao to allow, permit, let

"The flesh cannot keep them on its own" is true; Romans 8:3 says so. But the same verse goes on to say "God did it," and 8:4 says the requirement of the law "is fulfilled" in those who walk by the Spirit. Having received the Spirit and being unable to keep the commandments cannot both be true of the same person. That is why Paul said that without the Spirit one is not his, and John said that one born of God cannot go on sinning.

Romans 8:9 · YLV

But you are not in the sarx(flesh) but in the pneuma(spirit), if indeed the pneuma(spirit) of God dwells in you; but if anyone does not have the pneuma(spirit) of Messiah(Christ), this one does not belong to Him.

Key wordsσάρξ sarx fleshπνεῦμα pneuma spiritοἰκέω oikeo to dwell in

1 John 3:9 · YLV

No one born of God makes a practice of sinning, because God's seed abides in him; and he cannot keep on sinning, because he has been born of God.

Key wordsγεννάω gennao to beget, be bornἁμαρτία hamartia sinσπέρμα sperma seed

Some cite Romans 7, "the good I want I do not do." But Paul ends that lament at 7:24, writes the answer in 7:25, and all of chapter 8 unfolds that answer. To read the lament of chapter 7 as the lifelong state of a Spirit-filled person is to erase the answer Paul wrote in the very next verse.

Romans 7:24-25 · YLV

(24) Wretched man that I am! Who will rescue me from this body of death? (25) I give thanks to God through Yeshua(Jesus) Messiah(Christ) our Lord! So then, I myself with my nous(intellect, spiritual domain) serve the nomos(law) of God, but with my sarx(flesh) the nomos(law) of sin.

Key wordsνοῦς nous the mindνόμος nomos lawσάρξ sarx flesh

And Scripture records people who actually lived that way.

Luke 1:6 · YLV

They were both righteous before God, walking blamelessly in all the commandments and dikaioma(ordinances) of the Lord.

Key wordsδικαίωμα dikaioma righteous act, ordinance carried outπορεύομαι poreuomai to lead over, carry over, transferἐντολή entole commandment

"Too hard, so we cannot keep them" is not what Scripture says; it is what is said after the work of the Spirit has been swapped for human strength. Scripture answers with "you can do it" (Deuteronomy 30:14) and "his commandments are not burdensome" (1 John 5:3).

10The Teaching of the Antichrist

Claim 53"Calling it antichrist to teach that the commandments cannot be kept goes too far. The antichrist is simply one who denies that Jesus is the Christ."

What Scripture says

The one who defined the antichrist is John, and his definition begins with the question "Who is the liar?"

1 John 2:22 · YLV

Who is the liar but the one who denies that Yeshua(Jesus) is the Messiah(Christ)? This is the antichristos(anti-anointed-one) — the one who denies the Father and the Son.

Key wordsἀντίχριστος antichristos the adversary of the Messiahψεύστης pseustes liarἀρνέομαι arneomai to deny

Then we must see whom John calls "the liar" in the same letter. He uses the word three more times, and all three times it is "one who says but does not do."

1 John 1:6 · YLV

If we say we have koinonia(fellowship) with Him while we walk in the darkness, we lie and do not practice the aletheia(truth).

Key wordsκοινωνία koinonia fellowship, association, community, communionπεριπατέω peripateo to walk, conduct oneselfἀλήθεια aletheia truth

1 John 2:4 · YLV

Whoever says "I know Him" but does not keep His commandments is a liar, and the aletheia(truth) is not in such a person.

Key wordsἀλήθεια aletheia truthγινώσκω ginosko to knowἐντολή entole commandment

1 John 4:20 · YLV

If anyone says, "I love God," and hates his brother, he is a liar; for he who does not love his brother whom he has seen cannot love God whom he has not seen.

Key wordsἀγαπάω agapao to loveἀδελφός adelphos a brotherμισέω miseo to hate

So for John, "denying that Jesus is the Christ" is not only saying with the mouth "Jesus is not the Christ." Saying "I know him" while not keeping his commandments is what John calls denial and a lie. Paul says the same.

Titus 1:16 · YLV

They profess to know God, but by their deeds they deny Him, being detestable and disobedient and adokimoi(unapproved, unverified) for any good deed.

Key wordsὁμολογέω homologeo to confess, declareἔργον ergon work, deedἀρνέομαι arneomai to deny

We must also see the name Scripture gives to that man of the last days: "the man of anomia (Torah-lessness)." His name is what he does.

2 Thessalonians 2:3-4 · YLV

(3) Let no one in any way deceive you, for it will not come unless the apostasia(falling-away) comes first, and the man of sin is revealed, the son of destruction, (4) who opposes and exalts himself above every so-called god or object of worship, so that he takes his seat in the temple of God, displaying himself as being God.

Key wordsἀποστασία apostasia a falling away, defection, apostasyναός naos sanctuary, templeἀντίκειμαι antikeimai to be set over against, opposite to

2 Thessalonians 2:7-8 · YLV

(7) For the mystery of anomia(lawlessness) is already at work; only he who now restrains will do so until he is taken out of the way. (8) Then that lawless one will be revealed whom the Lord will slay with the breath of His mouth and bring to an end by the appearance of His parousia(presence-coming);

Key wordsμυστήριον mysterion hidden thing, secret, mysteryἀνομία anomia lawlessness, Torah-lessnessἐπιφάνεια epiphaneia an appearing, appearance

And those whom Yeshua drives out on the last day are called by the same word. They are not people who denied Jesus; they are the ones who said "Lord, Lord."

Matthew 7:21-23 · YLV

(21) Not everyone who says to Me, 'Lord, Lord,' will enter the kingdom of the heavens, but the one who does the thelema(will) of My Father who is in the heavens. (22) Many will say to Me on that day: 'Lord, Lord, did we not prophesy in Your name, and in Your name cast out demon(individual evil spirits to be expelled)s, and in Your name perform many dynamis(miracles, power)?' (23) And then I will declare to them: 'I never knew you — depart from Me, you who work the anomia(Torah-lessness).'

Key wordsβασιλεία basileia kingdom, the king's ruleἀνομία anomia lawlessness, Torah-lessnessδύναμις dynamis power

1 John 3:7-8 · YLV

(7) Little children, let no one deceive you; the one who practices dikaiosyne(righteousness) is righteous, as He is righteous. (8) Whoever makes a practice of sinning is of the diabolos(devil, accuser, slanderer), because the diabolos(devil, accuser, slanderer) has been sinning from the beginning; the Son of God appeared for this purpose — to destroy the works of the diabolos(devil, accuser, slanderer).

Key wordsδικαιοσύνη dikaiosyne righteousnessδιάβολος diabolos slanderer, accuserτεκνίον teknion a little child

This study puts no label on any person. It only reads the names the text itself has given. The one who says "I know him" and does not keep the commandments is a liar (1 John 2:4); the liar is the antichrist (1 John 2:22); the man of the last days is the man of Torah-lessness (2 Thessalonians 2:3); those driven out are the ones who practice Torah-lessness (Matthew 7:23). Which side the teaching "the commandments cannot be kept anyway, so you need not keep them" stands on is settled by these four verses.

Claim 54"Love means gently embracing even those who teach wrongly. Correcting them forcefully is pride, not love."

What Scripture says

First, God's love has two places. There is the love that came to us first while we were sinners (justification), and the love that the person who received it lives by (sanctification).

Romans 5:8 · YLV

but God demonstrates His own agape(love) toward us in that while we were still sinners, Messiah(Christ) died for us.

Key wordsἀγάπη agape loveσυνιστάω synistao to place together, to set in the same placeἀποθνήσκω apothnesko to die

1 John 4:19 · YLV

We love because He first loved us.

Key wordsἀγαπάω agapao to loveπρῶτος protos first in time or place

What that later love is, Paul wrote in 1 Corinthians 13, and verse 6 of it is the answer to this claim.

1 Corinthians 13:4-7 · YLV

(4) Agape(love) is patient, agape(love) is kind and is not jealous; agape(love) does not brag and is not arrogant, (5) does not act unbecomingly; it does not seek its own, is not provoked, does not take into account a wrong suffered, (6) does not rejoice in unrighteousness, but rejoices with the aletheia(truth); (7) bears all things, believes all things, elpis(hope)s all things, endures all things.

Key wordsἀγάπη agape loveἀλήθεια aletheia truthἀσχημονέω aschemoneo to act unbecomingly

Romans 12:9 · YLV

Agape(Love) without hypocrisy — abhorring what is evil, holding fast to what is good;

Key wordsἀγάπη agape loveἀποστυγέω apostygeo to dislike, abhor, have a horror ofκολλάω kollao to glue, to glue together, cement

Love "rejoices with the truth" and "abhors what is evil." To see wrong teaching and cover it over as "let it be" is not love rejoicing with the truth; it is sitting down with injustice. And if we look at where the commandment "love your neighbor as yourself" first appears, that commandment stands in the same sentence as rebuke.

Leviticus 19:17-18 · YLV

(17) You shall not hate your brother in your heart; you shall surely reprove your fellow, and you shall not bear sin because of him. (18) You shall not avenge, and you shall not bear a grudge against the sons of your people, and you shall love your neighbor as yourself; I am YHWH.

Key wordsשָׂנֵא sane to hate, be hatefulנָקַם naqam to avenge, take vengeance, revengeנָטַר natar to keep, keep guard, reserve, maintain

The Torah calls not rebuking a form of hatred, and places rebuke inside the commandment of love. Proverbs, Revelation, Paul and Titus say the same.

Proverbs 27:5-6 · YLV

(5) Better is open rebuke than hidden love. (6) Faithful are the wounds of one who loves, but profuse are the kisses of one who hates.

Key wordsאָמַן aman to believeתּוֹכֵחָה tokechah rebuke, correction, reproof, punishmentפֶּצַע petsa bruise, wound

Revelation 3:19 · YLV

Those whom I phileo(love) I rebuke and discipline; so be zealous and metanoeson(repent, spiritual domain).

Key wordsφιλέω phileo to loveἐλέγχω elencho to convict, refute, confuteπαιδεύω paideuo to train, discipline

Galatians 2:11-14 · YLV

(11) But when Cephas came to Antioch, I opposed him to his face, because he stood condemned. (12) For prior to the coming of certain men from James, he used to eat with the nations; but when they came, he began to withdraw and hold himself aloof, fearing the party of the circumcision. (13) The rest of the Jews joined him in hypocrisy, with the result that even Barnabas was carried away by their hypocrisy. (14) But when I saw that they were not straightforward about the aletheia(truth) of the good news, I said to Cephas in front of all, "If you, being a Jew, live like the nations and not like the Jews, how is it that you compel the nations to live like Jews?"

Key wordsἀλήθεια aletheia truthσυνυποκρίνομαι synypokrinomai to dissemble withΠέτρος Petros Peter

Titus 1:13 · YLV

This testimony is true. For this reason reprove them severely so that they may be sound in the faith,

Key wordsμαρτυρία martyria testimonyαἰτία aitia cause, ground for a chargeἐλέγχω elencho to convict, refute, confute

2 Timothy 4:2 · YLV

preach the logos(word); be ready in season and out of season; reprove, rebuke, exhort, with great patience and instruction.

Key wordsλόγος logos wordκηρύσσω kerysso to proclaimἐφίστημι ephistemi to place at, place upon, place over

By contrast, Scripture has a name for "gently covering over": whitewash.

Jeremiah 6:14 · YLV

And they have healed the breach of my people lightly, saying, Peace, peace; when there is no peace.

Key wordsשֶׁבֶר sheber breaking, fracture, crushing, breach, crashקָלַל qalal to be slight, be swift, be triflingשָׁלוֹם shalom completeness, soundness, welfare, peace

Ezekiel 13:10 · YLV

Because, yes because, they have led my people astray, saying, 'Peace,' when there is no peace; and when one builds a partition, behold, they daub it with whitewash;

Key wordsטָעָה taah to wander, stray, wander astray, errשָׁלוֹם shalom completeness, soundness, welfare, peaceבָּנָה banah to build, rebuild, establish

Isaiah 30:10 · YLV

who say to the seers, "You shall not see," and to the visionaries, "You shall not envision for us right things; speak to us smooth things, envision illusions;

Key wordsחָזָה chazah to see, perceive, look, behold, prophesyמַהֲתַלָּה mahathallah deceptions, illusionsנְכֹחָה nekochah straight in front, be in front of, straight

Ezekiel 33:8 · YLV

When I say to the wicked, O wicked one, you shall surely die; and you do not speak to warn the wicked from his way — he, the wicked, shall die in his iniquity, but his blood from your hand I will require.

Key wordsמוּת muth to die, kill, have one executedבָּקַשׁ baqash to seek, require, desire, exact, requestרָשָׁע rasha wicked, criminal

There is the word "instruct with gentleness" (2 Timothy 2:24-25). We receive that word as it stands. But biblical gentleness is not making the truth soft. Moses, the very man recorded as more gentle than anyone on earth, shattered the tablets before the golden calf; and Yeshua, who said "I am gentle," said "you brood of vipers." Gentleness is not fighting for oneself; it is not staying quiet while the word of God is trampled.

VerseYLVNote
2 Timothy 2:24-25(24) The Lord's bond-servant must not be quarrelsome, but be kind to all, able to teach, patient when wronged, (25) with gentleness correcting those who are in opposition, if perhaps God may grant them metanoia(repentance, spiritual domain) leading to the epignosis(spiritual, complete knowledge) of aletheia(truth),μετάνοια metanoia(repentance, a turning of mind and direction) · ἐπίγνωσις epignosis(full knowledge)
2 Timothy 2:24-25 · YLV

(24) The Lord's bond-servant must not be quarrelsome, but be kind to all, able to teach, patient when wronged, (25) with gentleness correcting those who are in opposition, if perhaps God may grant them metanoia(repentance, spiritual domain) leading to the epignosis(spiritual, complete knowledge) of aletheia(truth),

Key wordsμετάνοια metanoia repentance, a turning of mind and directionἐπίγνωσις epignosis full knowledgeἀλήθεια aletheia truth

Numbers 12:3 · YLV

And the man (ish) Moses was very humble, more than all the men (adam) who were upon the face of the ground (adamah).

Key wordsעָנָו anav poor, humble

Exodus 32:19 · YLV

And it came to pass, as he drew near to the camp, that he saw the calf and the dances; and Moses' anger burned, and he cast the tablets from his hands, and broke them beneath the mountain.

Key wordsקָרַב qarab to come near, approach, enter into, draw near

Matthew 11:29 · YLV

Take My yoke upon you and learn from Me, for I am meek and lowly in kardia(heart, soul-domain), and you will find rest for your psyche(souls).

Key wordsκαρδία kardia heartψυχή psyche soulαἴρω airo to raise up, elevate, lift up

Matthew 23:33 · YLV

You serpents, you brood of vipers, how will you escape the krisis(judgment) of Gehenna(valley of Hinnom, place of fiery judgment)?

Key wordsκρίσις krisis a separating, sundering, separationὄφις ophis snake, serpentγέννημα gennema that which has been born or begotten

Paul knew his letter had grieved the church in Corinth, yet he did not regret it, because that grief produced repentance.

2 Corinthians 7:8-10 · YLV

(8) For though I caused you sorrow by my letter, metamélomai(do not regret, soul-domain); though metemeloméen(did regret, soul-domain) — for I see that that letter caused you sorrow, though only for a while — (9) I now rejoice, not that you were made sorrowful, but that you were made sorrowful to the point of metanoia(repentance, spiritual domain); for you were made sorrowful according to God, so that you might not suffer loss in anything through us. (10) For the sorrow that is according to God produces a metanoia(repentance, spiritual domain) that is ametameleton(without-regret, soul-domain), leading to Salvation, but the sorrow of the world produces death.

Key wordsμετάνοια metanoia repentance, a turning of mind and directionμεταμέλλομαι metamellomai it is a care to one afterwardsἀμεταμέλητος ametameletos not repentant of, unregretted

"Does not boast" (1 Corinthians 13:4) must also be read by what the word means. What Paul forbade is boasting that builds up oneself. The same Paul spoke of boasting on the day of the Lord, and said "let him who boasts boast in the Lord."

2 Corinthians 1:14 · YLV

just as you also partially acknowledged us, that we are your boast as you also are ours in the day of our Lord Yeshua(Jesus).

Key wordsἐπιγινώσκω epiginosko to know fully, recognizeμέρος meros a partκαύχημα kauchema that of which one glories or can glory

Philippians 2:16 · YLV

holding fast the logos(word) of zoe(life), so that in the day of Messiah(Christ) I will have reason to glory because I did not run in vain nor toil in vain.

Key wordsλόγος logos wordζωή zoe lifeἐπέχω epecho to have or hold upon, apply, to observe

1 Thessalonians 2:19-20 · YLV

(19) For who is our elpis(hope) or joy or crown of boasting? Is it not even you, in the presence of our Lord Yeshua(Jesus) at His parousia(presence-coming)? (20) For you are our glory and joy.

Key wordsἐλπίς elpis expectation of evil, fearστέφανος stephanos a crownπαρουσία parousia presence

2 Corinthians 10:17 · YLV

But he who boasts is to boast in the Lord.

Key wordsκαυχάομαι kauchaomai to boast

Pride, too, Scripture has defined. It does not mean a strong tone. Departing from the commandments is pride.

Deuteronomy 8:11-14 · YLV

(11) Beware lest you forget YHWH your God, in not keeping His commandments (mitzvah) and His judgments (mishpat) and His statutes (chuqqot), which I am commanding you (tzivvah) this day; (12) Lest you eat and be satisfied, and build good houses and dwell in them, (13) And your herd and your flock multiply, and silver and gold multiply for you, and all that you have multiplies, (14) And your heart be lifted up, and you forget YHWH your God, who brought you out from the land of Egypt, from the house of slaves;

Key wordsשָׁמַר shamar to keepאָכַל akal to eat, devour, burn up, feedשָׁכַח shakach to forget, ignore, wither

Psalm 119:21 · YLV

You have rebuked the insolent, the cursed, who stray from your commandments (mitzvot).

Key wordsגָּעַר gaar you rebukeאָרַר arar to curseזֵד zed arrogant, proud, insolent, presumptuous

Therefore correcting wrong teaching firmly is not pride but the commandment of Leviticus 19:17, and seeing it yet gently covering it over is not love but the whitewash of Jeremiah 6:14. Love is rejoicing with the truth (1 Corinthians 13:6), and what love is has been defined as keeping the commandments (1 John 5:3).

VerseYLVNote
1 John 5:3For this is the love of God — that we keep His commandments; and His commandments are not burdensome.ἀγάπη agape(love) · ἐντολή entole(commandment)

Claim 55"If you only believe in Jesus, you need not keep the commandments or the Torah. You need not even know the Old Testament."

What Scripture says

This is not a word that makes people comfortable; it is a word that places them on the side driven out on the last day. So this question is answered from the New Testament alone, with no Old Testament at all. Half of it is what Yeshua himself said.

Matthew 7:21-23 · YLV

(21) Not everyone who says to Me, 'Lord, Lord,' will enter the kingdom of the heavens, but the one who does the thelema(will) of My Father who is in the heavens. (22) Many will say to Me on that day: 'Lord, Lord, did we not prophesy in Your name, and in Your name cast out demon(individual evil spirits to be expelled)s, and in Your name perform many dynamis(miracles, power)?' (23) And then I will declare to them: 'I never knew you — depart from Me, you who work the anomia(Torah-lessness).'

Key wordsβασιλεία basileia kingdom, the king's ruleἀνομία anomia lawlessness, Torah-lessnessδύναμις dynamis power

Luke 13:26-27 · YLV

(26) Then you will begin to say, 'We ate and drank in Your presence, and You taught in our streets.' (27) And He will say, 'I tell you, I do not know where you are from; depart from Me, all you workers of anomia(Torah-lessness).'"

Key wordsἄρχομαι archomai to be the first to doἔρω ereo to utter, speak, sayφάγω phago to eat

Matthew 13:41-42 · YLV

(41) The Son of Man will send forth His angels, and they will gather out of His kingdom all skandalon(stumbling-blocks) and those who work anomia(Torah-lessness), (42) and will throw them into the furnace of fire — in that place there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.

Key wordsβασιλεία basileia kingdom, the king's ruleἀνομία anomia lawlessness, Torah-lessnessἀποστέλλω apostello to order

Matthew 5:19 · YLV

Whoever then breaks one of the least of these commandments and teaches others to do the same will be called least in the kingdom of the heavens; but whoever keeps and teaches them will be called great in the kingdom of the heavens.

Key wordsβασιλεία basileia kingdom, the king's ruleλύω lyo to loose, destroyἐντολή entole commandment

John 14:15 · YLV

If you agapao(love) Me, you will keep My commandments.

Key wordsἀγαπάω agapao to loveἐντολή entole commandmentτηρέω tereo to keep

John 12:48 · YLV

He who rejects Me and does not receive My rhema(spoken-words), has one who krino(judges) him; the logos(word) I spoke is what will krino(judge) him at the last day.

Key wordsῥήμα rhema spoken wordκρίνω krino to judge, decideλόγος logos word

The reason for being driven out is a single word: anomia, "Torah-lessness," "no law." The common Korean version renders it "lawlessness," and the word "law" is inside it. "You need not keep the commandments" is that very word. The apostles say the same.

1 John 3:4 · YLV

Everyone who practices sin also practices anomia(Torah-lessness); sin is anomia(Torah-lessness).

Key wordsἀνομία anomia lawlessness, Torah-lessnessἁμαρτία hamartia sin

1 John 2:4 · YLV

Whoever says "I know Him" but does not keep His commandments is a liar, and the aletheia(truth) is not in such a person.

Key wordsἀλήθεια aletheia truthγινώσκω ginosko to knowἐντολή entole commandment

1 John 5:3 · YLV

For this is the love of God — that we keep His commandments; and His commandments are not burdensome.

Key wordsἀγάπη agape loveἐντολή entole commandmentτηρέω tereo to keep

Romans 6:1-2 · YLV

(1) What then shall we say? Are we to continue in sin so that charis(grace) may increase? (2) May it never be! We who died to sin — how shall we still live in it?

Key wordsἔρω ereo to utter, speak, sayἐπιμένω epimeno to continue, remain onἀποθνήσκω apothnesko to die

Titus 2:11-12 · YLV

(11) For the charis(grace) of God has appeared, bringing Salvation to all men, (12) instructing us to deny ungodliness and worldly epithymiai(lusts, desires, strong cravings) and to live sensibly, righteously and godly in the present age,

Key wordsἐπιθυμία epithymia strong desireἐπιφαίνω epiphaino to show to or uponπαιδεύω paideuo to train, discipline

1 Corinthians 6:9-10 · YLV

(9) Or do you not know that the unrighteous will not inherit the kingdom of God? Do not be deceived: neither the sexually immoral, nor idolaters, nor adulterers, nor the soft ones, nor males who lie with males, (10) nor thieves, nor the greedy, nor drunkards, nor revilers, nor swindlers will inherit the kingdom of God.

Key wordsβασιλεία basileia kingdom, the king's ruleπλεονέκτης pleonektes greedy personκλέπτης kleptes an embezzler, pilferer

Hebrews 10:26-27 · YLV

(26) For if we go on sinning deliberately after receiving the epignosis(spiritual, complete knowledge) of aletheia(truth), there no longer remains a sacrifice for sins, (27) but a terrifying expectation of krisis(judgment), and a fury of fire that will consume the adversaries.

Key wordsκρίσις krisis a separating, sundering, separationἐπίγνωσις epignosis full knowledgeἀλήθεια aletheia truth

James 2:17 · YLV

So also faith, if it does not have works, is dead in itself.

Key wordsπίστις pistis faithἔργον ergon work, deedνεκρός nekros dead

The last book of Scripture calls the saints of the last days "those who keep the commandments of God," and it calls those who enter the city the same.

