Demonstratives כִּנּוּי רוֹמֵז kinnui romez

elleh — these (are)

The near plural אֵלֶּה. אֵלֶּה תוֹלְדוֹת הַשָּׁמַיִם וְהָאָרֶץ “these are the generations of the heavens and the earth.” With no article, at the head of the sentence, it makes the verbless clause “these are ….” אֵלֶּה serves both genders (תּוֹלְדוֹת is feminine plural).

YLVThese are the generations of the heavens and the earth when they were created, in the day that YHWH God made earth and heavens.

zot — this (f)

The near feminine singular זֹאת. Seeing the woman, Adam says זֹאת הַפַּעַם עֶצֶם מֵעֲצָמַי “this now is bone of my bones.” It refers to a woman, so the feminine זֹאת. The verse has זֹאת three times — the subject זֹאת, לְזֹאת with a preposition (“to this one”), and זֹּאת after the verb.

YLVAnd Adam said, "This now is bone of my bones and flesh (basar) of my flesh (basar); for this one it shall be called Woman (ishah), because from Man (ish) this one was taken."

lezot — this one (shall be called)

The preposition לְ (to) + זֹאת. לְזֹאת יִקָּרֵא אִשָּׁה “this one shall be called Woman” — with “call X Y,” the one named takes לְ (as in 1:5 וַיִּקְרָא … לָאוֹר יוֹם). The demonstrative stands alone like a noun and takes a preposition.

YLVAnd Adam said, "This now is bone of my bones and flesh (basar) of my flesh (basar); for this one it shall be called Woman (ishah), because from Man (ish) this one was taken."

hahi — that (land)

The article + the 3fs pronoun הִוא. הָאָרֶץ הַהִוא “that land” — the land of Havilah mentioned in 2:11. Not “this” but “that,” farther from the speaker. It is the only “far” demonstrative in Genesis 1–2.

YLVAnd the gold of that land is good; there is the bdellium and the onyx stone.

zeh — this (is)

The near masculine singular זֶה. זֶה סֵפֶר תּוֹלְדֹת אָדָם “this is the book of the generations of Adam” — first in the sentence, no article: “this is ….” סֵפֶר (book) is masculine, so זֶה. Same pattern as אֵלֶּה תוֹלְדוֹת in 2:4.

YLVThis is the book of the generations of Adam. In the day God created man (adam), in the likeness of God he made him.

hazzeh — this (day)

The article הַ + זֶה. בַּיּוֹם הַזֶּה “on this day” — after the noun יוֹם, “this ….” The noun has the article (בַּ = בְּ + הַ) and so does the demonstrative. The dot in ז is the doubling caused by the article (see the Article page).

YLVIn the year of six hundred years of Noah's life (chai), in the second month, on the seventeenth day of the month, on this day all the fountains of the great deep were broken open, and the windows of the heavens were opened.

hazzot — this (land)

The article + the feminine זֹאת. אֶת־הָאָרֶץ הַזֹּאת “this land.” אֶרֶץ (land) is feminine, so הַזֹּאת. Noun הָאָרֶץ and demonstrative הַזֹּאת agree in article, gender and number.

YLVAnd YHWH appeared to Abram, and said: "To your seed I will give this land." And he built there an altar to YHWH, who had appeared to him.

ha’elleh — these (things)

The article + the plural אֵלֶּה. אַחַר הַדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה “after these things.” א is a guttural and cannot take the doubling dot, so the article’s vowel lengthens from הַ to הָ.

YLVAfter these things the word of YHWH came to Abram in a vision, saying, "Fear not, Abram; I am a shield to you, your reward is exceedingly great."

ha’el — these (men)

The rare short form אֵל of אֵלֶּה, with the article. לָאֲנָשִׁים הָאֵל “to these men.” It is spelled like אֵל (God), but here it follows the noun “men” with the article and means “these.” OSHB analyzes this form as a demonstrative four times in Genesis.

YLVBehold now, I have two daughters who have not known a man (ish); let me bring them out to you, and do to them as is good in your eyes; only to these men (ish) do nothing, for therefore they have come under the shadow of my roof."

hahu — that (day)

The article + הוּא. בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא “on that day” — set it beside בַּיּוֹם הַזֶּה “on this day” (7:11): הַזֶּה is “this,” הַהוּא is “that.” The same verse also has הָאָרֶץ הַזֹּאת “this land.”

YLVIn that day YHWH cut a covenant (berit) with Abram, saying, "To your seed I have given this land, from the river of Egypt to the great river, the river Euphrates:

hahem — those (days)

The article + הֵם (they). בַּיָּמִים הָהֵם “in those days” — יָמִים (days) is masculine plural, so הֵם. ה is a guttural and cannot be doubled, so the article becomes הָ. In the same verse הֵמָּה הַגִּבֹּרִים “they are the mighty ones,” without the article, is a pronoun.

YLVThe Nephilim were in the earth in those days, and also after that, when the sons of God came in to the daughters of man (adam), and they bore to them; they are the mighty ones who were of old, the men (ish) of the name.

hallazeh — that (man) there

הַלָּזֶה is a rare demonstrative, “that one over there.” Rebekah asks מִי־הָאִישׁ הַלָּזֶה “who is that man?” ל after הַ has a dot, and the end is זֶה. It occurs only twice in the Old Testament (24:65 · 37:19, counted in OSHB).

YLVAnd she said to the servant, "Who is this man (ish) walking in the field to meet us?" And the servant said, "It is my master." And she took the veil and covered herself.

zot — (what is) this

מַה־זֹּאת עָשִׂית “what is this you have done?” Right after the question word מָה (what) it sharpens the question. The dot in ז is the doubling caused by מַה (see Interrogatives). In 3:14 כִּי עָשִׂיתָ זֹּאת “because you have done this” it is the object.

YLVAnd YHWH God said to the woman (ishah), "What is this you have done?" And the woman (ishah) said, "The serpent deceived me, and I ate."

zeh — (why) then

לָמָּה זֶּה צָחֲקָה שָׂרָה “why is it that Sarah laughed?” After the question word לָמָּה (why), זֶה does not point to a thing; it strengthens the question, like English “why ever.” Same pattern as מַה־זֹּאת in 3:13.

YLVAnd YHWH said to Abraham, "Why is it that Sarah laughed, saying, 'Shall I indeed bear, and I am old?'