Revelation 12:17 · YLV

And the dragon was angry with the woman and went off to make war with the rest of her offspring — those who keep the commandments of God and hold the testimony of Yeshua(Jesus).

Key wordsὀργίζω orgizo to provoke, to arouse to angerδράκων drakon a dragon, a great serpent, a name for Satanγυνή gyne a woman of any age

Revelation 14:12 · YLV

Here is the steadfast endurance of the holy ones — those who keep the commandments of God and the faith of Yeshua(Jesus).

Key wordsὑπομονή hypomone enduranceπίστις pistis faithτηρέω tereo to keep

Revelation 22:14-15 · YLV

(14) Blessed are those who do His commandments, so that their exousia(authority) will be over the tree of zoe(life) and they may enter through the gates into the city. (15) Outside are the dogs and those practicing pharmakeia(sorcery, poisoning) and the sexually immoral and the murderers and the idolaters and everyone loving and practicing falsehood.

Key wordsἐξουσία exousia authorityζωή zoe lifeκύων kyon a dog

That we are saved by grace is true. But what the New Testament says to the person saved by grace is not "now the commandments do not matter" but "therefore do not remain in sin" (Romans 6:2). A Christ who says "if you only believe in me you need not keep the commandments" is not the Christ who said "if you love me, keep my commandments." Setting another Christ in his place is what John called antichrist (1 John 2:22). Whoever receives that teaching ends up on the side that hears "depart from me" on the last day. That is why it is frightening.

VerseYLVNote
1 John 2:22Who is the liar but the one who denies that Yeshua(Jesus) is the Messiah(Christ)? This is the antichristos(anti-anointed-one) — the one who denies the Father and the Son.ἀντίχριστος antichristos(the adversary of the Messiah) · ψεύστης pseustes(liar)

How the Old Testament says the same thing is in question 48; whether a person who has received the Spirit can keep the commandments is in 52; and why the name "antichrist" applies is in 53.

11The Texts That Say "Abolished"

Claim 56"Christ abolished the law of commandments in ordinances (Ephesians 2:15). The law ended at the cross."

What Scripture says

Here is the text with the verses around it.

Ephesians 2:14-16 · YLV

(14) For He Himself is our eirene(peace), who made both groups into one and broke down the barrier of the dividing wall, (15) by abolishing in His sarx(flesh) the enmity, which is the nomos(law) of commandments contained in dogmata(decrees), so that in Himself He might make the two into one new man, thus establishing eirene(peace), (16) and might reconcile them both in one body to God through the stauros(cross), by it having put to death the enmity.

Key wordsσάρξ sarx fleshνόμος nomos lawδόγμα dogma doctrine, decree, ordinance

The word attached to what was abolished is "having become dogmata (decrees)." In the New Testament, dogma is the word for a command issued by men. The emperor's edict is a dogma, and the decision of the Jerusalem council is a dogma. Nowhere does the New Testament call God's Torah a dogma.

Luke 2:1 · YLV

Now in those days a decree went out from Caesar Augustus that all the inhabited world should be registered.

Key wordsδόγμα dogma doctrine, decree, ordinanceἀπογράφω apographo to write off, copyἡμέρα hemera day

Acts 16:4 · YLV

Now while they were passing through the cities, they were delivering the decrees that had been krino(decided) upon by the apostles and elders who were in Jerusalem, for them to observe.

Key wordsδόγμα dogma doctrine, decree, ordinanceκρίνω krino to judge, decideδιαπορεύομαι diaporeuomai to cause to pass through a place

And the purpose of the abolishing was "to make the two one," to break down "the middle wall of partition" between Jew and Gentile. The wall that fell was the human regulation that kept Gentiles outside the people of God. If God's commandments had fallen, the same letter could not continue like this.

Ephesians 2:19-20 · YLV

(19) So then you are no longer strangers and aliens, but you are fellow citizens with the hagioi(holy ones), and are of God's household, (20) having been built on the foundation of the apostles and prophets, Messiah(Christ) Yeshua(Jesus) Himself being the corner stone,

Key wordsἐποικοδομέω epoikodomeo to build upon, build upθεμέλιος themelios laid down as a foundation, the foundationἀπόστολος apostolos a delegate, messenger

Ephesians 6:1-3 · YLV

(1) Children, obey your parents in the Lord, for this is right. (2) "Honor your father and mother" — which is the first commandment with a promise — (3) "so that it may be well with you, and that you may live long on the earth."

Key wordsτιμάω timao to estimate, fix the valueτέκνον teknon childὑπακούω hypakouo to listen, to harken

The Paul who wrote in chapter 2 that the law of commandments was abolished quotes the fifth of the Ten Commandments word for word to the same Ephesian church in chapter 6 and calls it "the first commandment with a promise." If what was abolished had been God's commandment, Paul would be commanding four chapters later what he had abolished. What was abolished was the decree of men; what remains is the commandment of God.

Romans 3:31 · YLV

Do we then nullify the nomos(law) through faith? May it never be! On the contrary, we uphold the nomos(law).

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawκαταργέω katargeo to nullify, render powerlessπίστις pistis faith

Claim 57"He nailed to the cross the written code that stood against us (Colossians 2:14). What was nailed there is the law."

What Scripture says

Colossians 2:13-15 · YLV

(13) When you were dead in your transgressions and the uncircumcision of your sarx(flesh), He made you alive together with Him, having forgiven us all our transgressions, (14) having cancelled out the certificate of debt consisting of decrees against us, which was hostile to us; and He has taken it out of the way, having nailed it to the stauros(cross). (15) When He had disarmed the rulers and exousiai(authorities), He made a parresia(public-display, boldness) of them, having triumphed over them through Him.

Key wordsχειρόγραφον cheirographon handwritten record of debtἐξουσία exousia authorityδόγμα dogma doctrine, decree, ordinance

What was nailed is called the "cheirographon," the handwriting, that is, the record of debt. The sentence right before it is "having forgiven us all our trespasses." What was wiped out is the record of debt against us, not the law. If the law had been nailed there, there would be no standard by which to define sin and nothing to forgive. And here too the record is called "consisting of dogmata," and a few verses later in the same chapter Paul says what those dogmata are.

Colossians 2:20-22 · YLV

(20) If you have died with Messiah(Christ) to the stoicheia(elementary principles) of the world, why, as if you were living in the world, do you submit yourself to decrees: (21) "Do not handle, do not taste, do not touch!" (22) (which all refer to things destined to perish with use) — in accordance with the commandments and teachings of men?

Key wordsστοιχεῖον stoicheion any first thingδογματίζω dogmatizo to decree, command, enjoinἀποθνήσκω apothnesko to die

"The commandments and teachings of men." That is exactly what Yeshua rebuked, quoting Isaiah.

Matthew 15:9 · YLV

But in vain do they worship Me, teaching as doctrines the commandments of men.'"

Key wordsσέβομαι sebomai to revere, to worshipδιδάσκω didasko to teachδιδασκαλία didaskalia teaching, instruction

What Paul says about God's law is different.

Romans 7:12 · YLV

So then, the nomos(law) is holy, and the commandment is holy and righteous and good.

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawἅγιος hagios holyἐντολή entole commandment

What was nailed to the cross is our record of debt and the decrees of men; what is holy, righteous and good was not nailed there.

Claim 58"Christ is the end of the law (Romans 10:4). The law ended in Christ."

What Scripture says

Romans 10:4 · YLV

For Messiah(Christ) is the telos(goal, completion) of the nomos(law) for dikaiosyne(righteousness) to everyone who believes.

Key wordsτέλος telos end, goalνόμος nomos lawδικαιοσύνη dikaiosyne righteousness

The word in this verse is telos. It can mean "end," but its first meaning is "goal, completion," and we can see how the same Paul used the same word.

1 Timothy 1:5 · YLV

But the goal of our instruction is agape(love) from a pure kardia(heart, soul-domain) and a good conscience and a sincere faith.

Key wordsἀγάπη agape loveκαρδία kardia heartτέλος telos end, goal

"The telos of the commandment is love." Not that the commandment ends in love, but that it aims at love. Romans 10:4 is the same. The one the law pointed to, the goal the law aimed at, is the Messiah. And from the very next verse Paul proves it with the words of the Torah itself.

Romans 10:5-8 · YLV

(5) For Moses writes concerning the dikaiosyne(righteousness) that is by the nomos(law): "The person who does these things shall live by them." (6) But the dikaiosyne(righteousness) that is by faith speaks thus: "Do not say in your kardia(heart, soul-domain), 'Who will ascend into heaven?'" — that is, to bring Messiah(Christ) down — (7) "or, 'Who will descend into the abyss?'" — that is, to bring Messiah(Christ) up from the dead. (8) But what does it say? "The rhema(spoken-word) is near you — in your mouth and in your kardia(heart, soul-domain)" — that is, the rhema(spoken-word) of faith which we proclaim:

Key wordsδικαιοσύνη dikaiosyne righteousnessῥήμα rhema spoken wordνόμος nomos law

To explain "the righteousness of faith," what Paul quotes is Deuteronomy 30:12-14, the Torah's own words: "this commandment is not too hard for you … you can do it." A man who says the law has ended does not explain faith with the words of the law. And Yeshua himself said what he came to do with the law.

VerseYLVNote
Deuteronomy 30:12-14(12) It is not in the heavens, saying: 'Who will go up for us to the heavens, and take it for us, and make us hear it, that we may do it?' (13) And it is not beyond the sea, saying: 'Who will pass over for us to beyond the sea, and take it for us, and make us hear it, that we may do it?' (14) But the word is very near to you, in your mouth and in your heart, to do it.עָלָה alah(to go up, ascend, climb) · עָבַר abar(to pass over or by or through, alienate)
Matthew 5:17-18 · YLV

(17) Do not think that I came to abolish the nomos(law) or the prophets — I did not come to abolish but to fulfill. (18) For truly I say to you, until heaven and earth pass away, not one iota(smallest Greek letter) or one keraia(stroke of a letter) will pass away from the nomos(law) until all things are accomplished.

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawἰῶτα iota iotaκεραία keraia stroke of a letter

Read as "end," it collides with this word; read as "goal," it says the same thing.

Claim 59"The law is not made for the righteous but for the lawless (1 Timothy 1:9). The person who has been justified has no need of the law."

What Scripture says

1 Timothy 1:8-11 · YLV

(8) But we know that the nomos(law) is good, if one uses it lawfully, (9) realizing the fact that nomos(law) is not made for a righteous person, but for those who are lawless and rebellious, for the ungodly and sinners, for the unholy and profane, for those who kill their fathers or mothers, for murderers (10) and sexually immoral persons and homosexuals and slave traders and liars and perjurers, and whatever else is contrary to sound teaching, (11) according to the glorious good news of the blessed God, with which I have been entrusted.

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawπόρνος pornos a man who prostitutes his body to another's lust for hireἀρσενοκοίτης arsenokoites one who lies with a male as with a female

Look at Paul's list. Those who strike father or mother, murderers, the sexually immoral, kidnappers (stealers of people), liars and perjurers. It is the order of the Ten Commandments: honor your parents, murder, adultery, theft, false witness. In this letter Paul shows what the law is by the Ten Commandments, says that the law is "good," and says it is "according to the gospel."

"Not laid down for the righteous" does not mean the righteous have no need of the law. It means the law is laid down against those who break it. The law "you shall not murder" stands against the murderer; it does not accuse the one who does not murder. The righteous person is not outside the law; he is the one the law has nothing to accuse. Paul says the same about rulers.

Romans 13:3-4 · YLV

(3) For rulers are not a fear to good works but to evil — do you want to have no fear of the exousia(authority)? Do what is good and you will have praise from it, (4) for it is a servant of God to you for good; but if you do evil, fear — for it does not bear the sword in vain, for it is a servant of God, an avenger for orge(wrath) to the one who practices evil.

Key wordsδιάκονος diakonos servant, ministerἐξουσία exousia authorityὀργή orge anger, the natural disposition, temper

Galatians 5:22-23 · YLV

(22) But the karpos(fruit) of the pneuma(spirit) is agape(love), joy, eirene(peace), patience, kindness, goodness, faith, (23) gentleness, self-control; against such things there is no nomos(law).

Key wordsπνεῦμα pneuma spiritἀγάπη agape loveνόμος nomos law

And the same Paul has settled who the righteous are.

Romans 2:13 · YLV

for it is not the hearers of the nomos(law) who are righteous before God, but the doers of the nomos(law) who will be justified.

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawἀκροατής akroates hearerποιητής poietes doer

Since the one who does the law is the righteous one, "the righteous have no need of the law" becomes "those who do the law have no need of the law," and collapses on itself. The last word the author of this letter left to Timothy is this.

2 Timothy 3:16 · YLV

All graphe(written-scripture) is God-breathed and profitable for teaching, for reproof, for correction, for paideia(training, discipline) in dikaiosyne(righteousness);

Key wordsγραφή graphe Scripture, what is writtenπαιδεία paideia the whole training and education of childrenδικαιοσύνη dikaiosyne righteousness

12Food, Sacrifice, Circumcision

Claim 60"Jesus declared all foods clean (Mark 7:19). Peter was told in a vision to kill and eat, and Paul said nothing is unclean in itself. The food laws are over."

What Scripture says

What the dispute in Mark 7 is about is settled by the first question.

Mark 7:5 · YLV

The Pharisees and the scribes asked Him: "Why do Your disciples not walk according to the tradition of the elders, but eat their bread with impure hands?"

Key wordsπεριπατέω peripateo to walk, conduct oneselfπαράδοσις paradosis traditionἐπερωτάω eperotao to ask, question

Mark 7:8-9 · YLV

(8) "Neglecting the commandment of God, you hold to the tradition of men — the washing of pitchers and cups and many other such things you do." (9) He was also saying to them: "You are experts at setting aside the commandment of God in order to keep your tradition.

Key wordsἀφίημι aphiemi to forgive, let goἐντολή entole commandmentἀθετέω atheteo to set aside, reject

The question was not pork but hand-washing, and hand-washing was not Torah but the tradition of the elders. Right there Yeshua rebukes them: "you set aside the commandment of God to keep the tradition of men." It is not a place where the Torah is erased; it is a place where the Torah is to be kept.

Mark 7:18-19 · YLV

(18) And He said to them: "Are you so lacking in understanding also? Do you not understand that whatever goes into the man from outside cannot defile him, (19) because it does not go into his kardia(heart, soul-domain) but into his stomach, and is eliminated?" — thus He declared all foods clean.

Key wordsκαρδία kardia heartεἰσπορεύομαι eisporeuomai to go into, enterνοιέω noieo to perceive with the mind, to understand

"All foods (bromata)" in the speech of Jews means what the Torah has set apart as food. Pork was not food to them. Matthew wrote the conclusion of this saying in one sentence.

Matthew 15:17-20 · YLV

(17) Do you not understand that everything that enters the mouth goes into the stomach and is eliminated? (18) But the things that proceed out of the mouth come from the kardia(heart, soul-domain), and those defile the person. (19) For out of the kardia(heart, soul-domain) come evil dialogismoi(reasoning, deliberations) — murders, adulteries, sexual immorality, thefts, false testimonies, blasphemies. (20) These are the things that defile the person, but to eat with unwashed hands does not defile the person."

Key wordsκαρδία kardia heartδιαλογισμός dialogismos the thinking of a man deliberating with himselfβλασφημία blasphemia slander, detraction, speech injurious

"Eating with unwashed hands does not defile a person." That is the conclusion. And what Peter, who heard this saying on the spot, was still doing years after Yeshua rose and ascended fixes the meaning of the verse.

Acts 10:14 · YLV

But Peter said, "By no means, Lord, for I have never eaten anything koinos(common, worldly) or akathartos(impure, unclean)."

Key wordsκοινός koinos common, profaneἀκάθαρτος akathartos not cleansed, uncleanφάγω phago to eat

Acts 10:15 · YLV

Again a voice came to him a second time, "What God has cleansed, no longer consider koinos(common, worldly)."

Key wordsφωνή phone a sound, a toneκαθαρίζω katharizo to cleanseκοινόω koinoo to make common

Acts 10:28 · YLV

And he said to them, "You yourselves know how athemitos(lawless) it is for a man who is a Jew to associate with a foreigner or to visit him; and yet God has shown me that I should not call any man koinos(common, worldly) or akathartos(impure, unclean).

Key wordsἀθέμιτος athemitos contrary to law and justiceκοινός koinos common, profaneἀκάθαρτος akathartos not cleansed, unclean

If Mark 7 had abolished the food laws, Peter could not have said "I have never eaten." And Peter himself interpreted the vision: not food, but people. Romans 14 uses the same word: "koinos (common)," not "akathartos (unclean)."

Romans 14:2 · YLV

One person believes he may eat all things, but the one who is weak eats only vegetables.

Key wordsπιστεύω pisteuo to believeφάγω phago to eatἀσθενέω astheneo to be weak, feeble, to be without strength

Romans 14:14 · YLV

I know and am persuaded in the Lord Yeshua(Jesus) that nothing is koinos(common, worldly) in itself, except to the one who considers anything to be koinos(common, worldly) — to that person it is koinos(common, worldly).

Key wordsκοινός koinos common, profaneπείθω peitho persuadeλογίζομαι logizomai to reckon, consider

The question of Romans 14 is meat or vegetables (meat that had been offered to idols), not pig or sheep. The Torah calls the pig "unclean (tame)," not "common." 1 Timothy 4 is the same.

1 Timothy 4:3-5 · YLV

(3) men who forbid marriage and advocate abstaining from foods which God has created to be gratefully shared in by those who believe and know the aletheia(truth). (4) For everything created by God is good, and nothing is to be rejected if it is received with gratitude; (5) for it is sanctified by means of the logos(word) of God and prayer.

Key wordsκτίσμα ktisma thing foundedλόγος logos wordἀλήθεια aletheia truth

"Sanctified through the word of God." The word that settled what counts as food is Leviticus 11. A prayer of thanks does not replace the word; what the word has set apart is received with thanks.

Leviticus 11:7 · YLV

And the swine, because it parts the hoof and is cleft, splitting the cleft, but it does not ruminate the cud, it is unclean to you.

Key wordsפָּרַס paras to divide, break in twoפַּרסָה parsah hoofשֶׁסַע shesa cleft, cloven, split

Leviticus 11:44-45 · YLV

(44) For I am YHWH your God; and you shall sanctify yourselves, and you shall be holy, for I am holy; and you shall not defile your souls (nephesh) with any swarming thing that creeps upon the earth. (45) For I am YHWH who brings you up from the land of Egypt, to be your God; and you shall be holy, for I am holy.

Key wordsטָמֵא tame to be unclean, become unclean, become impureקָדוֹשׁ qadosh sacred, holy, Holy One, saint, set apart

When Peter quoted "be holy, for I am holy" to the church (1 Peter 1:16), the place he quoted from is the very end of these food laws. And Isaiah wrote this about the last days.

VerseYLVNote
1 Peter 1:16since it is written, "Be holy, for I am holy."γράφω grapho(to write) · ἅγιος hagios(holy)
Isaiah 66:17 · YLV

Those who sanctify themselves and purify themselves toward the gardens, behind one in the midst, who eat the flesh (basar) of swine and the detestable thing and the mouse, together they shall come to an end, declares YHWH.

Key wordsקָדַשׁ qadash to consecrate, sanctify, prepare, dedicateטָהֵר taher to be clean, be pureחֲזִיר chazir hog, swine, boar

Claim 61"If you are going to keep the Torah, you must also offer sacrifices, circumcise, and stone people. You cannot pick and choose."

What Scripture says

"You cannot pick and choose" is true. That is why we must see what the Torah itself appointed to be done, where, and by whom. The three are each different.

Sacrifice. The Torah did not allow sacrifice to be offered just anywhere.

Deuteronomy 12:5-6 · YLV

(5) But to the place which YHWH your God shall choose out of all your tribes to put his name there, to his dwelling shall you seek, and you shall come there; (6) and you shall bring there your burnt offerings, and your sacrifices, and your tithes, and the heave offering of your hand, and your vows, and your freewill offerings, and the firstlings of your herd and of your flock;

Key wordsבָּחַר bachar to chooseתְּרוּמָה terumah contribution, offeringדָּרַשׁ darash to resort to, seek, seek with care, enquire

No temple, no sacrifice: that is the Torah's own rule. And Hebrews says the sacrifice for sin was offered once for all by the Messiah. What Hebrews says "changed" is the priesthood and the sacrifices, not the commandments as a whole.

Hebrews 10:11-14 · YLV

(11) And every priest stands daily, ministering and offering the same sacrifices repeatedly — sacrifices that can never take away sins. (12) But when Messiah(Christ) had offered for all time a single sacrifice for sins, He sat down at the right hand of God, (13) waiting from that time until His enemies should be made a footstool for His feet. (14) For by a single offering He has perfected for all time those who are being sanctified.

Key wordsἐκδέχομαι ekdechomai to receive, acceptπροσφορά prosphora offeringἱερεύς hiereus a priest

Hebrews 9:9-10 · YLV

(9) this is a parable for the present kairos(appointed-time), in which doron(offerings, gifts) and sacrifices are offered that cannot perfect the worshiper in terms of conscience, (10) since they involve only foods and drinks and various washings, ordinances of the sarx(flesh), imposed until the kairos(appointed-time) of reformation.

Key wordsκαιρός kairos appointed timeδῶρον doron giftδικαίωμα dikaioma righteous act, ordinance carried out

Hebrews 7:12 · YLV

For when there is a change in the priesthood, there is necessarily a change in the nomos(law) as well.

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawμετατίθημι metatithemi to change, pervertἱερωσύνη hierosyne priesthood, the priestly office

Hebrews 8:4 · YLV

Now if He were on earth, He would not be a priest at all, since there are priests who offer doron(offerings, gifts) according to the nomos(law).

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawδῶρον doron giftγῆ ge arable land

When Hebrews was written the temple and the priests were still there, and Hebrews did not tell anyone to abolish them; it explained what they meant.

Circumcision. The circumcision of Gentile believers was answered by the Jerusalem council: it is not required as a condition of salvation. What Paul warned against was circumcision received "in order to be justified."

Galatians 5:3 · YLV

And I testify again to every man who receives circumcision, that he is under obligation to keep the whole nomos(law).

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawμαρτύρομαι martyromai to cite a witness, bring forward a witnessἄνθρωπος anthropos a human being

This verse does not say "if you keep the Torah you must keep all of it"; it says that the one who seeks justification by circumcision must go all the way down that road, and on that road no one is justified (verse 4 of the same chapter). Paul himself circumcised Timothy, a Jew (Acts 16:3), and did not circumcise Titus, a Gentile (Galatians 2:3). He was not picking and choosing; he was doing what the Torah and the council's decision required.

VerseYLVNote
Acts 16:3Paul wanted this man to go with him; and he took him and circumcised him because of the Jews who were in those parts, for they all knew that his father was a Greek.θέλω thelo(to will, have in mind, intend) · Παῦλος Paulos(Paul or Paulus)
Galatians 2:3But not even Titus, who was with me, though he was a Greek, was compelled to be circumcised.Τίτος Titos(Titus) · Ἕλλην Hellen(a Greek)

Punishment. The death penalties of the Torah were not carried out by individuals but were the business of an appointed judicial process.

Deuteronomy 17:8-9 · YLV

(8) If a matter be too hard for you for the judgment (mishpat), between blood and blood, between judgment (din) and judgment (din), and between plague and plague, matters of disputes in your gates, then you shall arise and go up to the place which YHWH your God chooses in it. (9) And you shall come to the priests the Levites, and to the judge who shall be in those days, and you shall inquire, and they shall declare to you the word of the judgment (mishpat).

Key wordsפָּלָא pala to be too hard, wonderfulדָּם dam bloodדִּין din judgment

The authority to judge lay with that court, and that court does not exist. The New Testament places the power of punishment with the governing authorities and limits the church's authority to expulsion.

Romans 13:3-4 · YLV

(3) For rulers are not a fear to good works but to evil — do you want to have no fear of the exousia(authority)? Do what is good and you will have praise from it, (4) for it is a servant of God to you for good; but if you do evil, fear — for it does not bear the sword in vain, for it is a servant of God, an avenger for orge(wrath) to the one who practices evil.

Key wordsδιάκονος diakonos servant, ministerἐξουσία exousia authorityὀργή orge anger, the natural disposition, temper

1 Corinthians 5:12-13 · YLV

(12) For what is it to me to krino(judge) those outside? Do you not krino(judge) those inside? (13) But those outside God krino(judges); and "Remove the wicked person from among yourselves."

Key wordsκρίνω krino to judge, decideἐξαίρω exairo to lift up or take away out of a placeπονηρός poneros evil

John 8:7 · YLV

But when they persisted in asking Him, He straightened up and said to them, "He who is without sin among you, let him be the first to throw a stone at her."

Key wordsἐπιμένω epimeno to continue, remain onἐρωτάω erotao to questionἀνακύπτω anakypto to raise or lift one's self up

Yeshua too did not carry out the penalty on the woman caught in adultery, but neither did he abolish the commandment "you shall not commit adultery." In the same place he said, "go and sin no more" (John 8:11).

VerseYLVNote
John 8:11She said, "No one, Lord." And Yeshua(Jesus) said, "I do not krino(condemn) you, either; go your way; from now on sin no more."κρίνω krino(to judge, decide) · πορεύομαι poreuomai(to lead over, carry over, transfer)

Therefore "you must keep all of it" is true, and keeping all of it means keeping each commandment in the place, time and by the person the Torah appointed for it. When there is no temple, not offering sacrifice is keeping the Torah; when there is no court, not carrying out the penalty is keeping the Torah. And none of that is a reason not to keep the Sabbath, the food laws and the Ten Commandments.

Matthew 5:19 · YLV

Whoever then breaks one of the least of these commandments and teaches others to do the same will be called least in the kingdom of the heavens; but whoever keeps and teaches them will be called great in the kingdom of the heavens.

Key wordsβασιλεία basileia kingdom, the king's ruleλύω lyo to loose, destroyἐντολή entole commandment

13The Texts That Say "Ended"

Claim 62"The law and the prophets were until John (Luke 16:16). After John it is no longer the age of the law but the age of the gospel."

What Scripture says

This verse must be read together with the next one. Yeshua said them in one breath.

Luke 16:16-17 · YLV

(16) The nomos(law) and the Prophets were proclaimed until John; since that time the good news of the kingdom of God has been preached, and everyone is forcing his way into it. (17) But it is easier for heaven and earth to pass away than for one stroke of a letter of the nomos(law) to fail.

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawβασιλεία basileia kingdom, the king's ruleπροφήτης prophetes in Greek writings

If verse 16 is "until John," verse 17 is "not one stroke shall fall." The two verses came from the same mouth in sequence, so verse 16 cannot mean the law has ended. What was "until John" is made clear by the same saying in Matthew.

Matthew 11:13 · YLV

For all the prophets and the nomos(law) prophesied until John.

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawπροφήτης prophetes in Greek writingsἸωάννης Ioannes John

What lasted until John was the law's "prophesying," its pointing to the one who was to come. John pointed to him, so the time of prophesying ended and the time of proclaiming the kingdom came. And in the very next verse Yeshua applies one commandment of the law as it stands.

Luke 16:18 · YLV

Everyone who divorces his wife and marries another commits adultery, and he who marries one who is divorced from a husband commits adultery.

Key wordsἀπολύω apolyo to releaseγυνή gyne a woman of any ageγαμέω gameo to lead in marriage, take to wife

If the law had ended with John, the "adultery" of verse 18 would have no basis. After Yeshua's resurrection it is the same word.

Luke 24:44 · YLV

Now He said to them, "These are My logos(words) which I spoke to you while I was still with you, that all things which are written about Me in the nomos(law) of Moses and the Prophets and the Psalms must be fulfilled."

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawλόγος logos wordλαλέω laleo to speak

Claim 63"The law was added because of transgressions until the seed should come (Galatians 3:19). Christ has come, so the law's job is done."

What Scripture says

Galatians 3:19 · YLV

Why the nomos(law) then? It was added because of transgressions, having been ordained through angels by the agency of a mediator, until the seed would come to whom the promise had been made.

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawπαράβασις parabasis a going overπροστίθημι prostithemi to put to

The question Paul answers in this verse is "what is the law for?" The answer is "because of transgressions," that is, to expose sin as sin (Romans 3:20, 7:7). Then what "until the seed comes" is the end of, the same paragraph says. Not the law itself, but one role the law held: the role of paidagogos.

VerseYLVNote
Romans 3:20Because by works of nomos(law) no sarx(flesh) will be justified before Him, for through nomos(law) comes epignosis(spiritual, complete knowledge) of sin.νόμος nomos(law) · ἐπίγνωσις epignosis(full knowledge)
Romans 7:7What then shall we say? Is the nomos(law) sin? May it never be! On the contrary, I would not have come to know sin except through nomos(law); for I would not have known epithymia(lust, desire, strong craving) if the nomos(law) had not said, "You shall not have epithymia(lust, desire, strong craving)."νόμος nomos(law) · ἔρω ereo(to utter, speak, say)
Galatians 3:24-25 · YLV

(24) Therefore the nomos(law) has become our paidagogos(guardian-instructor) to lead us to Messiah(Christ), so that we may be justified by faith. (25) But now that faith has come, we are no longer under a paidagogos(guardian-instructor).

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawπαιδαγωγός paidagogos guardian, tutorπίστις pistis faith

The paidagogos was the servant who took the child to school. When the child grows up that servant's supervision ends, but what was learned at school does not disappear. And in the same place Paul nails down that the law does not conflict with the promise.

Galatians 3:21 · YLV

Is the nomos(law) then contrary to the promises of God? May it never be! For if a nomos(law) had been given which was able to impart zoe(life), then dikaiosyne(righteousness) would indeed have been based on nomos(law).

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawδικαιοσύνη dikaiosyne righteousnessἐπαγγελία epangelia promise

Galatians 3:17 · YLV

What I am saying is this: the nomos(law), which came four hundred and thirty years later, does not invalidate a diatheke(covenant) previously ratified by God, so as to nullify the promise.

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawδιαθήκη diatheke covenantπροκυρόω prokyroo to sanction, ratify, or establish beforehand

The law cannot annul the promise, and the promise does not annul the law. What the law cannot do is give life, that is, justify (3:21). That was never the law's job from the start. Exposing sin and leading to the Messiah it did do; and now that the Messiah has come, that law remains not as a condemning custodian but as the law written on the heart (Jeremiah 31:33).

VerseYLVNote
Jeremiah 31:33For this is the covenant (berit) that I will cut with the house of Israel after those days, declares YHWH: I will put My Torah within them, and on their heart I will write it; and I will be their God, and they shall be My people.כָּרַת karath(to cut, cut off, cut down) · בַּיִת bayith(house)
Romans 3:31 · YLV

Do we then nullify the nomos(law) through faith? May it never be! On the contrary, we uphold the nomos(law).

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawκαταργέω katargeo to nullify, render powerlessπίστις pistis faith

Claim 64"The law is only a shadow of the good things to come (Hebrews 10:1). The substance has come, so the shadow is no longer needed."

What Scripture says

Hebrews 10:1-4 · YLV

(1) For the nomos(law) has but a shadow of the good things to come, not the true form of these realities, and it can never, by the same sacrifices that are offered continually every year, make perfect those who draw near. (2) Otherwise, would they not have ceased to be offered, since the worshipers, having once been cleansed, would no longer have any consciousness of sins? (3) But in these sacrifices there is a reminder of sins every year, (4) for it is impossible for the blood of bulls and goats to take away sins.

Key wordsἀνάμνησις anamnesis a remembering, recollectionνόμος nomos lawθυσία thysia sacrifice

What "shadow" this paragraph means, the paragraph itself makes clear: "the same sacrifices offered year after year," "the blood of bulls and goats." The sacrifices for sin were the shadow of the Messiah's sacrifice, and this study believes that just as it stands (question 61).

Hebrews 10:8-10 · YLV

(8) When He said above, "Sacrifices and offerings and burnt offerings and sin offerings you did not desire nor were you pleased with them" — these are offered according to the nomos(law) — (9) then He added, "Behold, I have come to do your thelema(will)"; He does away with the first in order to establish the second. (10) And by that thelema(will) we have been sanctified through the offering of the body of Yeshua(Jesus) Messiah(Christ) once for all.

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawἔρω ereo to utter, speak, sayθέλημα thelema will

What "the first" that was abolished is, stands inside that sentence: "sacrifices and offerings and burnt offerings and offerings for sin." And a few verses later in the same chapter, Hebrews writes out the content of the new covenant again.

Hebrews 10:16 · YLV

"This is the diatheke(covenant) that I will make with them after those days, declares the Lord: I will put my nomoi(laws) on their kardiai(hearts, soul-domains), and write them on their dianoiai(thoughts),"

Key wordsδιαθήκη diatheke covenantκαρδία kardia heartδιατίθεμαι diatithemai to arrange, dispose of, one's own affairs

The very chapter that says the shadow has passed says God's laws are written on the heart. The sacrifices were the shadow; the commandments are what is written on the heart. The "shadow" in Colossians is the same. That there is a shadow means there is a body; it does not mean to erase the shadow.

Colossians 2:17 · YLV

things which are a shadow of what is to come; but the substance belongs to Messiah(Christ).

Key wordsσκία skia shadowμέλλω mello to be aboutσῶμα soma the body both of men or animals

Claim 65"The law was given through Moses; grace and truth came through Jesus Christ (John 1:17). The time of law and the time of grace are different."

What Scripture says

John 1:16-17 · YLV

(16) For of His fullness we have all received, and charis(grace) upon charis(grace). (17) For the nomos(law) was given through Moses; charis(grace) and aletheia(truth) were realized through Yeshua(Jesus) Messiah(Christ).

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawἀλήθεια aletheia truthπλήρωμα pleroma that which is

In the Greek there is no "but" between the two clauses. Since verse 16 said "grace upon grace," verse 17 says that on top of the grace through Moses came the grace through the Messiah. And the phrase "grace and truth" itself comes from the Torah. It is the name of God that Moses heard on Mount Sinai.

Exodus 34:6 · YLV

And YHWH passed by before his face, and proclaimed, "YHWH, YHWH, God, merciful and gracious, long of nostrils, and abundant in lovingkindness and truth,

Key wordsאֵל el god, god-like one, mighty oneאַף aph nostril, nose, faceחֵסֵד chesed goodness, kindness, faithfulness

"Chesed and emet," grace and truth. John is saying that the name Moses heard on the mountain has come before our eyes in Yeshua. He is not setting the law of Moses against the grace of Yeshua. What Yeshua said about the law and Moses in the same Gospel John wrote confirms it.

John 7:19 · YLV

Did not Moses give you the nomos(law), and yet none of you carries out the nomos(law)? Why do you seek to kill Me?"

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawΜωσῆς Moseus Mosesζητέω zeteo to seek in order to find

John 5:46-47 · YLV

(46) For if you believed Moses, you would believe Me, for he wrote about Me. (47) But if you do not believe his writings, how will you believe My rhema(spoken-words)?"

Key wordsῥήμα rhema spoken wordπιστεύω pisteuo to believeΜωσῆς Moseus Moses

Psalm 119:142 · YLV

Your righteousness is righteousness forever, and your Torah is truth.

Key wordsצֶדֶק tsedeq justice, rightness, righteousnessאֶמֶת emeth firmness, faithfulness, truth

The Torah is truth, and truth came through Yeshua. The two are not different ages but two steps of the same truth.

Claim 66"The work of God is to believe in the one he has sent, and that is all (John 6:29). No work is required beyond faith."

What Scripture says

John 6:28-29 · YLV

(28) Therefore they said to Him, "What shall we do, so that we may work the works of God?" (29) Yeshua(Jesus) answered and said to them, "This is the work of God, that you believe in Him whom He has sent."

Key wordsἀποκρίνομαι apokrinomai to give an answer to a question proposedἐργάζομαι ergazomai to work, doἔργον ergon work, deed

That is right: the beginning is faith. Then we must ask the same John what he means by "believe." John writes the opposite of believing as "disobeying."

John 3:36 · YLV

He who believes in the Son has eternal zoe(life); but he who does not obey the Son will not see zoe(life), but the orge(wrath) of God abides on him.

Key wordsζωή zoe lifeπιστεύω pisteuo to believeυἱός uihos son

If the opposite of faith is disobedience, then faith is a word that holds obedience inside it. And there are words Yeshua went on to say to those who believed.

John 8:31 · YLV

So Yeshua(Jesus) was saying to those Jews who had believed Him, "If you continue in My logos(word), you are alethos(truly) disciples of Mine;

Key wordsπιστεύω pisteuo to believeμένω meno to remain, abideλόγος logos word

John 15:14 · YLV

You are My philos(friends) if you do what I command you.

Key wordsἐντέλλομαι entellomai to commandφίλος philos friend

John wrote the commandment in a single sentence in his letter, and faith and love are in it together.

1 John 3:23 · YLV

And this is His commandment: that we believe in the name of His Son Yeshua(Jesus) Messiah(Christ) and love one another, just as He has commanded us.

Key wordsἐντολή entole commandmentπιστεύω pisteuo to believeὄνομα onoma name

Paul called the aim of his apostleship "the obedience of faith," and James said what a faith that is faith alone looks like.

Romans 1:5 · YLV

through whom we received charis(grace) and apostleship for the obedience of faith among all the nations for the sake of His name,

Key wordsἀποστολή apostole a sending awayλαμβάνω lambano to receiveχάρις charis grace

James 2:19 · YLV

You believe that God is one — you do well; the demons(individual evil spirits to be expelled) also believe and shudder.

Key wordsπιστεύω pisteuo to believeδαιμόνιον daimonion demonφρίσσω phrisso to bristle, stiffen stand up

"Believing is the work of God" is true, and that faith is a faith that abides in his word and does what he commands. A faith that does not is what John calls "disobedience" and James calls "the demons also believe."

14The Sabbath, Legalism, the Gentiles

Claim 67"The Sabbath is not repeated in the New Testament and was changed to Sunday. Romans 14 leaves the keeping of days to each person."

What Scripture says

First, the verses cited as grounds, as they stand.

Romans 14:5-6 · YLV

(5) One person krino(judges) one day above another; another krino(judges) every day alike — let each one be fully convinced in his own nous(intellect, spiritual domain). (6) The one who observes the day, observes it to the Lord; and the one who does not observe the day, to the Lord he does not observe it; and the one who eats, eats to the Lord — for he gives thanks to God; and the one who does not eat, to the Lord he does not eat, and he gives thanks to God.

Key wordsφρονέω phroneo to have understanding, be wiseκρίνω krino to judge, decideνοῦς nous the mind

The word "Sabbath" does not appear in Romans 14. The subject of the chapter is eating (14:2) and the days attached to it (days of fasting), and nowhere does it say that the day God put in the Ten Commandments was left to "each one's conviction."

1 Corinthians 16:2 · YLV

According to one Sabbatons(referring to every Moed of Leviticus 23), each one of you is to put aside and save as he may prosper, so that no collections be made when I come.

Key wordsσάββατον sabbaton sabbath, sabbaton — every appointed sabbath of the moedimτίθημι tithemi to set, put, placeθησαυρίζω thesaurizo to gather and lay up, to heap up, store up

This verse says "let each of you set aside and store up by himself." It means save at home; it does not mean gather for worship. And what "mia ton sabbaton" is has been compared exhaustively in the study "The Risen Shabbaton."

Revelation 1:10 · YLV

I came to be in the pneuma(spirit) on the Lord's day, and I heard behind me a great voice like a trumpet,

Key wordsπνεῦμα pneuma spiritἡμέρα hemera dayἀκούω akouo to hear

Nowhere does Scripture say "the Lord's day" is Sunday. The day Yeshua said he is Lord of is a different one.

Mark 2:27-28 · YLV

(27) Yeshua(Jesus) said to them: "The sabbaton(referring to every Moed of Leviticus 23) was made for man, and not man for the sabbatons(referring to every Moed of Leviticus 23). (28) So the Son of Man is Lord even of the sabbaton(referring to every Moed of Leviticus 23)."

Key wordsσάββατον sabbaton sabbath, sabbaton — every appointed sabbath of the moedimυἱός uihos sonἄνθρωπος anthropos a human being

"Not repeated in the New Testament" also differs from the text. After the cross, in the days of the apostles, and for the days to come, the Sabbath stands as it is.

Luke 23:56 · YLV

Then they returned and prepared spices and perfumes; and on the sabbaton(referring to every Moed of Leviticus 23) they rested according to the commandment.

Key wordsὑποστρέφω hypostrepho to turn backἑτοιμάζω hetoimazo to make ready, prepareἄρωμα aroma spice, perfume

Matthew 24:20 · YLV

But pray that your flight will not be in the winter or on a sabbaton(referring to every Moed of Leviticus 23).

Key wordsπροσεύχομαι proseuchomai to offer prayers, to prayφυγή phyge flightχειμών cheimon winter

Acts 13:42-44 · YLV

(42) As Paul and Barnabas were going out, the people kept begging that these rhema(spoken-word)s might be spoken to them the next sabbaton(referring to every Moed of Leviticus 23). (43) Now when the synagogue had broken up, many of the Jews and of the God-fearing proselytes followed Paul and Barnabas, who, speaking to them, were urging them to continue in the charis(grace) of God. (44) The next sabbaton(referring to every Moed of Leviticus 23) nearly the whole city assembled to hear the logos(word) of God.

Key wordsἔθνος ethnos a multitudeσάββατον sabbaton sabbath, sabbaton — every appointed sabbath of the moedimσέβομαι sebomai to revere, to worship

Acts 18:4 · YLV

And he was reasoning in the synagogue every sabbaton(referring to every Moed of Leviticus 23) and trying to persuade Jews and Greeks.

Key wordsδιαλέγομαι dialegomai to think different things with one's selfσυναγωγή synagoge a bringing together, gatheringσάββατον sabbaton sabbath, sabbaton — every appointed sabbath of the moedim

Hebrews 4:9-10 · YLV

(9) So then, a Sabbatismos(Sabbath-rest) remains for the people of God, (10) for whoever has entered God's rest has also rested from his own works, just as God did from His.

Key wordsἀπολείπω apoleipo to leave, to leave behindσαββατισμός sabbatismos a keeping sabbathεἰσέρχομαι eiserchomai to go out or come in

Isaiah 56:6-7 · YLV

(6) And the sons of the foreigner who join themselves to YHWH, to minister to him and to love the name of YHWH, to be his servants, every one who keeps the Shabbat from profaning it, and holds fast my covenant (berit)— (7) I will bring them to my holy mountain, and make them joyful in my house of prayer; their burnt offerings and their sacrifices shall be acceptable upon my altar; for my house shall be called a house of prayer for all the peoples.

Key wordsהַר har hill, mountain, hill country, mountשֵׁם shem nameשָׁמַר shamar to keep

Isaiah 66:23 · YLV

And it shall come to pass, from new moon to new moon, and from Shabbat to Shabbat, all flesh (basar) shall come to worship before me, says YHWH.

Key wordsחֹדֶשׁ chodesh the new moon, month, monthlyשַׁבָּת shabbath Sabbathבָּשָׂר basar flesh

The Gentiles asked for "the next Sabbath too," Paul taught "every Sabbath," and in the new heavens and new earth all flesh worships "from Sabbath to Sabbath." A changed day is not in Scripture.

Claim 68"Saying we should keep the commandments is legalism."

What Scripture says

The word "legalism" is not in Scripture. What Scripture actually rebuked has its own name: "seeking to be justified in the law."

Galatians 5:4 · YLV

You have been severed from Messiah(Christ), you who are seeking to be justified by nomos(law); you have fallen from charis(grace).

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawκαταργέω katargeo to nullify, render powerlessδικαιόω dikaioo to make righteous, justify

Romans 9:31-32 · YLV

(31) but Israel, pursuing a nomos(law) of dikaiosyne(righteousness), did not reach the nomos(law) of dikaiosyne(righteousness). (32) Why? Because it was not by faith but as by works of the nomos(law) — they stumbled against the stone of stumbling,

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawδικαιοσύνη dikaiosyne righteousnessδιώκω dioko to make to run or flee, put to flight

What was rebuked was not keeping the commandments but seeking justification on the basis of having kept them. By contrast, this is what Scripture calls the person who has been justified by grace and loves and keeps the commandments.

Psalm 119:97 · YLV

How I love your Torah! All the day it is my meditation.

Key wordsאָהַב ahab to love

Luke 1:6 · YLV

They were both righteous before God, walking blamelessly in all the commandments and dikaioma(ordinances) of the Lord.

Key wordsδικαίωμα dikaioma righteous act, ordinance carried outπορεύομαι poreuomai to lead over, carry over, transferἐντολή entole commandment

1 John 5:3 · YLV

For this is the love of God — that we keep His commandments; and His commandments are not burdensome.

Key wordsἀγάπη agape loveἐντολή entole commandmentτηρέω tereo to keep

Even when Yeshua rebuked the Pharisees, he did not rebuke them for keeping the commandments. He rebuked them for keeping the small things while abandoning the great ones, and his conclusion was "these you should have done, without leaving the others undone."

Matthew 23:23 · YLV

Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you tithe mint and dill and cummin and have neglected the weightier provisions of the nomos(law) — krisis(judgment) and mercy and faithfulness; but these are the things you should have done without neglecting the others.

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawκρίσις krisis a separating, sundering, separationπίστις pistis faith

The label "legalism" has come to be attached to the person Scripture calls "righteous" and "great in the kingdom" (Matthew 5:19). Returning to Scripture's own words: what is to be guarded against is "seeking to be justified by the law," and what is to be kept is "his commandments."

VerseYLVNote
Matthew 5:19Whoever then breaks one of the least of these commandments and teaches others to do the same will be called least in the kingdom of the heavens; but whoever keeps and teaches them will be called great in the kingdom of the heavens.βασιλεία basileia(kingdom, the king's rule) · λύω lyo(to loose, destroy)

Claim 69"The Torah was given to the Jews. It has nothing to do with Gentile believers."

What Scripture says

The Torah says for whom it is.

Exodus 12:49 · YLV

One Torah shall be for the native and for the sojourner who sojourns among you."

Key wordsתּוֹרָה torah Torah, instruction

Numbers 15:15-16 · YLV

(15) For the assembly, one statute (chuqqah) for you and for the sojourner who sojourns, a statute (chuqqah) forever throughout your generations; as you are, so shall the sojourner be before YHWH. (16) One Torah and one judgment (mishpat) shall be for you and for the sojourner who sojourns with you.'"

Key wordsתּוֹרָה torah Torah, instructionחֻקָּה chuqqah statuteעוֹלָם olam long duration, antiquity, futurity, for ever

"One Torah." It was never two laws from the start. What relation Gentiles have to the people of God, Paul says: those who were outside came inside; they did not become a different people under a different law.

Ephesians 2:12-13 · YLV

(12) remember that you were at that kairos(appointed-time) separate from Messiah(Christ), excluded from the commonwealth of Israel, and strangers to the diatheke(covenants) of promise, having no elpis(hope) and without God in the world. (13) But now in Messiah(Christ) Yeshua(Jesus) you who formerly were far off have been brought near by the blood of Messiah(Christ).

Key wordsκαιρός kairos appointed timeπολιτεία politeia the administration of civil affairsἐλπίς elpis expectation of evil, fear

Romans 11:17-18 · YLV

(17) But if some of the branches were broken off, and you, being a wild olive, were grafted in among them and became a synkoinonos(co-sharer, co-partaker) of the root and the richness of the olive tree, (18) do not boast over the branches — but if you do boast, it is not you who bears the root, but the root bears you.

Key wordsκατακαυχάομαι katakauchaomai to triumph over, boast againstκλάδος klados a young tender shoot, broken off for graftingἐκκλάω ekklao to break off, to cut off

Galatians 3:29 · YLV

And if you belong to Messiah(Christ), then you are Abraham's descendants, heirs according to promise.

Key wordsσπέρμα sperma seedἐπαγγελία epangelia promiseκληρονόμος kleronomos heir

The grafted branch receives the sap of the root; it does not become a different tree. And what the prophets wrote about the days to come is that the Torah goes out from Zion to all peoples and the nations come up to keep the feast.

Isaiah 2:3 · YLV

And many peoples shall go and say: "Come, and let us go up to the mountain of YHWH, to the house of the God of Jacob; and He will teach us of His ways, and we will walk in His paths." For out of Zion shall go forth Torah, and the word of YHWH from Jerusalem.

Key wordsהַר har hill, mountain, hill country, mountבַּיִת bayith houseתּוֹרָה torah Torah, instruction

Zechariah 14:16 · YLV

And it shall come to pass, that everyone who is left of all the nations that came against Jerusalem shall go up year by year to bow down to the King, YHWH of hosts (tzevaot), and to celebrate the feast (chag) of Booths.

Key wordsשָׁנֶה shaneh yearצָבָא tsaba that which goes forth, army, war, warfareחַג chag festival, feast, festival-gathering

The last command Yeshua gave his disciples was also to teach "all the nations" to "keep all that I have commanded you."

Matthew 28:19-20 · YLV

(19) Go therefore and make disciples of all the ethne(ethnic-groups, Gentiles), baptizing them in the name of the Father and the Son and the hagio(holy) pneuma(spirit), (20) teaching them to observe all that I commanded you; and behold, I am with you all the days until the end of the age. Amen."

Key wordsπνεῦμα pneuma spiritσυντέλεια synteleia completion, consummation, endαἰών aion for ever, an unbroken age, perpetuity of time

Claim 70"Jesus himself broke the Sabbath (John 5:18). So the Sabbath is no longer to be kept."

What Scripture says

"Broke the Sabbath" is the accusation of the people who wanted to kill Yeshua, not John's verdict.

John 5:16-18 · YLV

(16) For this reason the Jews were persecuting Yeshua(Jesus), because He was doing these things on the sabbaton(referring to every Moed of Leviticus 23). (17) But Yeshua(Jesus) answered them, "My Father is working until now, and I Myself am working." (18) For this reason therefore the Jews were seeking all the more to kill Him, because He not only was breaking the sabbaton(referring to every Moed of Leviticus 23), but also was calling God His own Father, making Himself equal with God.

Key wordsδιώκω dioko to make to run or flee, put to flightἀποκρίνομαι apokrinomai to give an answer to a question proposedζητέω zeteo to seek in order to find

In the same sentence stands the accusation that he "made himself equal with God." Just as the second accusation is not true (he is God; he did not make himself so), the first is their word too. What Yeshua did on the Sabbath and on what basis he did it, the text has recorded. The basis was always the Torah.

Matthew 12:1-2 · YLV

(1) At that kairos(appointed-time) Yeshua(Jesus) went through the grain fields on the sabbatons(referring to every Moed of Leviticus 23); and His disciples became hungry and began to pick heads of grain and eat. (2) But the Pharisees seeing this said to Him: "Behold, Your disciples are doing what is not permitted to do on the sabbaton(referring to every Moed of Leviticus 23)."

Key wordsκαιρός kairos appointed timeΦαρισαῖος Pharisaios Phariseeπορεύομαι poreuomai to lead over, carry over, transfer

Matthew 12:5-8 · YLV

(5) Or have you not read in the nomos(law) that on the sabbatons(referring to every Moed of Leviticus 23) the priests in the temple profane the sabbaton(referring to every Moed of Leviticus 23) and are innocent? (6) But I say to you that something greater than the temple is here. (7) And if you had known what this means — 'I desire mercy and not sacrifice' — you would not have condemned the innocent. (8) For the Son of Man is Lord of the sabbaton(referring to every Moed of Leviticus 23)."

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawἀναγινώσκω anaginosko to distinguish between, to recogniseγινώσκω ginosko to know

Plucking the heads of grain was something the Torah permitted (Deuteronomy 23:25), and Yeshua answered from the Torah, "have you not read in the law," and called his disciples "guiltless." Not that they broke the Sabbath, but that they did not. The healings are the same.

VerseYLVNote
Deuteronomy 23:25When you come into the vineyard of your neighbor, then you may eat grapes according to your soul (nephesh), your fill; but into your vessel you shall not put.עֵנָב enab(grape)
Matthew 12:10-12 · YLV

(10) And behold, there was a man with a withered hand, and they questioned Him, saying: "Is it permitted to heal on the sabbatons(referring to every Moed of Leviticus 23)?" — so that they might accuse Him. (11) And He said to them: "What man among you will there be who has one sheep, and if it falls into a pit on the sabbatons(referring to every Moed of Leviticus 23), will he not take hold of it and lift it out? (12) How much more valuable then is a person than a sheep! So it is permitted to do good on the sabbatons(referring to every Moed of Leviticus 23)."

Key wordsἄνθρωπος anthropos a human beingδιαφέρω diaphero From G1223 and G5342πρόβατον probaton any four footed

John 7:22-23 · YLV

(22) For this reason Moses has given you circumcision (not because it is from Moses, but from the fathers), and on the sabbaton(referring to every Moed of Leviticus 23) you circumcise a man. (23) If a man receives circumcision on the sabbaton(referring to every Moed of Leviticus 23) so that the nomos(law) of Moses will not be broken, are you angry with Me because I made an entire man well on the sabbaton(referring to every Moed of Leviticus 23)?

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawπεριτομή peritome circumcisionΜωσῆς Moseus Moses

Luke 13:14-16 · YLV

(14) But the synagogue ruler, indignant because Yeshua(Jesus) had healed on the sabbaton(referring to every Moed of Leviticus 23), answered and said to the crowd, "There are six days in which work ought to be done; so come and be healed on them, and not on the sabbaton(referring to every Moed of Leviticus 23) day." (15) But the Lord answered him and said, "Hypocrites! Does not each of you on the sabbaton(referring to every Moed of Leviticus 23) untie his ox or his donkey from the manger and lead it away to water it? (16) And this woman, who is a daughter of Abraham, whom Satan has bound for eighteen long years — should she not have been freed from this bond on the sabbaton(referring to every Moed of Leviticus 23) day?"

Key wordsἀρχισυνάγωγος archisynagogos ruler of the synagogueἀποκρίνομαι apokrinomai to give an answer to a question proposedθυγάτηρ thygater a daughter

What Yeshua collided with was not the Torah's Sabbath but the rules men had laid on top of it, and he dismissed those rules by the Torah's own principle, "so that the law of Moses may not be broken." And if Yeshua had broken the Torah even once, then since sin is anomia (Torah-lessness, 1 John 3:4), he would not be sinless and his sacrifice would be void. Scripture says the exact opposite.

VerseYLVNote
1 John 3:4Everyone who practices sin also practices anomia(Torah-lessness); sin is anomia(Torah-lessness).ἀνομία anomia(lawlessness, Torah-lessness) · ἁμαρτία hamartia(sin)
1 Peter 2:22 · YLV

He committed no sin, neither was deceit found in His mouth;

Key wordsἁμαρτία hamartia sinεὑρίσκω heurisko to come upon, hit upon, to meet withδόλος dolos craft, deceit, guile

Hebrews 4:15 · YLV

For we do not have a high priest who is unable to sympathize with our weaknesses, but one who in every respect has been tested as we are, yet without sin.

Key wordsἀρχιερεύς archiereus chief priestδύναμαι dynamai to be able, have powerσυμπαθέω sympatheo to be affected with the same feeling as another

John 15:10 · YLV

If you keep My commandments, you will abide in My agape(love); just as I have kept My Father's commandments and abide in His agape(love).

Key wordsἀγάπη agape loveἐντολή entole commandmentτηρέω tereo to keep

The "Lord of the Sabbath" is not the one who abolishes the Sabbath but the one who defines what it is.

Claim 71"Nine of the Ten Commandments are repeated in the New Testament, but the Sabbath commandment is not. So the Sabbath alone was abolished."

What Scripture says

The principle "it must be repeated in the New Testament to remain valid" is found nowhere in Scripture. The principle Yeshua established is the opposite: until heaven and earth pass away, not one stroke will pass.

Matthew 5:17-19 · YLV

(17) Do not think that I came to abolish the nomos(law) or the prophets — I did not come to abolish but to fulfill. (18) For truly I say to you, until heaven and earth pass away, not one iota(smallest Greek letter) or one keraia(stroke of a letter) will pass away from the nomos(law) until all things are accomplished. (19) Whoever then breaks one of the least of these commandments and teaches others to do the same will be called least in the kingdom of the heavens; but whoever keeps and teaches them will be called great in the kingdom of the heavens.

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawἰῶτα iota iotaκεραία keraia stroke of a letter

A commandment stands not because it is repeated but because there is no word abolishing it. And Yeshua also showed that listing only part does not mean the rest is abolished. To the rich young man he named only six commandments, and that did not abolish the other four.

Matthew 19:17-19 · YLV

(17) And He said to him: "Why are you asking Me about what is good? There is only One who is good — but if you wish to enter into zoe(life), keep the commandments." (18) Then he said to Him: "Which ones?" And Yeshua(Jesus) said: "'You shall not murder, You shall not commit adultery, You shall not steal, You shall not bear false witness, (19) Honor your father and mother; and You shall love your neighbor as yourself.'"

Key wordsζωή zoe lifeτιμάω timao to estimate, fix the valueμήτηρ meter a mother

James says the Ten Commandments are the word of one God and cannot be divided.

James 2:10-11 · YLV

(10) For whoever keeps the whole nomos(law) but stumbles at one point has become accountable for all of it. (11) For He who said, "Do not commit adultery," also said, "Do not murder"; if you do not commit adultery but you murder, you have become a transgressor of the nomos(law).

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawμοιχεύω moicheuo to commit adulteryτηρέω tereo to keep

And the facts are otherwise too. The Sabbath is repeated in the New Testament. After the cross they rested "according to the commandment," Yeshua said he is its Lord, and Hebrews says that rest "remains."

Luke 23:56 · YLV

Then they returned and prepared spices and perfumes; and on the sabbaton(referring to every Moed of Leviticus 23) they rested according to the commandment.

Key wordsὑποστρέφω hypostrepho to turn backἑτοιμάζω hetoimazo to make ready, prepareἄρωμα aroma spice, perfume

Mark 2:27-28 · YLV

(27) Yeshua(Jesus) said to them: "The sabbaton(referring to every Moed of Leviticus 23) was made for man, and not man for the sabbatons(referring to every Moed of Leviticus 23). (28) So the Son of Man is Lord even of the sabbaton(referring to every Moed of Leviticus 23)."

Key wordsσάββατον sabbaton sabbath, sabbaton — every appointed sabbath of the moedimυἱός uihos sonἄνθρωπος anthropos a human being

Hebrews 4:9 · YLV

So then, a Sabbatismos(Sabbath-rest) remains for the people of God,

Key wordsἀπολείπω apoleipo to leave, to leave behindσαββατισμός sabbatismos a keeping sabbathλαός laos a people, people group, tribe, nation

There is no basis in the text for picking out one of the ten to abolish; what there is, is "whoever breaks one of the least of these and teaches so will be called least in the kingdom" (Matthew 5:19).

Claim 72"Israel was rejected by God and the church has replaced Israel. So the Torah given to Israel has nothing to do with the church."

What Scripture says

Paul asked this very question and answered it.

Romans 11:1-2 · YLV

(1) I say then — has God rejected His people? May it never be! For I also am an Israelite, of the seed of Abraham, of the tribe of Benjamin. (2) God has not rejected His people whom He foreknew — or do you not know what the graphe(written-scripture) says in Elijah, how he appeals to God against Israel?

Key wordsγραφή graphe Scripture, what is writtenἀπωθέομαι apotheomai to thrust away, push away, repelλαός laos a people, people group, tribe, nation

Romans 11:25-29 · YLV

(25) For I do not want you to be unaware, brothers, of this mysterion(mystery) — lest you be wise in your own estimation — that a partial hardening has come upon Israel until the pleroma(fullness) of the nations has come in; (26) and so all Israel will be saved, just as it is written: "The Deliverer will come from Zion; He will turn away ungodliness from Jacob; (27) and this is My covenant with them, when I take away their sins." (28) As regards the good news, they are enemies for your sake, but as regards the election, they are beloved for the sake of the fathers; (29) for the charismata(grace-gifts) and the calling of God are ametameleta(without-regret, soul-domain).

Key wordsχάρισμα charisma a favour with which one receives without any merit of his ownμυστήριον mysterion hidden thing, secret, mysteryπώρωσις porosis the covering with a callus

"Has he rejected? Certainly not." "The calling is irrevocable." Jeremiah hung that promise on the sun and the moon.

Jeremiah 31:35-37 · YLV

(35) Thus said YHWH, who gives the sun for a light by day, the statutes (chuqqot) of the moon and stars for a light by night, who stirs up the sea so that its waves roar—YHWH of hosts (tzevaot) is His name: (36) If these statutes (chuqqim) depart from before Me, declares YHWH, then also the seed of Israel shall shabbat from being a nation before Me all the days. (37) Thus said YHWH: If the heavens above can be measured, and the foundations of the earth searched out beneath, then also I will reject all the seed of Israel for all that they have done, declares YHWH.

Key wordsמוּשׁ mush to depart, removeשֶׁמֶשׁ shemesh sunמָדַד madad to measure, stretch

The sun and moon are still there, so Israel has not been cast off. This word stands in the very chapter that promises the new covenant (Jeremiah 31). The new covenant and the continuance of Israel are promised together in one chapter. Then where does the Gentile believer stand? Not replacing, but grafted in.

Romans 11:17-18 · YLV

(17) But if some of the branches were broken off, and you, being a wild olive, were grafted in among them and became a synkoinonos(co-sharer, co-partaker) of the root and the richness of the olive tree, (18) do not boast over the branches — but if you do boast, it is not you who bears the root, but the root bears you.

Key wordsκατακαυχάομαι katakauchaomai to triumph over, boast againstκλάδος klados a young tender shoot, broken off for graftingἐκκλάω ekklao to break off, to cut off

Ephesians 2:19 · YLV

So then you are no longer strangers and aliens, but you are fellow citizens with the hagioi(holy ones), and are of God's household,

Key wordsσυμπολίτης sympolites possessing the same citizenship with othersξένος xenos a foreigner, a strangerπάροικος paroikos dwelling near, neighbouring

Romans 9:4-5 · YLV

(4) who are Israelites, to whom belong the huiothesia(adoption, sonship) and the glory and the covenants and the giving of the nomos(law) and the temple service and the promises, (5) to whom belong the fathers, and from whom is Messiah(Christ) according to the sarx(flesh) — He who is over all, God blessed forever. Amen.

Key wordsἸσραηλίτης Israelites an Israelite, one of the nation of Israelυἱοθεσία uihothesia adoption, adoption as sonsδόξα doxa glory

The covenants, the Torah and the promises are "theirs," and the Gentile is grafted into that tree and shares its sap. So to say the Torah is Israel's does not mean it has nothing to do with Gentiles; it means the grafted Gentile receives the same thing from the same root. The final picture is the same.

Matthew 19:28 · YLV

And Yeshua(Jesus) said to them: "Truly I say to you, you who have followed Me — in the regeneration when the Son of Man will sit on the throne of His glory, you also shall sit upon twelve thrones, krino(judging) the twelve tribes of Israel.

Key wordsπαλιγγενεσία palingenesia regenerationκρίνω krino to judge, decideἀκολουθέω akoloutheo to follow one who precedes

Revelation 21:12 · YLV

Having a great and high wall, having twelve gates and at the gates twelve angels, and names inscribed — which are the names of the twelve tribes of the sons of Israel.

Key wordsτείχος teichos the wall around a city, town wallπυλών pylon a large gateἄγγελος angelos a messenger, envoy, one who is sent, an angel

The names written on the twelve gates of the new Jerusalem are not the names of the church but of the twelve tribes of Israel. The Gentiles enter through those gates.

15Uncleanness and Purity

Claim 73"The 'unclean thing' the New Testament speaks of is only sin of the heart. The purity laws of Leviticus are not in the New Testament."

What Scripture says

When the New Testament says "touch no unclean thing," the word is the Torah's word. 2 Corinthians 6:17 is not Paul's own phrase but a quotation of Isaiah.

VerseYLVNote
2 Corinthians 6:17"Therefore, come out from their midst and be separate," says the Lord, "and do not touch what is akatharton(unclean); and I will welcome you."ἐξέρχομαι exerchomai(to come out) · ἀφορίζω aphorizo(to mark off from others by boundaries)
2 Corinthians 6:17 · YLV

"Therefore, come out from their midst and be separate," says the Lord, "and do not touch what is akatharton(unclean); and I will welcome you."

Key wordsἐξέρχομαι exerchomai to come outἀφορίζω aphorizo to mark off from others by boundariesἅπτομαι haptomai to touch

Isaiah 52:11 · YLV

Depart, depart, go out from there, touch no unclean thing; go out from her midst, be clean, you who bear the vessels of YHWH.

Key wordsטָמֵא tame unclean, impureנָגַע naga to touch, reach, strikeבָּרַר barar to purify, select, polish, choose, purge

"Unclean" is the Greek akathartos, the word used to render the Hebrew tame. The one who defined that word is the Torah, and within the Torah uncleanness has two branches. The first is the uncleanness of food, body and contact (Leviticus 11-15); the second is the uncleanness of sexual immorality, idols and bloodshed (Leviticus 18). Both are the same word, tame.

Leviticus 10:10 · YLV

and to make a distinction between the holy and the common, and between the unclean and the clean;

Key wordsבָּדַל badal to divide, separate

Leviticus 11:47 · YLV

to make a difference between the unclean and the clean, and between the living thing (chai) that may be eaten and the living thing (chai) that may not be eaten.

Key wordsאָכַל akal to eat, devour, burn up, feed

Leviticus 18:24-25 · YLV

(24) Do not defile yourselves in any of these; for in all these the nations were defiled, which I am casting out from before you. (25) And the land was defiled, and I visited its iniquity upon it, and the land vomited out its inhabitants.

Key wordsטָמֵא tame to be unclean, become unclean, become impureשָׁלחַ shalach to send, send away, let go, stretch out

Ezekiel 36:17-18 · YLV

(17) Son of man (adam), the house of Israel were dwelling on their ground (adamah), and they defiled it by their way and by their doings; like the uncleanness of a menstruous woman was their way before me. (18) And I poured out my fury upon them for the blood which they shed upon the land, and for their idols with which they defiled it.

Key wordsאָדָם adam man, mankindבַּיִת bayith houseשָׁפַךְ shaphak to pour, pour out, spill

Ezekiel 36:25 · YLV

And I will sprinkle clean water upon you, and you shall be clean; from all your uncleannesses and from all your idols I will cleanse you.

Key wordsמַיִם mayim water, watersטָהֵר taher to be clean, be pureטָהוֹר tahor pure, clean

Ezekiel says the uncleanness of idols and bloodshed "was like the uncleanness of a woman in her impurity." He explains the second branch in the words of the first. It is not that one is real and the other a figure; both are uncleanness as the Torah defines it. And when the New Testament uses this word, we must also see what the surrounding verses point to.

2 Corinthians 6:14 · YLV

Do not be bound together with unbelievers; for what partnership have dikaiosyne(righteousness) and anomia(Torah-lessness), or what koinonia(fellowship) has light with darkness?

Key wordsμετοχή metoche a sharing, communion, fellowshipδικαιοσύνη dikaiosyne righteousnessἀνομία anomia lawlessness, Torah-lessness

2 Corinthians 7:1 · YLV

Therefore, having these promises, beloved, let us cleanse ourselves from all defilement of sarx(flesh) and pneuma(spirit), perfecting holiness in the fear of God.

Key wordsσάρξ sarx fleshπνεῦμα pneuma spiritἐπαγγελία epangelia promise

Ephesians 5:3-5 · YLV

(3) But sexual immorality or any impurity or greed must not even be named among you, as is proper among hagioi(holy ones); (4) and there must be no filthiness and silly talk, or coarse jesting, which are not fitting, but rather giving of thanks. (5) For this you know with certainty, that no sexually immoral or impure person or covetous man, who is an idolater, has an inheritance in the kingdom of Messiah(Christ) and God.

Key wordsβασιλεία basileia kingdom, the king's ruleπορνεία porneia illicit sexual intercourseαἰσχρότης aischrotes obscenity, filthiness

1 Thessalonians 4:7 · YLV

For God has not called us for the purpose of akatharsia(impurity), but in sanctification.

Key wordsκαλέω kaleo to callἀκαθαρσία akatharsia uncleannessἁγιασμός hagiasmos holiness, being made holy

Paul spoke of both "defilement of the flesh" and "defilement of the spirit," and called the opposite of uncleanness "being made holy." He was not speaking only of sin in the heart. And it is recorded what the apostles who wrote these letters were still doing even after Yeshua rose and ascended: rites of purification.

Acts 21:24 · YLV

take them and purify yourself along with them, and pay their expenses so that they may shave their heads; and all will know that there is nothing to the things which they have been told about you, but that you yourself also walk orderly, keeping the nomos(law).

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawπαραλαμβάνω paralambano to take along, receiveἁγνίζω hagnizo ceremonially

Acts 21:26 · YLV

Then Paul took the men, and the next day, purifying himself along with them, went into the temple giving notice of the completion of the days of purification, until the sacrifice was offered for each one of them.

Key wordsἁγνισμός hagnismos purification, expiationἱερόν hieron a sacred place, templeπροσφορά prosphora offering

Acts 24:18 · YLV

in which they found me occupied in the temple, having been purified, without any crowd or uproar; but there were some Jews from Asia —

Key wordsεὑρίσκω heurisko to come upon, hit upon, to meet withἁγνίζω hagnizo ceremoniallyἱερόν hieron a sacred place, temple

Acts 25:8 · YLV

while Paul said in his own defense, "I have committed no offense either against the nomos(law) of the Jews or against the temple or against Caesar."

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawἀπολογέομαι apologeomai to defend one's self, make one's defenceἱερόν hieron a sacred place, temple

Acts 28:17 · YLV

After three days Paul called together those who were the leading men of the Jews, and when they came together, he began saying to them, "Brothers, though I had done nothing against our people or the customs of our fathers, yet I was delivered as a prisoner from Jerusalem into the hands of the Romans.

Key wordsἡμέρα hemera dayσυγκαλέω synkaleo to call together, assembleΠαῦλος Paulos Paul or Paulus

"The purity laws are not in the New Testament" collides with the record that the men who wrote the New Testament were performing rites of purification. What is in the New Testament is not the abolition of the purity laws but letters that use the uncleanness the Torah defined, as it stands.

Claim 74"The sickness and death of 1 Corinthians 11:30 are only a warning against treating the Lord's Supper lightly. They have nothing to do with purity rules."

What Scripture says

We must first see what Paul compared the Lord's table to: the offerings of the altar.

1 Corinthians 10:16 · YLV

The cup of blessing which we bless, is it not a koinonia(sharing, participation) in the blood of Messiah(Christ)? The bread which we break, is it not a koinonia(sharing, participation) in the body of Messiah(Christ)?

Key wordsκοινωνία koinonia fellowship, association, community, communionποτήριον poterion a cup, a drinking vesselεὐλογία eulogia praise, laudation, panegyric

1 Corinthians 10:18 · YLV

Look at Israel according to sarx(flesh): are not those who eat the sacrifices sharers in the altar?

Key wordsσάρξ sarx fleshβλέπω blepo to see, discern, of the bodily eyeἐσθίω esthio to eat

1 Corinthians 5:7 · YLV

Clean out the old leaven so that you may be a new lump, just as you are unleavened; for Messiah(Christ) our Passover has been sacrificed for us.

Key wordsἐκκαθαίρω ekkathairo to cleanse out, clean thoroughly, to cleanseζύμη zyme leavenφύραμα phyrama any substance mixed with water and kneaded

The offerings of the altar have a rule in the Torah: whoever eats a holy thing while uncleanness is on him is cut off.

Leviticus 7:20 · YLV

And the soul (nephesh) that eats flesh (basar) from the sacrifice of the peace offerings which is to YHWH, with his uncleanness upon him, that soul (nephesh) shall be cut off from its peoples.

Key wordsאָכַל akal to eat, devour, burn up, feedבָּשָׂר basar flesh

Leviticus 22:3 · YLV

Say to them: Throughout your generations, any man (ish) from all your seed who approaches the holy things, which the sons of Israel sanctify to YHWH, with his uncleanness upon him, that soul (nephesh) shall be cut off from before me: I am YHWH.

Key wordsקָרַב qarab to come near, approach, enter into, draw nearקָדַשׁ qadash to consecrate, sanctify, prepare, dedicate

2 Chronicles 30:18-20 · YLV

(18) For a multitude of the people, many from Ephraim and Manasseh, Issachar and Zebulun, had not cleansed themselves, yet they ate the Passover not as it is written; for Hezekiah prayed for them, saying: "May the good YHWH make atonement on behalf of (19) everyone who has prepared his heart to seek God, YHWH, the God of his fathers, though not according to the purity of the holy place." (20) And YHWH listened to Hezekiah, and healed the people.

Key wordsמַרְבִּית marbith increase, great number, multitude, greatnessכּוּן kun to be firm, be stable, be establishedטָהֵר taher to be clean, be pure

What the people who ate the Passover without purifying themselves needed was "healing." Now look at Corinth.

1 Corinthians 11:20-21 · YLV

(20) Therefore when you meet together, it is not to eat the Lord's Supper, (21) for in your eating each one takes his own supper first; and one is hungry and another is drunk.

Key wordsσυνέρχομαι synerchomai to come togetherδεῖπνον deipnon supperπρολαμβάνω prolambano to take before

1 Corinthians 11:27 · YLV

Therefore whoever eats the bread or drinks the cup of the Lord in an unworthy manner, shall be guilty of the body and the blood of the Lord.

Key wordsἐσθίω esthio to eatἄρτος artos food composed of flour mixed with water and bakedπίνω pino to drink

1 Corinthians 11:29-30 · YLV

(29) For the one who eats and drinks, eats and drinks krima(verdict) to himself if he does not diakrino(active: discern) the body of the Lord. (30) For this reason many among you are weak and sick, and a number sleep.

Key wordsκρίμα krima judgment, verdictδιακρίνω diakrino to separate, make a distinction, discriminateἐσθίω esthio to eat

1 Corinthians 11:31-32 · YLV

(31) But if we krino(judged) ourselves rightly, we would not be krino(judged). (32) But when we are krino(judged), we are disciplined by the Lord so that we will not be katakrino(condemned) along with the world.

Key wordsκρίνω krino to judge, decideδιακρίνω diakrino to separate, make a distinction, discriminateπαιδεύω paideuo to train, discipline

"Unworthily" is the Greek anaxios, and it is not a word about quantity. The Corinthians ate the Lord's supper like a meal at home and got drunk at it. In the Torah that is not a minor discourtesy but a matter of life and death.

Leviticus 10:9-10 · YLV

(9) "Wine and strong drink you shall not drink, you and your sons with you, when you go into the tent (ohel) of appointed time (moed), that you do not die; it is a statute (chuqqah) forever throughout your generations; (10) and to make a distinction between the holy and the common, and between the unclean and the clean;

Key wordsיַיִן yayin wineשָׁתָה shathah to drinkאֹהֶל ohel tent

Leviticus 22:9 · YLV

And they shall keep my charge (mishmeret), lest they bear sin for it and die by it, because they profane it: I am YHWH who sanctifies them.

Key wordsנָשָׂא nasa to lift, bear up, carry, takeחֵטא chet sin

Numbers 18:32 · YLV

And you shall bear no sin over it, when you offer up its best from it; and the holy things of the sons of Israel you shall not profane, that you do not die."

Key wordsנָשָׂא nasa to lift, bear up, carry, takeחֵטא chet sinקָדוֹשׁ qadosh sacred, holy, Holy One, saint, set apart

"Not discerning the body of the Lord" is failing to distinguish the holy from the common, the very distinction Leviticus 10:10 speaks of. And in the same letter Paul called that community itself the temple.

1 Corinthians 3:16-17 · YLV

(16) Do you not know that you are the naos(temple, inner-sanctuary) of God and the pneuma(spirit) of God dwells in you? (17) If anyone destroys the naos(temple, inner-sanctuary) of God, God will destroy that person; for the naos(temple, inner-sanctuary) of God is hagio(holy), and that is what you are.

Key wordsπνεῦμα pneuma spiritναός naos sanctuary, templeφθείρω phtheiro to corrupt, to destroy

1 Corinthians 5:11 · YLV

But now I am writing to you not to associate with anyone who bears the name of brother if he is sexually immoral or greedy or an idolater or a reviler or a drunkard or a swindler — not even to eat with such a person.

Key wordsγράφω grapho to writeσυναναμίγνυμι synanamignymi to mix up togetherἀδελφός adelphos a brother

The weakness, sickness and sleep of 1 Corinthians 11:30 match the outcome those rules describe. That treating the Supper lightly was the problem is true. But what explains why it leads to sickness and death is not a rule the New Testament invented; it is Leviticus 7, 10 and 22.

Claim 75"To keep the Torah, Gentiles too must be circumcised."

What Scripture says

The Torah says to whom the sign of circumcision was given: the house of Abraham.

Genesis 17:11 · YLV

And you shall circumcise the flesh (basar) of your foreskin, and it shall be for a sign (ot) of a covenant (berit) between me and you.

Key wordsבָּשָׂר basar fleshבְּרִית berith covenant

Genesis 17:12-13 · YLV

(12) And a son of eight days shall be circumcised among you, every male throughout your generations, he that is born in the house, or bought with money from any son of a foreigner, who is not of your seed. (13) He that is born in your house, and he that is bought with your money, must surely be circumcised; and my covenant (berit) shall be in your flesh (basar) for an everlasting covenant (berit).

Key wordsמוּל mul to circumcise, let oneself be circumcisedיָלִיד yalid bornבַּיִת bayith house

Exodus 12:48 · YLV

And when a sojourner sojourns with you and would make a Passover to YHWH, let every male belonging to him be circumcised, and then let him draw near to do it, and he shall be as a native of the land; but no uncircumcised person shall eat of him.

Key wordsגּוּר gur to sojourn, abide, dwell in, dwell withגֵּר ger sojournerפֶּסחַ pesach passover

The standard is "your house." Even the one bought with money received it not as one of the nations but as a member of Abraham's household, and the circumcision of the sojourner carries the condition "if he wishes to keep." The Torah never commanded circumcision for the nations, and still less made it a condition of salvation. Making it a condition is the claim the Jerusalem council rejected.

Acts 15:1 · YLV

Some men came down from Judea and began teaching the brothers, "Unless you are circumcised according to the custom of Moses, you cannot be saved."

Key wordsκατέρχομαι katerchomai to come down, go downἸουδαία Ioudaia Judaeaδιδάσκω didasko to teach

Deuteronomy 4:2 · YLV

You shall not add to the word which I am commanding (tzivvah) you, and you shall not take away from it, to keep the commandments (mitzvah) of YHWH your God which I am commanding (tzivvah) you.

Key wordsיָסַף yasaph to add, increase, do againגָּרַע gara to diminish, restrain, withdraw, abateמִצוָה mitsvah commandment

Paul told Gentile believers "keep the commandments of God" and in the same sentence "do not be circumcised." That means circumcision of Gentiles is not among the commandments of God.

1 Corinthians 7:18-19 · YLV

(18) Was anyone called already circumcised? Let him not seek to remove it; has anyone been called in uncircumcision? Let him not be circumcised. (19) Circumcision is nothing and uncircumcision is nothing, but keeping the commandments of God is everything.

Key wordsπεριτέμνω peritemno to circumciseπεριτομή peritome circumcisionκαλέω kaleo to call

Galatians 5:3 · YLV

And I testify again to every man who receives circumcision, that he is under obligation to keep the whole nomos(law).

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawμαρτύρομαι martyromai to cite a witness, bring forward a witnessἄνθρωπος anthropos a human being

Romans 4:11 · YLV

And he received the sign of circumcision as a seal of the dikaiosyne(righteousness) of faith that he had while in uncircumcision, so that he might be the father of all who believe while in uncircumcision, so that righteousness might be credited to them also,

Key wordsσημεῖον semeion a sign, mark, tokenδικαιοσύνη dikaiosyne righteousnessλαμβάνω lambano to receive

Abraham himself was declared righteous while uncircumcised. And the circumcision God requires of everyone is another one. The Torah said it first, and Jeremiah and Paul say the same.

Deuteronomy 30:6 · YLV

And YHWH your God will circumcise your heart, and the heart of your seed, to love YHWH your God with all your heart, and with all your soul (nephesh), for the sake of your life (chai).

Key wordsלֵבָב lebab heart

Jeremiah 9:24-25 · YLV

(24) Behold, days are coming, declares YHWH, that I will punish all the circumcised in uncircumcision: (25) upon Egypt, and upon Judah, and upon Edom, and upon the sons of Ammon, and upon Moab, and upon all who are clipped at the corner of the hair, who dwell in the wilderness; for all the nations are uncircumcised, and all the house of Israel are uncircumcised of heart.

Key wordsנְאֻם neum [the] utterance ofקָצַץ qatsats to cut offפֵּאָה peah corner, edge, side, quarter, extremity

Romans 2:29 · YLV

but the one who is inwardly Jewish is a Jew, and circumcision is of the kardia(heart, soul-domain), by pneuma(spirit) and not by the written letter — whose praise is not from men but from God.

Key wordsκαρδία kardia heartπνεῦμα pneuma spiritγράμμα gramma a letter

Paul circumcised Timothy, a Jew (Acts 16:3), and did not circumcise Titus, a Greek (Galatians 2:3). He was not picking and choosing; he followed the Torah's own standard, "your house." So to say that a Gentile who keeps the Torah must be circumcised is to add to the Torah what is not in it, and it falls under Deuteronomy 4:2 exactly as much as saying the Torah need not be kept.

VerseYLVNote
Acts 16:3Paul wanted this man to go with him; and he took him and circumcised him because of the Jews who were in those parts, for they all knew that his father was a Greek.θέλω thelo(to will, have in mind, intend) · Παῦλος Paulos(Paul or Paulus)
Galatians 2:3But not even Titus, who was with me, though he was a Greek, was compelled to be circumcised.Τίτος Titos(Titus) · Ἕλλην Hellen(a Greek)

16The Gentiles and the Feasts

Claim 76"The feasts of YHWH were commanded to the children of Israel (Leviticus 23:2). Gentile believers have nothing to do with the feasts, and there is no problem if they do not keep them."

What Scripture says

First, Leviticus 23 as it stands.

Leviticus 23:1-2 · YLV

(1) And YHWH spoke to Moses, saying: (2) Speak to the sons of Israel, and say to them: The appointed times (moadim) of YHWH, which you shall proclaim them holy convocations (miqra-qodesh), these are My appointed times (moadim).

Key wordsמוֹעֵד moed appointed place, appointed time, meetingקָרָא qara to call, call out, recite, read, cry outמִקרָא miqra convocation, convoking, reading

"Speak to the children of Israel" names the addressee, and the name of the feasts is "my appointed times." They are not Israel's feasts but YHWH's feasts. And the same Torah wrote down how those feasts apply to the sojourner: the same statute.

Exodus 12:48-49 · YLV

(48) And when a sojourner sojourns with you and would make a Passover to YHWH, let every male belonging to him be circumcised, and then let him draw near to do it, and he shall be as a native of the land; but no uncircumcised person shall eat of him. (49) One Torah shall be for the native and for the sojourner who sojourns among you."

Key wordsתּוֹרָה torah Torah, instructionגּוּר gur to sojourn, abide, dwell in, dwell withגֵּר ger sojourner

Numbers 9:14 · YLV

And if a sojourner sojourns with you and will make a Passover to YHWH, according to the statute (chuqqah) of the Passover and according to its judgment (mishpat), so shall he do; one statute (chuqqah) shall be for you, both for the sojourner and for the native of the land."

Key wordsגּוּר gur to sojourn, abide, dwell in, dwell withגֵּר ger sojournerפֶּסחַ pesach passover

Leviticus 16:29 · YLV

And it shall be to you an everlasting statute (chuqqah): in the seventh month, on the tenth of the month, you shall afflict your souls (nephesh), and do no work, the native and the sojourner who sojourns in your midst.

Key wordsעוֹלָם olam long duration, antiquity, futurity, for everעָנָה anah you will afflictמְלָאכָה melakah occupation, work, business

Deuteronomy 16:14 · YLV

And you shall rejoice in your feast (chag), you, and your son, and your daughter, and your manservant, and your maidservant, and the Levite, and the sojourner, and the orphan, and the widow who are within your gates.

Key wordsשָׂמחַ samach to rejoice, be glad

For Passover the sojourner keeps "the same statute"; for the Day of Atonement it is "whether native or sojourner"; for Tabernacles "the sojourner shall rejoice." The Torah itself never confined the feasts to Israelite blood. Isaiah says God gladly receives the Gentiles who join themselves to YHWH and hold fast the Sabbath and his covenant.

Isaiah 56:6-7 · YLV

(6) And the sons of the foreigner who join themselves to YHWH, to minister to him and to love the name of YHWH, to be his servants, every one who keeps the Shabbat from profaning it, and holds fast my covenant (berit)— (7) I will bring them to my holy mountain, and make them joyful in my house of prayer; their burnt offerings and their sacrifices shall be acceptable upon my altar; for my house shall be called a house of prayer for all the peoples.

Key wordsהַר har hill, mountain, hill country, mountשֵׁם shem nameשָׁמַר shamar to keep

Next, Acts 15. If we press the logic "the feasts are not in the decree, so Gentiles have nothing to do with them," then murder, theft and false witness are not in the decree either, so Gentiles would have nothing to do with those. The council itself gave the reason for writing only four things.

Acts 15:28-29 · YLV

(28) For it seemed good to the hagio(holy) pneuma(spirit) and to us to lay upon you no greater burden than these essentials: (29) that you abstain from things sacrificed to idols and from blood and from things strangled and from sexual immorality; if you keep yourselves free from such things, you will do well. Farewell."

Key wordsπνεῦμα pneuma spiritδοκέω dokeo to be of opinion, think, supposeἀπέχω apecho have

Acts 15:21 · YLV

For Moses from ancient generations has in every city those who proclaim him, since he is read in the synagogues every sabbaton(referring to every Moed of Leviticus 23)."

Key wordsΜωσῆς Moseus Mosesγενεά genea fathered, birth, nativityπόλις polis a city

Gentile believers were people who would go on hearing Moses in the synagogue every Sabbath. The letter wrote only the four things to be cut off at once and left the rest to be learned there. And what the apostles and the Gentile churches actually did afterward is recorded.

1 Corinthians 5:7-8 · YLV

(7) Clean out the old leaven so that you may be a new lump, just as you are unleavened; for Messiah(Christ) our Passover has been sacrificed for us. (8) Therefore let us celebrate the feast, not with old leaven nor with leaven of malice and wickedness, but with the unleavened bread of sincerity and aletheia(truth).

Key wordsἀλήθεια aletheia truthἐκκαθαίρω ekkathairo to cleanse out, clean thoroughly, to cleanseἑορτάζω heortazo to keep a feast day, celebrate a feast

Acts 20:6 · YLV

We sailed from Philippi after the days of Unleavened Bread, and came to them at Troas within five days; and there we stayed seven days.

Key wordsἄζυμος azymos unfermented, free from leaven or yeastἐκπλέω ekpleo to sail from, sail away, depart by shipΦίλιπποι Philippoi Philippi

Acts 18:21 · YLV

But taking his leave of them and saying, "I will return to you again if God wills," he set sail from Ephesus.

Key wordsἑορτή heorte a feast day, festivalἀποτάσσομαι apotassomai to set apart, separateδεῖ dei it is necessary, there is need of

Acts 20:16 · YLV

For Paul had krino(decided) to sail past Ephesus so that he would not have to spend chronos(chronological-time) in Asia; for he was hurrying to be in Jerusalem, if possible, on the day of Pentecost.

Key wordsπεντηκοστή pentekoste Pentecostσπεύδω speudo to haste, make hasteἹεροσόλυμα Hierosolyma Jerusalem

The letter in which Paul wrote "let us keep the feast" was addressed to the Gentile church in Corinth. If the feasts had nothing to do with Gentiles, that sentence could not have been written. Colossians 2:16 is the same. It is because the Colossians were keeping feasts, new moons and Sabbaths that "let no one judge you about them" makes sense; there is nothing to judge in a person who does not keep them.

VerseYLVNote
Colossians 2:16Therefore no one is to krino(judge) you in regard to food or drink or in respect to heortes(festival) or new moon or sabbatons(referring to every Moed of Leviticus 23);κρίνω krino(to judge, decide) · ἑορτή heorte(a feast day, festival)
Colossians 2:16-17 · YLV

(16) Therefore no one is to krino(judge) you in regard to food or drink or in respect to heortes(festival) or new moon or sabbatons(referring to every Moed of Leviticus 23); (17) things which are a shadow of what is to come; but the substance belongs to Messiah(Christ).

Key wordsσκία skia shadowκρίνω krino to judge, decideἑορτή heorte a feast day, festival

Colossians 2:20-22 · YLV

(20) If you have died with Messiah(Christ) to the stoicheia(elementary principles) of the world, why, as if you were living in the world, do you submit yourself to decrees: (21) "Do not handle, do not taste, do not touch!" (22) (which all refer to things destined to perish with use) — in accordance with the commandments and teachings of men?

Key wordsστοιχεῖον stoicheion any first thingδογματίζω dogmatizo to decree, command, enjoinἀποθνήσκω apothnesko to die

The ones doing the judging were people who followed "the commandments and teachings of men," and "shadow" means there is a body, not that it is to be erased (questions 44, 64). The word "feast" does not appear in Romans 14:5 (question 67), and Galatians 4:10 is not a rebuke of keeping the Torah's feasts but of treating God's moedim with hostility while turning back to former idolatry (question 18).

VerseYLVNote
Romans 14:5One person krino(judges) one day above another; another krino(judges) every day alike — let each one be fully convinced in his own nous(intellect, spiritual domain).κρίνω krino(to judge, decide) · νοῦς nous(the mind)
Galatians 4:10You are paratereo(observe with hostile intent) days and months and kairos(appointed-times: Moedim) and years.παρατηρέω paratereo(to stand beside and watch) · καιρός kairos(appointed time)

Finally, if the feasts had nothing to do with Gentiles, the future the prophets wrote could not exist.

Zechariah 14:16-19 · YLV

(16) And it shall come to pass, that everyone who is left of all the nations that came against Jerusalem shall go up year by year to bow down to the King, YHWH of hosts (tzevaot), and to celebrate the feast (chag) of Booths. (17) And it shall come to pass, whoever does not go up from the families of the earth to Jerusalem to bow down to the King, YHWH of hosts (tzevaot), upon them there shall be no rain. (18) And if the family of Egypt does not go up and does not come, then upon them there shall be no [rain]; there shall be the plague with which YHWH strikes the nations that do not go up to celebrate the feast (chag) of Booths. (19) This shall be the sin of Egypt, and the sin of all the nations that do not go up to celebrate the feast (chag) of Booths.

Key wordsמִשׁפָּחָה mishpachah clan, familyחַטָּאָה chattaah sin, sinfulעָלָה alah to go up, ascend, climb

Isaiah 66:23 · YLV

And it shall come to pass, from new moon to new moon, and from Shabbat to Shabbat, all flesh (basar) shall come to worship before me, says YHWH.

Key wordsחֹדֶשׁ chodesh the new moon, month, monthlyשַׁבָּת shabbath Sabbathבָּשָׂר basar flesh

Zechariah says that the nations who do not come up to keep the Feast of Tabernacles will have "no rain," and he calls that "the punishment of sin." "There is no problem if they do not keep them" is the exact opposite of this verse. The feasts of YHWH belong to YHWH, and to those who have joined themselves to YHWH.

Where the spirit that rejects the moed comes from

The spirituality that rejects all the moedim, feasts included, the reading that says "keep the Sabbath and the biblical feasts and you are a legalist," does not end as a human opinion; it has a root. Isaiah 14 wrote it down. It is a taunt-song over the king of Babylon (14:4), and this is what that king said in his heart.

Isaiah 14:12-15 · YLV

(12) How you have fallen from heaven, shining one (Helel), son of the dawn! You are cut down to the earth, you who laid low the nations! (13) And you said in your heart: "I will ascend to the heavens, above the stars of God I will raise my throne, and I will sit on the mountain of appointed time (moed), in the uttermost parts of the north. (14) I will ascend above the heights of the cloud; I will make myself like the Most High (Elyon)." (15) But you are brought down to Sheol, to the uttermost parts of the pit.

Key wordsעָלָה alah to go up, ascend, climbנָפַל naphal to fall, lie, be cast down, failבָּמָה bamah high place, ridge, height, bamah

"The mount of appointed meeting" is a translation; the name in the Hebrew text is har moed (הַר־מוֹעֵד, 14:13), that is, "Mount Moed." Moed (מוֹעֵד: appointed time, feast, place of meeting) is the word used in Genesis 1:14 when the sun and moon are made for "appointed times," and the very word YHWH used in Leviticus 23:2 when he called them "my appointed times (moedim)" and commanded that they be proclaimed as "holy convocations (miqra qodesh, מִקְרָא־קֹדֶשׁ)." Mount Moed is the mountain where at every moed, that is, at every feast, the holy convocation of miqra qodesh takes place: Zion, where God meets his people at the appointed times.

VerseYLVNote
Genesis 1:14And God said, "Let there be lights in the firmament of the heavens, to divide between the day and between the night; and let them be for signs (ot) and for appointed times (moadim), and for days and years;מָאוֹר maor(light, luminary)
Genesis 1:14 · YLV

And God said, "Let there be lights in the firmament of the heavens, to divide between the day and between the night; and let them be for signs (ot) and for appointed times (moadim), and for days and years;

Key wordsמָאוֹר maor light, luminary

Psalm 48:1-2 (Masoretic 48:2-3) · YLV

(2) Great is YHWH and greatly to be praised, in the city of our God, the mountain of His holiness. (3) Beautiful in elevation, the joy of all the earth, is mount Zion, the recesses of the north, the city of a great King.

Key wordsנוֹף noph elevation, heightמָשׂוֹשׂ masos exultation, joy, rejoicingהַר har hill, mountain, hill country, mount

That mountain is the seat the king of Babylon meant to take. To make God's appointed times and the place of meeting his own is what "I will be like the Most High" means. Therefore the spirit that would do away with God's moedim and set other days in their place is the spirit of Isaiah 14. The Psalms and Lamentations record what that spirit actually did.

Psalm 74:4 · YLV

Your adversaries roared in the midst of your appointed place (moed); they set up their signs (ot) as signs (ot).

Key wordsשָׁאַג shaag they roaredשׂוּם sum to put, place, set, appoint, makeאוֹת oth sign

Psalm 74:8 · YLV

They said in their heart, "Let us oppress them together"; they burned all the appointed places (moadim) of God in the land.

Key wordsיַחַד yachad union, unitednessשָׂרַף saraph to burnמוֹעֵד moed appointed place, appointed time, meeting

Lamentations 2:6-7 · YLV

(6) And he has done violence to his booth like a garden, he has destroyed his appointed place (moed); YHWH has caused to be forgotten in Zion appointed time (moed) and Shabbat, and in the indignation of his anger he has spurned king and priest. (7) My Lord (Adonai) has rejected his altar, he has abhorred his sanctuary; he has delivered into the hand of the enemy the walls of her palaces; they have raised a voice in the house of YHWH, as in the day of an appointed time (moed).

Key wordsזָנחַ zanach to cast off, reject, spurnשָׁחַת shachath to destroy, corrupt, go to ruin, decayנָאַר naar he has repudiated

Here is where moed occurs in the passages above. In Psalm 74:4, "your appointed place (moed)" is one Hebrew word, moadekha (מוֹעֲדֶךָ), "your moed." In 74:8, "all the appointed places (moadim) of God" is moadei El (מוֹעֲדֵי־אֵל), "the moeds of El." In Lamentations 2:6, "his appointed place (moed)" is moado (מוֹעֲדוֹ), "his moed," and "appointed time (moed)" in the same verse and "the day of an appointed time (moed)" in 2:7 are the same word. "Appointed place" renders the single word moed; there is no separate Hebrew word for "place." What the adversaries roared in, what they burned, what was destroyed, is moed itself.

Some read this passage alone and say, "See, YHWH caused the feasts to be forgotten; the feasts are abolished." The text does not say that. What was caused to be forgotten was a judgment "in the indignation of his anger," and judgment is for sin. Lamentations itself says what the sin was.

Lamentations 1:18 · YLV

Righteous is YHWH, for I have rebelled against his mouth; hear, please, all you peoples, and see my pain: my virgins and my young men have gone into captivity.

Key wordsמָרָה marah to be contentious, be rebelliousשָׁמַע shama to hearצַדִּיק tsaddiq righteous

The moed was lost through the sin of rebelling against his commands. Lost is not abolished. The same book ends by praying for those days to be given back.

Lamentations 5:21 · YLV

Turn us back to you, YHWH, and we shall be turned; renew our days as of old.

Key wordsחָדַשׁ chadash to be new, renew, repair

Lamentations, then, is not a text saying the feasts have ended but a text of grief over feasts taken away. And YHWH's answer to that grief is in Zephaniah: he gathers those who grieved because they were away from the moed, and makes them praise and a name in all the earth.

Zephaniah 3:18-20 · YLV

(18) Those grieved away from the appointed time (moed) I have gathered—from you they were—a burden upon her, a reproach. (19) Behold, I am dealing with all who afflict you at that time; and I will save (yasha) the lame one, and the driven-away one I will gather; and I will make them for a praise and for a name in all the land of their shame. (20) At that time I will bring you in, and at the time of my gathering you; for I will make you for a name and for a praise among all the peoples of the earth, when I turn back your captivity before your eyes, says YHWH.

Key wordsיָגָה yagah to afflict, grieve, suffer, cause griefאָסַף asaph to gather, receive, remove, gather inמַשׂאֵת maseth uprising, utterance, burden, portion

In Zephaniah 3:18, "grieved away from the appointed time (moed)" is in Hebrew mimmoed (מִמּוֹעֵד, from the moed). Those pushed away from the moed and grieving are the ones God gathers, and God knows that the reproach was a burden on them. To them belongs the covenant of "praise and a name." "Caused to be forgotten" and "I have gathered" are two words of the same YHWH, and they come in order: through judgment the moed was lost, through restoration they are gathered to the moed. To use Lamentations as a text for abolishing the feasts is to read the first verse and cover the next. If losing the moed is grief and being gathered to the moed is restoration, these two passages say how precious the moed is to God.

What the adversary aims at is always the moed. He roars in that place, burns it, and sets up his own signs instead. Daniel wrote what that power of the last days will try to change. The Aramaic of 7:25 says "times and law," and the Hebrew of 12:7 writes the same place as "moed, moedim, and half a time."

Daniel 7:25 · YLV

And he shall speak words against the Most High (Elyon), and he shall wear out the saints of the Most High (Elyon); and he shall think to change times (zimnin, Aramaic) and decree (dat). And they shall be given into his hand until an appointed time (iddan, Aramaic) and appointed times (iddanin, Aramaic) and half a time.

Key wordsמְלַל melal he will speakבְּלָא bela he will wear outזְמָן zeman a set time, time, season

Daniel 12:7 · YLV

And I heard the man (ish) clothed in linen, who was above the waters of the river, and he lifted up his right hand and his left hand to the heavens, and swore by the One who lives (chai) forever, that it shall be for an appointed time (moed), appointed times (moadim), and a half; and when the shattering of the power of the holy people is finished, all these things shall be finished.

Key wordsלָבַשׁ labash to dress, wear, clothe, put on clothingמוֹעֵד moed appointed place, appointed time, meetingנָפַץ naphats to shatter, break, dash, beat in pieces

In Daniel 12:7 "an appointed time (moed) and appointed times (moedim)" is in Hebrew moed moadim (מוֹעֵד מוֹעֲדִים), and this is the very word to which the Aramaic zimnin (times) of 7:25 returns. The mark of that power is "changing times and law," and the time in question is the moed. Revelation also records whom the dragon goes to war against in the last days.

Revelation 12:17 · YLV

And the dragon was angry with the woman and went off to make war with the rest of her offspring — those who keep the commandments of God and hold the testimony of Yeshua(Jesus).

Key wordsὀργίζω orgizo to provoke, to arouse to angerδράκων drakon a dragon, a great serpent, a name for Satanγυνή gyne a woman of any age

This pattern can be seen in events of our own time. The following three are observations, not the text of Scripture. The Yom Kippur War of 1973 began on the Day of Atonement (10 Tishri). The Six-Day War of 1967 took place during the counting of the Omer and ended four days before Shavuot, and in those days Jerusalem returned. The Hamas attack of October 7, 2023 fell on the eighth day that follows Tabernacles, the last day of the feast. The attacks are timed to the moed. It is the same shape Psalm 74 records.

Therefore to go along with the teaching "keeping the moedim is legalism" is to go along with the spirit of Babylon. The command of Scripture is the opposite.

Revelation 18:4 · YLV

And I heard another voice from heaven, saying, "Come out of her, my people, so that you do not synkoinoneo(co-participate) in her sins and so that you do not receive her plagues,

Key wordsἀκούω akouo to hearφωνή phone a sound, a toneοὐρανός ouranos heaven, sky

The spirit of Babylon removes the moed; YHWH gathers to the moed. That is the promise of Zephaniah seen above. Which side one stands on, these two passages decide.

17Why Scripture Is Not Read by Scripture

Claim 77"That Christians do not read Scripture by Scripture is only a difference of interpretation. To call it the influence of the antichrist goes too far."

What Scripture says

We answer in two questions: why Scripture is not read by Scripture, and whether that is the sphere of the antichrist. Scripture has answered both itself.

Why Scripture is not read by Scripture — the reasons Scripture itself gives

The framework received first covers the text. Most people were taught the explanation "the law has ended" before they read the Bible, and from then on they read the text through that explanation. With Romans 3:31 right in front of them, they read it as "to make us aware of sin." The framework speaks before the text does.

VerseYLVNote
Romans 3:31Do we then nullify the nomos(law) through faith? May it never be! On the contrary, we uphold the nomos(law).νόμος nomos(law) · καταργέω katargeo(to nullify, render powerless)
Mark 7:8-9 · YLV

(8) "Neglecting the commandment of God, you hold to the tradition of men — the washing of pitchers and cups and many other such things you do." (9) He was also saying to them: "You are experts at setting aside the commandment of God in order to keep your tradition.

Key wordsἀφίημι aphiemi to forgive, let goἐντολή entole commandmentἀθετέω atheteo to set aside, reject

Translation hides the words. Few see "no law" in the rendering "lawlessness," and few see "goal" in "the end of the law." When one word is split into three in translation, the links between text and text are cut. That is why this Q&A gives the original word alongside every verse.

2 Peter 3:16 · YLV

as he does in all his letters when he speaks in them of these matters — there are some things in them that are hard to understand, which the ignorant and unstable twist to their own destruction, as they do the other graphai(written-scriptures).

Key wordsἐπιστολή epistole a letter, epistleλαλέω laleo to speakστρεβλόω strebloo to twist, turn awry

They do not read all of it. Sermons leave out "work out your salvation with fear and trembling" and "keep the commandments," and long passages are not opened. If it is not read, the text has no chance to speak.

Isaiah 30:10 · YLV

who say to the seers, "You shall not see," and to the visionaries, "You shall not envision for us right things; speak to us smooth things, envision illusions;

Key wordsחָזָה chazah to see, perceive, look, behold, prophesyמַהֲתַלָּה mahathallah deceptions, illusionsנְכֹחָה nekochah straight in front, be in front of, straight

Hosea 4:6 · YLV

My people are destroyed for lack of knowledge; because you have rejected knowledge, I also will reject you from being priest to me; and you have forgotten the Torah of your God — I also will forget your children.

Key wordsדָּמָה damah to cease, cause to cease, cut off, destroyמָאַס maas to reject, despise, refuseתּוֹרָה torah Torah, instruction

The cost is frightening. Speak of the commandments and the label "legalism" is attached; speak of the feasts and the label "Judaizing" is attached. People do not want to look at the side that carries a cost.

John 12:42-43 · YLV

(42) Nevertheless many even of the rulers believed in Him, but because of the Pharisees they were not confessing Him, for fear that they would be put out of the synagogue; (43) for they agapao(loved) the approval of men rather than the approval of God.

Key wordsἀγαπάω agapao to loveδόξα doxa gloryἄρχων archon a ruler, commander, chief, leader

It is a veil. Even Yeshua had to open his disciples' minds before they understood the Scriptures. It is not a matter of knowledge alone.

2 Corinthians 3:15-16 · YLV

(15) But to this day whenever Moses is read, a veil lies over their kardia(heart, soul-domain). (16) But whenever one turns to the Lord, the veil is taken away.

Key wordsκαρδία kardia heartἐπιστρέφω epistrepho to turnἀναγινώσκω anaginosko to distinguish between, to recognise

Luke 24:45 · YLV

Then He opened their nous(intellect, spiritual domain) to understand the graphai(written-scriptures),

Key wordsνοῦς nous the mindδιανοίγω dianoigo to open by dividing or drawing asunderσυνίημι syniemi to set or bring together

Is it the sphere of the antichrist?

Scripture answers "yes," but distinguishes two groups.

The spirit that teaches Torah-lessness is at work now. This is not a guess but the word of Scripture.

2 Thessalonians 2:7 · YLV

For the mystery of anomia(lawlessness) is already at work; only he who now restrains will do so until he is taken out of the way.

Key wordsμυστήριον mysterion hidden thing, secret, mysteryἀνομία anomia lawlessness, Torah-lessnessἐνεργέω energeo to be operative, be at work, put forth power

1 John 4:1 · YLV

Beloved, do not believe every pneuma(spirit), but test the pneumata(spirits) to see whether they are from God, because many false prophets have gone out into the world.

Key wordsπνεῦμα pneuma spiritδοκιμάζω dokimazo to test, examine, prove, scrutiniseπιστεύω pisteuo to believe

Matthew 24:12 · YLV

Because anomia(Torah-lessness) is multiplied, most people's love will grow cold.

Key wordsἀνομία anomia lawlessness, Torah-lessnessἀγάπη agape loveπληθύνω plethyno to increase, to multiply

But Scripture sees the teachers and the listening crowd differently. The heavier judgment falls on "whoever teaches so," while the crowd are sheep without a shepherd. One who knows and hardens, and one who holds the text and stands one step away, are not in the same place.

Matthew 5:19 · YLV

Whoever then breaks one of the least of these commandments and teaches others to do the same will be called least in the kingdom of the heavens; but whoever keeps and teaches them will be called great in the kingdom of the heavens.

Key wordsβασιλεία basileia kingdom, the king's ruleλύω lyo to loose, destroyἐντολή entole commandment

James 3:1 · YLV

Not many of you should become teachers, my brothers, knowing that we will receive a stricter krima(verdict).

Key wordsκρίμα krima judgment, verdictδιδάσκαλος didaskalos a teacherἀδελφός adelphos a brother

Matthew 9:36 · YLV

And seeing the crowds, He felt compassion for them, because they were distressed and scattered like sheep without a shepherd.

Key wordsὄχλος ochlos a crowdσπλαγχνίζομαι splanchnizomai to be moved as to one's bowelsσκύλλω skyllo to skin, flay

So the answer is this. The sphere is real and wide. But most within it are not deceivers but deceived, and what the deceived need is not a verdict but the text. The veil is removed "whenever one turns to the Lord," and it is God who grants repentance. Our part is to set the whole text before people and to answer those who ask with the text.

2 Timothy 2:24-25 · YLV

(24) The Lord's bond-servant must not be quarrelsome, but be kind to all, able to teach, patient when wronged, (25) with gentleness correcting those who are in opposition, if perhaps God may grant them metanoia(repentance, spiritual domain) leading to the epignosis(spiritual, complete knowledge) of aletheia(truth),

Key wordsμετάνοια metanoia repentance, a turning of mind and directionἐπίγνωσις epignosis full knowledgeἀλήθεια aletheia truth

John 4:35 · YLV

Do you not say, 'There are yet four months, and then comes the harvest'? Behold, I say to you, lift up your eyes and look on the fields, that they are white for harvest.

Key wordsθερισμός therismos harvest, the act of reapingἐπαίρω epairo to lift up, raise up, raise on highὀφθαλμός ophthalmos the eye

18Torah-lessness (Anomia)

Claim 78"Keeping the Torah is legalism, and that is another gospel."

What Scripture says

We look only at how Scripture uses two words: "Torah-lessness" and "another gospel." The passages below are not similar verses; they are the verses in which the word itself is written.

1. "Torah-lessness": where the word itself is written

The Greek anomia (ἀνομία) joins a- (without) and nomos (law): lawless, without law, without Torah. It is not "transgression." Breaking a law is a different Greek word, parabasis (παράβασις, transgression). Romans 4:15, "where there is no nomos, there is no parabasis," and James 2:11, "a transgressor of the nomos," use that word. One who breaks a law still acknowledges the law; anomia has no law at all. Scripture itself fixed the meaning.

VerseYLVNote
Romans 4:15for the nomos(law) produces orge(wrath) — but where there is no nomos(law), there is also no transgression.νόμος nomos(law) · ὀργή orge(anger, the natural disposition, temper)
James 2:11For He who said, "Do not commit adultery," also said, "Do not murder"; if you do not commit adultery but you murder, you have become a transgressor of the nomos(law).νόμος nomos(law) · μοιχεύω moicheuo(to commit adultery)
1 John 3:4 · YLV

Everyone who practices sin also practices anomia(Torah-lessness); sin is anomia(Torah-lessness).

Key wordsἀνομία anomia lawlessness, Torah-lessnessἁμαρτία hamartia sin

Yeshua used this word five times.

Matthew 7:22-23 · YLV

(22) Many will say to Me on that day: 'Lord, Lord, did we not prophesy in Your name, and in Your name cast out demon(individual evil spirits to be expelled)s, and in Your name perform many dynamis(miracles, power)?' (23) And then I will declare to them: 'I never knew you — depart from Me, you who work the anomia(Torah-lessness).'

Key wordsἀνομία anomia lawlessness, Torah-lessnessδύναμις dynamis powerἔρω ereo to utter, speak, say

Luke 13:27 · YLV

And He will say, 'I tell you, I do not know where you are from; depart from Me, all you workers of anomia(Torah-lessness).'"

Key wordsἔρω ereo to utter, speak, sayἀφίστημι aphistemi to make stand off, cause to withdrawἐργάτης ergates a workman, a labourer

Matthew 13:41 · YLV

The Son of Man will send forth His angels, and they will gather out of His kingdom all skandalon(stumbling-blocks) and those who work anomia(Torah-lessness),

Key wordsβασιλεία basileia kingdom, the king's ruleἀνομία anomia lawlessness, Torah-lessnessἀποστέλλω apostello to order

Matthew 23:28 · YLV

So you too outwardly appear righteous to people, but inwardly you are full of hypocrisy and anomia(Torah-lessness).

Key wordsἀνομία anomia lawlessness, Torah-lessnessφαίνω phaino to bring forth into the light, cause to shineἄνθρωπος anthropos a human being

Matthew 24:12 · YLV

Because anomia(Torah-lessness) is multiplied, most people's love will grow cold.

Key wordsἀνομία anomia lawlessness, Torah-lessnessἀγάπη agape loveπληθύνω plethyno to increase, to multiply

Depart from me; gathered out; hypocrisy and anomia; love will grow cold. Prophecy, power, and "Lord, Lord" were all there; the one thing missing was Torah. The name given to the man of the last days is this same word.

2 Thessalonians 2:3 · YLV

Let no one in any way deceive you, for it will not come unless the apostasia(falling-away) comes first, and the man of sin is revealed, the son of destruction,

Key wordsἀποστασία apostasia a falling away, defection, apostasyἐξαπατάω exapatao to deceiveτρόπος tropos a manner, way, fashion

2 Thessalonians 2:7-8 · YLV

(7) For the mystery of anomia(lawlessness) is already at work; only he who now restrains will do so until he is taken out of the way. (8) Then that lawless one will be revealed whom the Lord will slay with the breath of His mouth and bring to an end by the appearance of His parousia(presence-coming);

Key wordsμυστήριον mysterion hidden thing, secret, mysteryἀνομία anomia lawlessness, Torah-lessnessἐπιφάνεια epiphaneia an appearing, appearance

The text also states the Messiah's relation to anomia.

Hebrews 1:9 · YLV

you loved dikaiosyne(righteousness) and hated anomia(Torah-lessness); therefore God, your God, has anointed you with oil of gladness above the metochos(fellow-participant) ones with you."

Key wordsδικαιοσύνη dikaiosyne righteousnessἀνομία anomia lawlessness, Torah-lessnessμέτοχος metochos sharing in, partaking

Titus 2:14 · YLV

who gave Himself for us to redeem us from every anomia(Torah-lessness), and to purify for Himself a people for His own possession, zealous for good deeds.

Key wordsἀνομία anomia lawlessness, Torah-lessnessλυτρόω lytroo to redeem, ransomκαθαρίζω katharizo to cleanse

2 Corinthians 6:14 · YLV

Do not be bound together with unbelievers; for what partnership have dikaiosyne(righteousness) and anomia(Torah-lessness), or what koinonia(fellowship) has light with darkness?

Key wordsμετοχή metoche a sharing, communion, fellowshipδικαιοσύνη dikaiosyne righteousnessἀνομία anomia lawlessness, Torah-lessness

He hated it, he redeemed us from it, and it has no share with righteousness. This is how the new covenant deals with anomia.

Hebrews 8:12 · YLV

For I will be merciful toward their iniquities, and I will remember their sins and their anomiai(Torah-lessnesses) no more."

Key wordsἀδικία adikia unrighteousness, injusticeἁμαρτία hamartia sinἀνομία anomia lawlessness, Torah-lessness

It is what is forgiven, not a state that is permitted.

2. What the Tanakh records as the result of "forsaking the Torah"

Isaiah 5:24 · YLV

Therefore, as the tongue of fire devours stubble, and as dry grass sinks down in the flame, their root shall be like rottenness, and their blossom shall go up like dust; because they have rejected the Torah of YHWH of hosts (tzevaot), and spurned the word of the Holy One of Israel (qedosh yisrael).

Key wordsקַשׁ qash stubble, chaffלָשׁוֹן lashon tongueאֵשׁ esh fire

Isaiah 24:5-6 · YLV

(5) And the earth is defiled under its inhabitants; because they transgressed the Torah, violated the statute (choq), broke the everlasting covenant (berit). (6) Therefore a curse devours the earth, and those who dwell in it are held guilty; therefore the inhabitants of the earth are scorched, and few men are left.

Key wordsחָנֵף chaneph to be profaned, be defiled, be pollutedאָלָה alah oathאָכַל akal to eat, devour, burn up, feed

Jeremiah 9:12-13 · YLV

(12) And YHWH said: Because they have forsaken My Torah which I set before them, and have not heard My voice, nor walked in it, (13) but have walked after the stubbornness of their heart, and after the Baals, which their fathers taught them,

Key wordsשְׁרִירוּת sheriruth stubbornness, hardness, firmnessשָׁמַע shama to hear

Amos 2:4 · YLV

Thus says YHWH, "For three transgressions of Judah, and for four, I will not turn it back; because they rejected the Torah of YHWH, and did not keep his statutes (chuqqim); and their lies led them astray, after which their fathers walked.

Key wordsפֶּשַׁע pesha transgression, rebellionתּוֹרָה torah Torah, instructionשָׁמַר shamar to keep

Hosea 4:6 · YLV

My people are destroyed for lack of knowledge; because you have rejected knowledge, I also will reject you from being priest to me; and you have forgotten the Torah of your God — I also will forget your children.

Key wordsדָּמָה damah to cease, cause to cease, cut off, destroyמָאַס maas to reject, despise, refuseתּוֹרָה torah Torah, instruction

Hosea 8:12 · YLV

I write for him the multitude of my Torah; as a strange thing they are regarded.

Key wordsכָּתַב kathab to writeרֹב rob multitude, abundance, greatnessחָשַׁב chashab to reckon, count

Zechariah 7:12 · YLV

And they made their heart adamant, lest they hear the Torah and the words which YHWH of hosts (tzevaot) had sent by his spirit (ruach) by the hand of the former prophets; and great wrath came from YHWH of hosts (tzevaot).

Key wordsשׂוּם sum to put, place, set, appoint, makeשָׁמִיר shamir thornשָׁלחַ shalach to send, send away, let go, stretch out

Proverbs 28:9 · YLV

He who turns away his ear from hearing Torah, even his prayer is an abomination.

Key wordsסוּר sur to turn aside, departתּוֹרָה torah Torah, instructionתּוֹעֵבַה toebah a disgusting thing, abomination, abominable

Isaiah 8:20 · YLV

To the Torah and to the testimony (edut)! If they do not speak according to this word, it is one for which there is no dawn.

Key wordsשַׁחַר shachar dawn

Psalm 119:126 · YLV

It is time to act for YHWH; they have broken your Torah.

Key wordsפָּרַר parar to break, frustrate

Fire, curse, the Baals, I will not turn back the punishment, I also will forget, they counted it a strange thing, great wrath, even his prayer is an abomination, no dawn, it is time for YHWH to act. These are the words Scripture attaches to "forsaking the Torah." Not one place uses it in a good sense.

3. On the word "legalism"

Matthew 5:19 · YLV

Whoever then breaks one of the least of these commandments and teaches others to do the same will be called least in the kingdom of the heavens; but whoever keeps and teaches them will be called great in the kingdom of the heavens.

Key wordsβασιλεία basileia kingdom, the king's ruleλύω lyo to loose, destroyἐντολή entole commandment

Romans 2:13 · YLV

for it is not the hearers of the nomos(law) who are righteous before God, but the doers of the nomos(law) who will be justified.

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawἀκροατής akroates hearerποιητής poietes doer

Romans 3:31 · YLV

Do we then nullify the nomos(law) through faith? May it never be! On the contrary, we uphold the nomos(law).

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawκαταργέω katargeo to nullify, render powerlessπίστις pistis faith

Revelation 14:12 · YLV

Here is the steadfast endurance of the holy ones — those who keep the commandments of God and the faith of Yeshua(Jesus).

Key wordsὑπομονή hypomone enduranceπίστις pistis faithτηρέω tereo to keep

The one who does and teaches is great in the kingdom; the doers of the law are justified; faith establishes the law; and the saints are those who keep both the commandments of God and the faith of Yeshua. It is Scripture that puts the commandments and the faith of Yeshua in one verse. Scripture does not call this legalism.

4. "Another gospel": Galatians defines it itself

Scripture has two different questions. What Galatians 5:4 says is settled by seeing which question it answers.

VerseYLVNote
Galatians 5:4You have been severed from Messiah(Christ), you who are seeking to be justified by nomos(law); you have fallen from charis(grace).νόμος nomos(law) · καταργέω katargeo(to nullify, render powerless)

The first question: how is a sinner justified before God?

Genesis 15:6 · YLV

And he believed in YHWH; and he counted it to him for righteousness.

Key wordsצְדָקָה tsedaqah righteousness

Habakkuk 2:4 · YLV

Behold, the puffed up—his soul (nephesh) is not upright within him; but the righteous shall live (chai) by his faith.

Key wordsעָפַל aphal to lift up, swell, be lifted upיָשַׁר yashar to be right, be straight, be levelחָיָה chayah to live

Psalm 143:2 · YLV

And do not enter into judgment (mishpat) with your servant; for before you no one living (chai) shall be justified.

Key wordsצָדַק tsadaq to be just, be righteousחַי chay life

Galatians 2:16 · YLV

yet knowing that a man is not justified by the works of nomos(law) but through faith in Yeshua(Jesus) Messiah(Christ), even we have believed in Messiah(Christ) Yeshua(Jesus), so that we may be justified by faith in Messiah(Christ) and not by the works of nomos(law); since by the works of nomos(law) no sarx(flesh) will be justified.

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawσάρξ sarx fleshδικαιόω dikaioo to make righteous, justify

Galatians 3:11 · YLV

Now that no one is justified by nomos(law) before God is evident; for, "The righteous man shall live by faith."

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawδικαιόω dikaioo to make righteous, justifyπίστις pistis faith

Galatians 3:21 · YLV

Is the nomos(law) then contrary to the promises of God? May it never be! For if a nomos(law) had been given which was able to impart zoe(life), then dikaiosyne(righteousness) would indeed have been based on nomos(law).

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawδικαιοσύνη dikaiosyne righteousnessἐπαγγελία epangelia promise

The answer is faith. This is not something Paul said first; it is what the Torah and the Prophets say. What Paul quotes is Genesis 15:6, Habakkuk 2:4, and Psalm 143:2. And Galatians 3 verse 21 makes it plain: the Torah was never given to give life, that is, to justify. The Torah itself placed the altar and the blood within itself. It is not a book that says, keep this and be justified.

The second question: how does the justified person live?

Genesis 26:5 · YLV

because that Abraham hearkened to my voice, and kept my charge (mishmeret), my commandments (mitzvot), my statutes (chuqqot), and my Torah."

Key wordsעֵקֶב eqeb consequenceשָׁמַע shama to hear

Exodus 20:2-3 · YLV

(2) I am YHWH your God, who brought you out from the land of Egypt, from the house of servants. (3) You shall have no other gods before My face.

Key wordsעֶבֶד ebed servantאַחֵר acher other

Galatians 5:13-14 · YLV

(13) For you were called to freedom, brothers; only do not turn your freedom into an opportunity for sarx(flesh), but through agape(love) serve one another. (14) For the whole nomos(law) is fulfilled in one logos(word), in the statement, "You shall agape(love) your neighbor as yourself."

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawσάρξ sarx fleshἀγάπη agape love

Galatians 6:2 · YLV

Bear one another's burdens, and thereby fulfill the nomos(law) of Messiah(Christ).

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawβάρος baros heaviness, weight, burden, troubleβαστάζω bastazo to take up with the hands

Romans 3:31 · YLV

Do we then nullify the nomos(law) through faith? May it never be! On the contrary, we uphold the nomos(law).

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawκαταργέω katargeo to nullify, render powerlessπίστις pistis faith

The answer is the Torah. Look at the order. Abraham was counted righteous by faith in Genesis 15, and Genesis 26 says he kept the Torah. Israel was first brought out in Exodus 20 verse 2 and received the commandments from verse 3. Salvation first; the Torah is the way of the saved. And Paul, who says in Galatians 5 verse 4 that "the one seeking to be justified by law is severed," says ten verses later in 5 verse 14, "the whole law is fulfilled." Same letter, same chapter. If Galatians 5 verse 4 meant do not keep the Torah, 5 verse 14 could not exist.

Galatians 5:4 is spoken to the one who put the Torah into the first question.

Galatians 5:4 · YLV

You have been severed from Messiah(Christ), you who are seeking to be justified by nomos(law); you have fallen from charis(grace).

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawκαταργέω katargeo to nullify, render powerlessδικαιόω dikaioo to make righteous, justify

Galatians 5:3 · YLV

And I testify again to every man who receives circumcision, that he is under obligation to keep the whole nomos(law).

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawμαρτύρομαι martyromai to cite a witness, bring forward a witnessἄνθρωπος anthropos a human being

The verb in Galatians 5 verse 4 is not "keep" but "be justified" (dikaioō, δικαιόω). What is rebuked is not keeping the Torah but seeking to be justified by it, that is, the teaching that one must be circumcised to be justified (5 verse 3). That is the "another gospel" Galatians speaks of: the answer to the first question changed from faith to Torah.

So there are two ways to go wrong.

Putting the Torah into the first question: "keep it to be justified." Galatians 5:4 calls this being severed. That is legalism. Taking the Torah out of the second question: "I am justified, so the Torah is not needed." 1 John 3:4 calls this anomia, and Matthew 7:23 says, "depart from me."

Keep the Torah is the answer to the second question; Galatians 5:4 is the answer to the first. Different answers to different questions. Mixing the two into one question is where "keeping the Torah is legalism" comes from.

Therefore, in Scripture "Torah-lessness" is never once used in a good sense. The words attached to it are depart, gathered out, son of destruction, he hated, fire, curse, wrath. Keep the Torah is not another gospel; it is the place where Abraham, who first received the gospel, stood.

19The First-Century Ekklesia — One Synagogue, One Scripture

Claim 79"In the first century, too, Gentile believers simply believed in Jesus in the church, and the Torah belonged to the Jewish synagogue. Today's church is that very Gentile church. Food, purity, the Sabbath, and the feasts are the business of the synagogue, not of the church."

What Scripture says

This claim rests on one picture: that in the first century, as now, the church met on its own and the synagogue met on its own. Whether that picture is right, Acts has recorded — where the Gentile believers gathered, and what Scripture they heard.

1. The reason attached to the four things given to the Gentiles

What the Jerusalem council sent to the Gentile believers was four things (question 49). But in the very next verse after naming them, James attached a reason.

Acts 15:20-21 · YLV

(20) but that we write to them that they abstain from things contaminated by idols and from sexual immorality and from what is strangled and from blood. (21) For Moses from ancient generations has in every city those who proclaim him, since he is read in the synagogues every sabbaton(referring to every Moed of Leviticus 23)."

Key wordsΜωσῆς Moseus Mosesἀναγινώσκω anaginosko to distinguish between, to recogniseσυναγωγή synagoge a bringing together, gathering

What the Gentile believers would hear in the synagogue every sabbaton was Moses — the Torah itself. There was no Torah shortened or edited for Gentiles. That reading contains Leviticus 11 on food, chapters 12–15 on purity, and chapter 23 on the sabbaton and the moedim. The four things were not the end but the threshold for sitting together on the first day; the rest was to be learned by hearing the Torah in the synagogue.

2. Gentiles sat together in the Jewish synagogue

Not one synagogue for Gentiles alone appears anywhere in Scripture. The places Paul entered were the synagogues of Jews living in the dispersion, and there Gentiles who "feared God" sat together and heard the reading of the Torah and the Prophets.

Acts 13:14-16 · YLV

(14) But going on from Perga, they arrived at Pisidian Antioch, and on the sabbatons(referring to every Moed of Leviticus 23) day they went into the synagogue and sat down. (15) After the reading of the nomos(law) and the Prophets, the synagogue officials sent to them, saying, "Brothers, if you have any logos(word) of paraklesis(the act of coming alongside to call, comfort, exhortation) for the people, say it." (16) Paul stood up, and motioning with his hand said, "Men of Israel, and you who fear God, listen:

Key wordsφοβέω phobeo to put to flight by terrifyingἀνάγνωσις anagnosis From G314συναγωγή synagoge a bringing together, gathering

Acts 13:42-44 · YLV

(42) As Paul and Barnabas were going out, the people kept begging that these rhema(spoken-word)s might be spoken to them the next sabbaton(referring to every Moed of Leviticus 23). (43) Now when the synagogue had broken up, many of the Jews and of the God-fearing proselytes followed Paul and Barnabas, who, speaking to them, were urging them to continue in the charis(grace) of God. (44) The next sabbaton(referring to every Moed of Leviticus 23) nearly the whole city assembled to hear the logos(word) of God.

Key wordsἔθνος ethnos a multitudeσάββατον sabbaton sabbath, sabbaton — every appointed sabbath of the moedimσέβομαι sebomai to revere, to worship

Acts 14:1 · YLV

In Iconium they entered the synagogue of the Jews together, and spoke in such a manner that a large number of people believed, both of Jews and of Greeks.

Key wordsἸκόνιον Ikonion Iconiumεἰσέρχομαι eiserchomai to go out or come inσυναγωγή synagoge a bringing together, gathering

Acts 17:2-4 · YLV

(2) And according to Paul's custom, he went to them, and for three sabbatons(referring to every Moed of Leviticus 23) reasoned with them from the graphe(written-scripture)s, (3) explaining and giving evidence that the Messiah(Christ) had to suffer and rise again from the dead, and saying, "This Yeshua(Jesus) whom I am proclaiming to you is the Messiah(Christ)." (4) And some of them were persuaded and joined Paul and Silas, along with a large number of the God-fearing Greeks and a number of the leading women.

Key wordsγραφή graphe Scripture, what is writtenδιανοίγω dianoigo to open by dividing or drawing asunderπαρατίθημι paratithemi to place beside or near or set before

Acts 18:4 · YLV

And he was reasoning in the synagogue every sabbaton(referring to every Moed of Leviticus 23) and trying to persuade Jews and Greeks.

Key wordsδιαλέγομαι dialegomai to think different things with one's selfσυναγωγή synagoge a bringing together, gatheringσάββατον sabbaton sabbath, sabbaton — every appointed sabbath of the moedim

Jews and Greeks heard the same reading, on the same sabbaton, in one synagogue. For Paul that was "his custom."

3. There were also ekklesias that met in houses

The New Testament also speaks of "the ekklesia in their house."

Romans 16:5 · YLV

Greet also the ekklesia(called-out community) at their house. Greet my beloved Epaenetus, who is a first fruit of Achaia for Messiah(Christ).

Key wordsοἶκος oikos a houseἐκκλησία ekklesia a gathering of citizens called out from their homes into some public placeἀσπάζομαι aspazomai to draw to one's self

1 Corinthians 16:19 · YLV

The ekklesiai(called-out communities) of Asia greet you; Aquila and Prisca greet you warmly in the Lord, with the ekklesia(called-out community) that is in their house.

Key wordsἐκκλησία ekklesia a gathering of citizens called out from their homes into some public placeοἶκος oikos a houseἀσπάζομαι aspazomai to draw to one's self

Colossians 4:15 · YLV

Greet the brothers who are in Laodicea and also Nympha and the ekklesia(called-out community) that is in her house.

Key wordsἐκκλησία ekklesia a gathering of citizens called out from their homes into some public placeοἶκος oikos a houseἀσπάζομαι aspazomai to draw to one's self

Philemon 1:2 · YLV

and to Apphia our beloved, and to Archippus our fellow soldier, and to the ekklesia(called-out community) in your house:

Key wordsἐκκλησία ekklesia a gathering of citizens called out from their homes into some public placeοἶκος oikos a houseσυστρατιώτης systratiotes a fellow soldier

Prisca and Aquila, Nympha, Philemon: in the houses of three households the ekklesia met. The temple stood only in Jerusalem, and the believers of that Jerusalem taught "daily in the temple and from house to house."

Acts 5:42 · YLV

and every day, in the temple and from house to house, they did not cease to teach and proclaim Yeshua(Jesus) as the Messiah(Christ).

Key wordsἡμέρα hemera dayἱερόν hieron a sacred place, templeοἶκος oikos a house

Then the objection may come: in the Gentile regions where there was no temple, were not the synagogue and the house ekklesia separate from each other? But the text does not record it that way. The place where Priscilla and Aquila, who opened their house to the ekklesia, first met Apollos in Ephesus was the synagogue.

Acts 18:26 · YLV

And he began to speak out with parresia(boldness) in the synagogue; but when Priscilla and Aquila heard him, they took him aside and explained to him the way of God more accurately.

Key wordsσυναγωγή synagoge a bringing together, gatheringἈκύλας Akylas Aquilaπαρῥησιάζομαι parrhesiazomai to use freedom in speaking, be free spoken

In Corinth too, Paul stayed and worked in the house of Aquila the Jew, and every sabbaton he reasoned in the synagogue.

Acts 18:2-4 · YLV

(2) And he found a Jew named Aquila, a native of Pontus, having recently come from Italy with his wife Priscilla, because Claudius had commanded all the Jews to leave Rome; and he came to them, (3) and because he was of the same trade, he stayed with them and they were working together; for by trade they were tent-makers. (4) And he was reasoning in the synagogue every sabbaton(referring to every Moed of Leviticus 23) and trying to persuade Jews and Greeks.

Key wordsἸουδαῖος Ioudaios Jewish, belonging to the Jewish nationσυναγωγή synagoge a bringing together, gatheringσάββατον sabbaton sabbath, sabbaton — every appointed sabbath of the moedim

Just as in Jerusalem the temple and the house went together, in the Gentile regions the synagogue and the house went together. Meeting in a house and going to the synagogue were not a matter of choosing one of the two.

There were times of coming away from the synagogue, but that came from opposition, not from a plan. In Corinth the place Paul went was a house joined to the synagogue, and the ruler of the synagogue believed. In Ephesus too, he moved only after teaching in the synagogue for three months.

Acts 18:6-8 · YLV

(6) But when they resisted and blasphemed, he shook out his garments and said to them, "Your blood be on your own heads! I am clean; from now on I will go to the Gentiles." (7) Then he left there and went to the house of a man named Justus, a worshiper of God, whose house was next to the synagogue. (8) Crispus, the leader of the synagogue, believed in the Lord with all his household, and many of the Corinthians when they heard were believing and being baptized.

Key wordsσυναγωγή synagoge a bringing together, gatheringσυνομορέω synomoreo to border on, be contiguous toἀρχισυνάγωγος archisynagogos ruler of the synagogue

Acts 19:8-9 · YLV

(8) And he entered the synagogue and continued speaking out with parresia(boldness) for three months, reasoning and persuading them about the kingdom of God. (9) But when some were becoming hardened and disobedient, speaking evil of the Way before the people, he withdrew from them and took away the disciples, reasoning daily in the school of Tyrannus.

Key wordsσυναγωγή synagoge a bringing together, gatheringἀφορίζω aphorizo to mark off from others by boundariesσχολή schole freedom from labour

And what was read in the ekklesia that met in houses was the same Scripture. The word in Paul's charge to Timothy, "devote yourself to the reading (anagnosis)," is the same word as the synagogue's "reading of the nomos and the Prophets" (Acts 13:15).

1 Timothy 4:13 · YLV

Until I come, give attention to the public reading of scripture, to paraklesis(the act of coming alongside to call, comfort, exhortation) and teaching.

Key wordsἀνάγνωσις anagnosis From G314παράκλησις paraklesis a calling near, summonsδιδασκαλία didaskalia teaching, instruction

Whether they met in a synagogue or in a house, the Scripture was one, and what was read aloud was Moses and the Prophets.

4. There was only one Scripture

When Paul writes "all Scripture is God-breathed," that Scripture is the Scripture Timothy had known from childhood. The New Testament had not yet been gathered into one book. The sacred writings Timothy knew from childhood were the Torah, the Prophets, and the Writings — the Old Testament.

2 Timothy 3:15-16 · YLV

(15) and that from childhood you have known the sacred writings which are able to give you the sophia(wisdom) that leads to Salvation through faith which is in Messiah(Christ) Yeshua(Jesus). (16) All graphe(written-scripture) is God-breathed and profitable for teaching, for reproof, for correction, for paideia(training, discipline) in dikaiosyne(righteousness);

Key wordsγραφή graphe Scripture, what is writtenπαιδεία paideia the whole training and education of childrenδικαιοσύνη dikaiosyne righteousness

Acts 17:11 · YLV

Now these were more noble-minded than those in Thessalonica, for they received the logos(word) with great eagerness, examining the graphe(written-scripture)s daily to see whether these things were so.

Key wordsγραφή graphe Scripture, what is writtenΘεσσαλονίκη Thessalonike Thessalonicaδέχομαι dechomai to take with the hand

The graphe the Bereans searched daily to see whether Paul's gospel was true was also the Old Testament. A faith that says "you don't need to know the Old Testament, just believe in Jesus" did not exist in the first century. The first man to teach that the Old Testament should be thrown out and only Jesus kept was Marcion in the second century, and for that teaching he was expelled as a heretic from the community of believers in Rome.

5. Torah-less hands, and thousands gathering daily in the temple

Yeshua was handed over to the hands of those without Torah and put to death.

Acts 2:23 · YLV

this man, delivered over by the determined plan and foreknowledge of God, you nailed to a cross by the hands of athemitos(lawless) men and put to death.

Key wordsἄνομος anomos destitute ofὁρίζω horizo to defineπρόγνωσις prognosis foreknowledge

The "lawless men" here are the Greek anomos (ἄνομος) — those without Torah. It is the same word 2 Thessalonians 2:8 uses as the name of that man of the last days (question 78). Yet when the resurrection and ascension were proclaimed at Shavuot, thousands at a time returned, and they gathered daily in the temple.

VerseYLVNote
2 Thessalonians 2:8Then that lawless one will be revealed whom the Lord will slay with the breath of His mouth and bring to an end by the appearance of His parousia(presence-coming);ἐπιφάνεια epiphaneia(an appearing, appearance) · παρουσία parousia(presence)
Acts 2:41 · YLV

So those who gladly received his logos(word) were baptized, and that day about three thousand psyche(soul)s were added.

Key wordsψυχή psyche soulἀποδέχομαι apodechomai to accept from, receiveλόγος logos word

Acts 2:46-47 · YLV

(46) And day by day, devoting themselves with one mind in the temple and breaking bread from house to house, they were sharing food with joy and singleness of kardia(heart, soul-domain), (47) praising God and having charis(grace) with all the people; and the Lord was adding those being saved day by day to the ekklesia(called-out community).

Key wordsκαρδία kardia heartαἰνέω aineo to praise, extolἡμέρα hemera day

Acts 4:4 · YLV

But many of those who had heard the logos(word) believed, and the number of the men came to be about five thousand.

Key wordsἀκούω akouo to hearλόγος logos wordπιστεύω pisteuo to believe

The place where those added to the ekklesia gathered was the temple. "Continuing" is the Greek proskartereo (προσκαρτερέω, to hold fast to), the same word used four verses earlier when they "continued" in the apostles' teaching, fellowship, breaking of bread, and prayers (Acts 2:42). They held fast to the temple just as they held fast to the apostles' teaching. And more than twenty years later the picture was the same.

VerseYLVNote
Acts 2:42And they were devoting themselves to the apostles' teaching and to koinonia(fellowship) and to breaking of bread and to prayers.ἀπόστολος apostolos(a delegate, messenger) · κοινωνία koinonia(fellowship, association, community, communion)
Acts 21:20 · YLV

And when they heard it they began glorifying God; and they said to him, "You see, brother, how many thousands there are among the Jews of those who have believed, and they are all zealous for the nomos(law);

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawἀκούω akouo to hearδοξάζω doxazo to think, suppose, be of opinion

Paul, the apostle to the Gentiles, was no different. Paul was born not in the land of Israel but in Tarsus of Cilicia, and he was a Roman citizen from birth.

Acts 22:3 · YLV

"I am a Jew, born in Tarsus of Cilicia, but brought up in this city, educated under Gamaliel, strictly according to the nomos(law) of our fathers, being zealous for God just as you all are today.

Key wordsΤαρσός Tarsos Tarsusγεννάω gennao to beget, be bornπαιδεύω paideuo to train, discipline

Acts 22:28 · YLV

The commander answered, "I acquired this citizenship with a large sum of money." And Paul said, "But I was actually born a citizen."

Key wordsπολιτεία politeia the administration of civil affairsγεννάω gennao to beget, be bornκτάομαι ktaomai to acquire, get

Then the objection may come: is not going up to Jerusalem for the feasts the business of Jews born in the land? But the Torah commanded going up three times a year to the place YHWH would choose, and Paul, a Roman citizen born in Gentile land, went up just as it commanded.

Deuteronomy 16:16 · YLV

Three times in the year all your males shall appear before the face of YHWH your God, in the place that He will choose: at the feast (chag) of unleavened bread, and at the feast (chag) of weeks, and at the feast (chag) of booths; and they shall not appear before the face of YHWH empty.

Key wordsחַג chag festival, feast, festival-gatheringשָׁבוּעַ shabua seven, period of sevenבָּחַר bachar to choose

Paul sailed from Philippi after the days of Unleavened Bread, and hurried to reach Jerusalem before Pentecost.

Acts 20:6 · YLV

We sailed from Philippi after the days of Unleavened Bread, and came to them at Troas within five days; and there we stayed seven days.

Key wordsἄζυμος azymos unfermented, free from leaven or yeastἐκπλέω ekpleo to sail from, sail away, depart by shipΦίλιπποι Philippoi Philippi

Acts 20:16 · YLV

For Paul had krino(decided) to sail past Ephesus so that he would not have to spend chronos(chronological-time) in Asia; for he was hurrying to be in Jerusalem, if possible, on the day of Pentecost.

Key wordsπεντηκοστή pentekoste Pentecostσπεύδω speudo to haste, make hasteἹεροσόλυμα Hierosolyma Jerusalem

Pentecost is the Greek name (pentekoste); it is the Torah's Feast of Weeks (Shavuot), one of the three feasts of Deuteronomy 16:16. And Paul actually went up and entered the temple. Before the governor he said the reason he went up to Jerusalem was "to worship" and "to bring offerings," and when he was seized in the temple he had already completed the rite of purification (questions 46, 76).

Acts 24:11 · YLV

since you can take note of the fact that no more than twelve days ago I went up to Jerusalem to worship.

Key wordsἀναβαίνω anabaino ascendπροσκυνέω proskyneo to worshipἹερουσαλήμ Hierousalem Jerusalem

Acts 24:17-19 · YLV

(17) Now after several years I came to bring alms to my nation and to present offerings; (18) in which they found me occupied in the temple, having been purified, without any crowd or uproar; but there were some Jews from Asia — (19) who ought to have been present before you and to make accusation, if they should have anything against me.

Key wordsπροσφορά prosphora offeringἁγνίζω hagnizo ceremoniallyἱερόν hieron a sacred place, temple

Those who believed were tens of thousands, and all were zealous for the Torah. Faith that obeys the Torah — that was the face of the first-century ekklesia that grew up beside the apostles.

6. When did they separate?

The church and the synagogue becoming separate happened after Scripture was written, and it came not all at once but in stages.

WhenWhat happened
Around 30Shavuot. Believers gather daily in the temple
Around 57Tens of thousands of Jewish believers, all zealous for the Torah
62James the Lord's brother martyred
64The great fire of Rome and Nero's persecution
Around 64–67Paul and Peter martyred
70Destruction of the Jerusalem temple
80s–90sA curse on heretics (minim) enters the synagogue prayer, becoming an occasion for believers in Yeshua to be pushed out of the synagogue
132–135The Bar Kokhba revolt. Believers who would not follow him as Messiah grow further from the Jewish community
Around 144Marcion, who wanted to discard the Old Testament, is expelled as a heretic
4th centuryChurch councils forbid the sabbaton rest and the Jewish feasts

Not one row of this table is inside Scripture. Until Acts ends, Gentile believers were with the Jews in one synagogue and one Scripture.

7. What changed

So the saying "food, purity, the sabbaton, and the moedim are the synagogue's business, not the church's" is not a first-century saying. It reads Acts 15 backwards through a framework formed after the church and synagogue separated. Taken by themselves, the four things of Acts 15 make the food laws look unclear for Gentiles; read together with verse 21 right after them, the unclarity disappears. The Gentile believer stood where, hearing Moses read every sabbaton, he would learn all of it.

Today's church is very different from the first-century ekklesia. If that difference is not admitted and the first-century ekklesia is forced to overlap today's church, Scripture cannot be read as Scripture. The food laws and purity laws, the sabbaton and the moedim, are the first things to be read that way.

Claim 80"Whether you eat pork or not is a matter of personal conscience. Whatever a pastor eats has nothing to do with leading holy worship and preaching the word."

What Scripture says

This claim lays today's church directly over the time the New Testament was written. So first we must set right when, and in what world, the New Testament was written. Then we look at who held the holy tasks of the synagogue and the temple in that world, and finally at how the Torah joins food to the holy place.

1. The New Testament was written while the temple stood

Yeshua spoke of the temple's fall as something still to come.

Matthew 24:1-2 · YLV

(1) Yeshua(Jesus) came out from the temple and was going away when His disciples came up to point out the temple buildings to Him. (2) And He said to them: "Do you not see all these things? Truly I say to you, not one stone here will be left upon another which will not be torn down."

Key wordsἱερόν hieron a sacred place, templeλίθος lithos stoneκαταλύω katalyo to tear down, abolish

Yet no book of the New Testament records this word as fulfilled — the temple as fallen — as a past event. Instead Hebrews writes that priests are offering sacrifices now.

Hebrews 8:4 · YLV

Now if He were on earth, He would not be a priest at all, since there are priests who offer doron(offerings, gifts) according to the nomos(law).

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawδῶρον doron giftγῆ ge arable land

Hebrews 9:8-9 · YLV

(8) By this the hagio(holy) pneuma(spirit) was indicating that the way into the holy places was not yet opened as long as the first tent was still standing — (9) this is a parable for the present kairos(appointed-time), in which doron(offerings, gifts) and sacrifices are offered that cannot perfect the worshiper in terms of conscience,

Key wordsσκηνή skene tent, tabernacleκαιρός kairos appointed timeθυσία thysia sacrifice

Hebrews 10:11 · YLV

And every priest stands daily, ministering and offering the same sacrifices repeatedly — sacrifices that can never take away sins.

Key wordsἱερεύς hiereus a priestἵστημι histemi to establish, upholdἡμέρα hemera day

"There are priests," "while the first tabernacle is still standing," "at this time are offered," "stands daily." All are present things. Acts too ends with Paul alive and teaching in Rome.

Acts 28:30-31 · YLV

(30) And he stayed two full years in his own rented quarters and was welcoming all who came to him, (31) preaching the kingdom of God and teaching concerning the Lord Yeshua(Jesus) Messiah(Christ) with all parresia(openness, boldness), unhindered.

Key wordsβασιλεία basileia kingdom, the king's ruleμένω meno to remain, abideκηρύσσω kerysso to proclaim

Acts has no martyrdom of James the Lord's brother (62), no persecution under Nero (64), no martyrdom of Paul, no destruction of the temple (70). Apart from Revelation, the New Testament is a book written in a world where the temple stood, priests offered sacrifices daily, and Moses was read in the synagogue every sabbaton. Move that world into the shape of the second- and third-century church and read it there, and words not in the text begin to come out of the text.

2. Those who held the holy tasks in that world

The New Testament has recorded who, in that time, read the Torah and the Prophets in the synagogue, who served in the temple, and who led the ekklesia.

Luke 4:16-17 · YLV

(16) And He came to Nazareth, where He had been brought up, and entered the synagogue on the day of the sabbatons(referring to every Moed of Leviticus 23) according to His custom, and stood up to read. (17) And the biblion(scroll) of the prophet Isaiah was handed to Him, and He unrolled the biblion(scroll) and found the place where it was written:

Key wordsσυναγωγή synagoge a bringing together, gatheringἀναγινώσκω anaginosko to distinguish between, to recogniseβιβλίον biblion book

Acts 6:7 · YLV

And the logos(word) of God was growing and the number of the disciples in Jerusalem was greatly multiplying, and a large group of the priests were becoming obedient to the faith.

Key wordsἱερεύς hiereus a priestὑπακούω hypakouo to listen, to harkenπίστις pistis faith

Acts 10:14 · YLV

But Peter said, "By no means, Lord, for I have never eaten anything koinos(common, worldly) or akathartos(impure, unclean)."

Key wordsκοινός koinos common, profaneἀκάθαρτος akathartos not cleansed, uncleanφάγω phago to eat

Acts 21:26 · YLV

Then Paul took the men, and the next day, purifying himself along with them, went into the temple giving notice of the completion of the days of purification, until the sacrifice was offered for each one of them.

Key wordsἁγνισμός hagnismos purification, expiationἱερόν hieron a sacred place, templeπροσφορά prosphora offering

Acts 24:14 · YLV

But this I admit to you, that according to the Way which they call a sect I do serve the God of our fathers, believing everything that is in accordance with the nomos(law) and that is written in the Prophets;

Key wordsαἵρεσις hairesis act of taking, captureνόμος nomos lawὁμολογέω homologeo to confess, declare

Acts 25:8 · YLV

while Paul said in his own defense, "I have committed no offense either against the nomos(law) of the Jews or against the temple or against Caesar."

Key wordsνόμος nomos lawἀπολογέομαι apologeomai to defend one's self, make one's defenceἱερόν hieron a sacred place, temple

Yeshua reading the scroll in the synagogue, a great company of priests obedient to the faith, Peter who had never once eaten anything unclean, Paul who performed the rite of purification and entered the temple. These were the ones who held the holy tasks in that time.

What pork meant in that time, one feast tells.

John 10:22-23 · YLV

(22) At that time the Feast of Dedication took place in Jerusalem; it was winter, (23) and Yeshua(Jesus) was walking in the temple in the portico of Solomon.

Key wordsἐγκαίνια enkainia dedication, consecrationἱερόν hieron a sacred place, templeπεριπατέω peripateo to walk, conduct oneself

Hanukkah means dedication. It is the feast remembering how, when a Gentile king defiled the temple, offered swine on the altar, and forced the people to eat pork, they refused to eat, resisted with their lives, retook the temple, purified it again, and dedicated it. Yeshua was in the temple at that feast.

So nowhere in the New Testament does even one person appear who ate pork while reading the Torah in the synagogue, serving in the temple, or holding a holy task in the ekklesia. In that time such a person could not even be imagined. "Whatever you eat has nothing to do with preaching the word" is not a saying from the New Testament's world. It comes from moving the time the New Testament was written to a later age and reading it there (questions 79, 77).

3. Eating what is unclean makes a person unclean

In the Torah the point of the food laws is not the stomach but the state of the one who eats.

Leviticus 11:8 · YLV

Of their flesh (basar) you shall not eat, and their carcasses you shall not touch; they are unclean to you.

Key wordsאָכַל akal to eat, devour, burn up, feedנָגַע naga to touch, reach, strikeטָמֵא tame unclean, impure

Leviticus 11:43-44 · YLV

(43) Do not make your souls (nephesh) detestable with any swarming thing that swarms, and do not make yourselves unclean with them, that you should be made unclean by them. (44) For I am YHWH your God; and you shall sanctify yourselves, and you shall be holy, for I am holy; and you shall not defile your souls (nephesh) with any swarming thing that creeps upon the earth.

Key wordsשָׁקַץ shaqats you make detestableטָמֵא tame to be unclean, become unclean, become impureקָדוֹשׁ qadosh sacred, holy, Holy One, saint, set apart

"Unclean" is the Hebrew tame (טָמֵא). The one who eats what is unclean becomes unclean. And Peter wrote the closing words of Leviticus 11, "Be holy, for I am holy," straight to the church (1 Peter 1:16).

VerseYLVNote
1 Peter 1:16since it is written, "Be holy, for I am holy."γράφω grapho(to write) · ἅγιος hagios(holy)

4. Approaching holy things while unclean means being cut off

Becoming unclean happens in the course of life. What the Torah forbids is approaching holy things while unclean. That is why the unclean had to leave the holy place.

Leviticus 7:21 · YLV

And a soul (nephesh), when it touches anything unclean — the uncleanness of man (adam), or an unclean beast, or any unclean detestable thing — and eats of the flesh (basar) of the sacrifice of the peace offerings which is to YHWH, that soul (nephesh) shall be cut off from its peoples.

Key wordsטֻמאָה tumah uncleannessכָּרַת karath to cut, cut off, cut downשֶׁלֶם shelem peace offering, requital

Leviticus 15:31 · YLV

And you shall separate the sons of Israel from their uncleanness, that they die not in their uncleanness, when they defile My tabernacle (mishkan) that is in their midst.

Key wordsטֻמאָה tumah uncleannessמִשְׁכָּן mishkan dwelling place, tabernacleמוּת muth to die, kill, have one executed

Numbers 5:2-3 · YLV

(2) "Command (tzivvah) the sons of Israel, that they send out from the camp every leper, and everyone who has a discharge, and everyone unclean by a soul (nephesh). (3) From male to female you shall send out; to outside the camp you shall send them, that they not defile their camps, in the midst of which I am dwelling."

Key wordsנְקֵבָה neqebah femaleשָׁלחַ shalach to send, send away, let go, stretch outצָרַע tsara to be diseased of skin, be leprous

Numbers 19:20 · YLV

And the man (ish) that is unclean and does not purify himself, that soul (nephesh) shall be cut off from the midst of the assembly, because he has defiled the sanctuary of YHWH; the water of impurity has not been dashed upon him; he is unclean.

Key wordsטָמֵא tame to be unclean, become unclean, become impureחָטָא chata to sin, miss, miss the way, go wrongמִקְדָּשׁ miqdash sacred place, sanctuary, holy place

Cut off; so that they not die; send them outside the camp. The reason is one: "for I dwell among them." Paul performing the rite of purification first, before entering the temple (Acts 21:26), also followed this rule.

5. The New Testament community is a temple, and the Lord's table is an altar

Paul called the church at Corinth — mostly Gentiles — the temple of God, and applied the words of Isaiah directly to that temple.

2 Corinthians 6:16-17 · YLV

(16) Or what agreement has the naos(temple, inner-sanctuary) of God with idols? For we are the naos(temple, inner-sanctuary) of the living God; just as God said, "I will dwell in them and walk among them; and I will be their God, and they shall be My people." (17) "Therefore, come out from their midst and be separate," says the Lord, "and do not touch what is akatharton(unclean); and I will welcome you."

Key wordsναός naos sanctuary, templeἀκάθαρτος akathartos not cleansed, uncleanἀφορίζω aphorizo to mark off from others by boundaries

"Touch nothing unclean" is a quotation of Isaiah 52:11.

VerseYLVNote
Isaiah 52:11Depart, depart, go out from there, touch no unclean thing; go out from her midst, be clean, you who bear the vessels of YHWH.סוּר sur(to turn aside, depart) · נָגַע naga(to touch, reach, strike)
Isaiah 52:11 · YLV

Depart, depart, go out from there, touch no unclean thing; go out from her midst, be clean, you who bear the vessels of YHWH.

Key wordsטָמֵא tame unclean, impureנָגַע naga to touch, reach, strikeבָּרַר barar to purify, select, polish, choose, purge

2 Corinthians 7:1 · YLV

Therefore, having these promises, beloved, let us cleanse ourselves from all defilement of sarx(flesh) and pneuma(spirit), perfecting holiness in the fear of God.

Key wordsσάρξ sarx fleshπνεῦμα pneuma spiritἐπαγγελία epangelia promise

And at the Lord's table there were those who actually fell sick and died. Paul compared the Lord's table to the sacrifices of the altar, and Leviticus 7 says whoever eats a sacrifice while unclean is cut off (question 74).

1 Corinthians 10:18 · YLV

Look at Israel according to sarx(flesh): are not those who eat the sacrifices sharers in the altar?

Key wordsσάρξ sarx fleshβλέπω blepo to see, discern, of the bodily eyeἐσθίω esthio to eat

1 Corinthians 11:28-30 · YLV

(28) But a man must examine himself, and in so doing he is to eat of the bread and drink of the cup. (29) For the one who eats and drinks, eats and drinks krima(verdict) to himself if he does not diakrino(active: discern) the body of the Lord. (30) For this reason many among you are weak and sick, and a number sleep.

Key wordsκρίμα krima judgment, verdictδιακρίνω diakrino to separate, make a distinction, discriminateδοκιμάζω dokimazo to test, examine, prove, scrutinise

6. In that time, how far could a Gentile who "only listened" come in?

Today anyone can come into a church building and sit down. But the world in which the New Testament was written was different. The temple had a boundary Gentiles could not cross, and the mere suspicion that it had been crossed shook the whole city.

Acts 21:28-30 · YLV

(28) crying out, "Men of Israel, come to our aid! This is the man who preaches to all men everywhere against our people and the nomos(law) and this place; and besides he has even brought Greeks into the temple and has defiled this holy place." (29) For they had previously seen Trophimus the Ephesian in the city with him, and they supposed that Paul had brought him into the temple. (30) Then all the city was provoked, and the people rushed together, and taking hold of Paul they dragged him out of the temple, and immediately the doors were shut.

Key wordsἝλλην Hellen a Greekἱερόν hieron a sacred place, templeκοινόω koinoo to make common

Trophimus was a Gentile who believed alongside Paul. Even so, the mere "thought" that he had gone into the temple set off a riot. On the stone balustrade before the inner court an inscription warned that any Gentile who went within would not escape death. The places where a Gentile could listen were outside that boundary — the Court of the Gentiles and Solomon's Portico.

The table was the same.

Acts 10:28 · YLV

And he said to them, "You yourselves know how athemitos(lawless) it is for a man who is a Jew to associate with a foreigner or to visit him; and yet God has shown me that I should not call any man koinos(common, worldly) or akathartos(impure, unclean).

Key wordsἀθέμιτος athemitos contrary to law and justiceκοινός koinos common, profaneἀκάθαρτος akathartos not cleansed, unclean

Acts 11:2-3 · YLV

(2) And when Peter came up to Jerusalem, those who were circumcised took issue with him, (3) saying, "You went to uncircumcised men and ate with them."

Key wordsἀκροβυστία akrobystia having the foreskin, uncircumcisedσυνεσθίω synesthio to eat with, take food together withδιακρίνω diakrino to separate, make a distinction, discriminate

So a Gentile who enjoyed pork with no connection to the Torah had little room to stand in that world. He could go as far as listening at the back of a synagogue or in the Court of the Gentiles, but without hiding what he ate he could not sit at a Jewish believer's table. He could not enter the inner court of the temple, and receiving the scroll to read in the synagogue or leading the ekklesia was unthinkable. To come closer he had to leave that life. The four things of Acts 15 were the threshold of that first day, and learning by hearing Moses every sabbaton (Acts 15:21) was the road after it.

VerseYLVNote
Acts 15:21For Moses from ancient generations has in every city those who proclaim him, since he is read in the synagogues every sabbaton(referring to every Moed of Leviticus 23)."Μωσῆς Moseus(Moses) · γενεά genea(fathered, birth, nativity)

Few today speak of this distinction. But it was not the apostles who removed it. Nowhere in Acts is there such a decision, and the apostles lived within that distinction to the end. While the temple fell, the church and synagogue separated, the teaching to discard the Old Testament came in, and the keeping of the sabbaton and the moedim was forbidden (question 79), it was corrupted one piece at a time, and today's picture is where that ended. The word has not changed. Whoever comes to the holy assembly and shares in the Lord's table stands where Leviticus 7 and 1 Corinthians 11 stand, and whoever leads that assembly and teaches stands in the heaviest place.

7. The work of the one who leads is to teach the distinction

The work the Torah gave the priests was exactly this distinction, and teaching it to the people.

Leviticus 10:10-11 · YLV

(10) and to make a distinction between the holy and the common, and between the unclean and the clean; (11) and to teach the sons of Israel all the statutes (chuqqim) which YHWH has spoken to them by the hand of Moses."

Key wordsבָּדַל badal to divide, separateחֹל chol profaneness, commonness, unholy, profaneיָרָה yarah to throw, shoot, cast, pour

Ezekiel rebuked the priests who did not do that work like this.

Ezekiel 22:26 · YLV

Her priests have done violence to my Torah, and they have profaned my holy things; between holy and common they have not separated, and between the unclean and the clean they have not made known; and from my Shabbat they have hidden their eyes, and I am profaned in their midst.

Key wordsחָמַס chamas to wrong, do violence to, treat violentlyקֹדֶשׁ qodesh apartness, holiness, sacredness, separatenessבָּדַל badal to divide, separate

And he wrote the work of the priests of the restored temple in the same words.

Ezekiel 44:23 · YLV

And my people they shall teach the difference between holy and profane, and they shall make them know between the unclean and the clean.

Key wordsיָרָה yarah to throw, shoot, cast, pourקֹדֶשׁ qodesh apartness, holiness, sacredness, separatenessטָמֵא tame unclean, impure

Yeshua and James also laid a heavier responsibility on those who teach.

Matthew 5:19 · YLV

Whoever then breaks one of the least of these commandments and teaches others to do the same will be called least in the kingdom of the heavens; but whoever keeps and teaches them will be called great in the kingdom of the heavens.

Key wordsβασιλεία basileia kingdom, the king's ruleλύω lyo to loose, destroyἐντολή entole commandment

James 3:1 · YLV

Not many of you should become teachers, my brothers, knowing that we will receive a stricter krima(verdict).

Key wordsκρίμα krima judgment, verdictδιδάσκαλος didaskalos a teacherἀδελφός adelphos a brother

8. Isaiah 66:17 — calling themselves holy, following the one in the middle

VerseYLVNote
Isaiah 66:17Those who sanctify themselves and purify themselves toward the gardens, behind one in the midst, who eat the flesh (basar) of swine and the detestable thing and the mouse, together they shall come to an end, declares YHWH.אָכַל akal(to eat, devour, burn up, feed) · בָּשָׂר basar(flesh)

Isaiah wrote this about the last days.

Isaiah 66:17 · YLV

Those who sanctify themselves and purify themselves toward the gardens, behind one in the midst, who eat the flesh (basar) of swine and the detestable thing and the mouse, together they shall come to an end, declares YHWH.

Key wordsקָדַשׁ qadash to consecrate, sanctify, prepare, dedicateטָהֵר taher to be clean, be pureחֲזִיר chazir hog, swine, boar

These are not people without religion. They are people who set themselves apart as holy (qadash, קָדַשׁ) and purify themselves (taher, טָהֵר) — people standing in the place of worship. And they do it "following the one in the middle." There is one who stands in front, and the crowd eats following him. This word does not end with ancient Israel. The very next verses record when that time is.

Isaiah 66:18 · YLV

And I—their works and their thoughts—the time is coming to gather all the nations and the tongues; and they shall come and see my glory.

Key wordsגּוֹי goy nation, peopleלָשׁוֹן lashon tongueקָבַץ qabats to gather, assemble

Isaiah 66:23 · YLV

And it shall come to pass, from new moon to new moon, and from Shabbat to Shabbat, all flesh (basar) shall come to worship before me, says YHWH.

Key wordsחֹדֶשׁ chodesh the new moon, month, monthlyשַׁבָּת shabbath Sabbathבָּשָׂר basar flesh

Zephaniah wrote of the same time. The language he will give to all the peoples is a "pure" language.

Zephaniah 3:9 · YLV

For then I will turn to the peoples a pure language, that they all may call on the name of YHWH, to serve him (avad) with one shoulder.

Key wordsשָׂפָה saphah lip, language, speech, shore, bank, brinkבָּרַר barar to purify, select, polish, choose, purgeשְׁכֶם shekem shoulder, back

"Pure" is the Hebrew berurah (בְּרוּרָה), from barar (בָּרַר, to sift out, to make clean). Barar is the very word Isaiah 52:11 uses when it says "come out from the midst of it and make yourselves clean," and Paul quoted that verse to a Gentile church (2 Corinthians 6:17). The worship of the time when he gathers all nations is worship that calls on the name of YHWH with lips sifted and made clean.

It is the time when he gathers all nations and tongues, when all flesh comes to worship before YHWH every new moon and every Sabbath. In that context it says the crowd who call themselves holy and eat pork following the one in front will come to an end together.

9. Therefore

What one eats is not a condition of justification. But it does concern the holy place. The New Testament was written while the temple stood, and in that time among those who read the Torah in the synagogue, served in the temple, and led the ekklesia, there was no one who ate pork. The Torah said not to approach holy things while unclean; the New Testament called the community a temple and said to touch nothing unclean; and at the Lord's table there were those who fell sick and fell asleep. Teaching that distinction is the work of the one who leads.

Today's problem is reading a word written while the temple stood through the shape of the church of the following centuries, putting Isaiah 66:17 away as an old story, and — exactly in the picture that word drew — leading the holy assembly and preaching the holy word. What one eats may be a personal matter, but eating as one follows the one in front is not a personal matter. Those who teach receive the stricter judgment.

That this question has to be treated on its own already shows what today looks like. In the first-century ekklesia it was a question that did not even need to be asked. The reason it must be taken up as a question today is that eating pork has become so ordinary in the church that, even after reading Leviticus 11 and Isaiah 66:17, it has become hard to think those words are addressed to us. That is why this question is written. Not to condemn anyone, but to set the word before us as it stands and to look again together.

Closing — Where to Return

Repentance is returning. The place to return to is loving Yeshua, and loving Yeshua is keeping his commandments.

John 14:15 · YLV

If you agapao(love) Me, you will keep My commandments.

Key wordsἀγαπάω agapao to loveἐντολή entole commandmentτηρέω tereo to keep

John 14:21 · YLV

He who has My commandments and keeps them is the one who agapao(loves) Me; and he who agapao(loves) Me will be agapao(loved) by My Father, and I will agapao(love) him and will disclose Myself to him."

Key wordsἐντολή entole commandmentτηρέω tereo to keepἀγαπάω agapao to love

That commandment is not new. It is the commandment the Father gave from the beginning, and Yeshua's word is not his own but the Father's who sent him.

1 John 2:7 · YLV

Brothers, I am not writing you a new commandment, but an old commandment that you had from the beginning; the old commandment is the logos(word) that you have heard from the beginning.

Key wordsλόγος logos wordἀδελφός adelphos a brotherἐντολή entole commandment

2 John 1:5-6 · YLV

(5) And now I ask you, dear lady — not as though I were writing you a new commandment, but the one we have had from the beginning — that we love one another. (6) And this is love: that we walk according to His commandments; this is the commandment, just as you have heard from the beginning, so that you walk in it.

Key wordsΚυρία Kyria a Christian woman to whom the second Epistle of John is addressedπεριπατέω peripateo to walk, conduct oneselfἐρωτάω erotao to question

John 14:24 · YLV

He who does not agapao(love) Me does not keep My logos(words); and the logos(word) which you hear is not Mine, but the Father's who sent Me.

Key wordsλόγος logos wordἀγαπάω agapao to loveτηρέω tereo to keep

That commandment the Father gave from the beginning is the Torah. The place to return to is one: loving Yeshua, which is keeping the commandments, which is the Torah. For the one who has received the true Spirit of God, keeping the Torah is joy. Romans 8 says so.

Romans 8:4 · YLV

so that the dikaioma(ordinance) of the nomos(law) might be fulfilled in us who do not walk according to the sarx(flesh) but according to the pneuma(spirit).

Key wordsδικαίωμα dikaioma righteous act, ordinance carried outνόμος nomos lawσάρξ sarx flesh

Psalm 1:2 · YLV

But his delight is in the Torah of YHWH, and in his Torah he meditates day and night.

Key wordsהָגָה hagah to murmur, meditate

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