YLV Study
Spirit, Soul, Body & John 14:2
Where spirit, soul and body dwell — and the first resurrection
How to read this study
Every verse is quoted in full from the Yeshua Literal Version. The quotations are not typed by hand — they are filled in by machine, so nothing is shortened or left out.
Whole sentences of Greek and Hebrew are not printed. Instead, each verse carries only the words the argument rests on, and always all three together: the original word · its transliteration · its meaning. The original word is given in its dictionary form.
Verse numbers in the Psalms follow the Masoretic numbering. The YLV counts a psalm's title as verse 1, so Psalm 4:4 in most English Bibles is 4:5 here, 4:8 is 4:9, and 63:6 is 63:7. The YLV number is given below, with the common English number beside it where it helps.
The study follows eight questions.
| Question | Where |
|---|---|
| Is the topos (τόπος) of John 14:2 a place of the soul or of the spirit? | Chapter 1 |
| Is that place the holy city, New Jerusalem? | Chapter 2 |
| The souls of the martyrs and the rest of the holy ones — is "under the altar" a place set apart? | Chapter 3 |
| Man is a living soul (nephesh chayah) — does the soul sleep until the resurrection? | Chapter 4 |
| Is Paradise the realm of spirit — was the thief's spirit saved that day? | Chapter 5 |
| Is the spirit saved upon believing, and is the first resurrection the rising of the whole person? | Chapter 6 |
| The bed (mishkav) — what do Psalm 149 and Isaiah 57 say? | Chapter 7 |
| "Sleep" has two layers, and so does "bed" | Chapter 8 |
1The topos of John 14:2
(1) Do not let your kardia(heart, soul-domain) be troubled; believe in God, believe also in Me. (2) In My Father's house are many dwelling places; if it were not so, I would have told you; for I go to prepare a place for you. (3) If I go and prepare a place for you, I will come again and receive you to Myself, that where I am, there you may be also.
Key wordsτόπος topos placeμονή mone dwelling, abodeἑτοιμάζω hetoimazo to prepare
Mone (μονή) occurs only twice in the New Testament
Yeshua(Jesus) answered and said to him, "If anyone agapao(loves) Me, he will keep My logos(word); and My Father will agapao(love) him, and We will come to him and make Our abode with him.
Key wordsμονή mone dwelling, abodeἀγαπάω agapao to love
The mone of 14:23 is made within a person. Its root is meno (μένω, to remain). Mone is not real estate; it is mutual indwelling.
| Verse | YLV | Note |
|---|---|---|
| John 15:4 | Abide in Me and I in you; as the branch cannot bear fruit of itself unless it abides in the vine, so neither can you unless you abide in Me. | μένω meno(to remain, abide) — Abide in Me and I in you |
| John 8:35 | The slave does not remain in the house forever; the son does remain forever. | μένω meno(to remain, abide) · οἰκία oikia(house) — the son does remain forever |
Topos (τόπος) — the place one goes to on departing
Topos is also the word for the place a person goes to when he leaves this world.
| Verse | YLV | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Acts 1:25 | to take the place in this ministry and apostleship from which Judas parabaíno(going-ahead-and-departing, transgressing) to go to his own place." | τόπος topos(place) — to go to his own place |
To prepare (ἑτοιμάζω) — what is prepared is a city and a kingdom
| Verse | YLV | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Hebrews 11:10 | For he was looking forward to the city that has foundations, whose designer and builder is God. | πόλις polis(city) — the city that has foundations, whose designer and builder is God |
| Hebrews 11:16 | But as it is, they desire a better homeland — that is, a heavenly one; therefore God is not ashamed to be called their God, for He has prepared a city for them. | ἑτοιμάζω hetoimazo(to prepare) — He has prepared a city for them |
| Matthew 25:34 | Then the King will say to those on His right: "Come, you who are blessed of My Father — inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world. | ἑτοιμάζω hetoimazo(to prepare) · βασιλεία basileia(kingdom) — the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world |
| Revelation 21:2 | And I saw the holy city, new Jerusalem, coming down out of heaven from God, prepared as a bride adorned for her husband. | ἑτοιμάζω hetoimazo(to prepare) — prepared as a bride adorned for her husband |
Hebrews 11:39-40 — the root of the "whole person" argument
(39) And all these, though commended through their faith, did not receive what was promised, (40) since God had provided something better for us, so that apart from us they should not be made perfect.
Key wordsτελειόω teleioo to make complete, perfectπροβλέπω problepo to foresee, provideἐπαγγελία epangelia promise
The earlier generations and we are made complete together, at one point in time.
2The Father's house = the sanctuary = New Jerusalem
"My Father's house" is temple language
| Verse | YLV | Note |
|---|---|---|
| John 2:16 | and to those who were selling the doves He said, "Take these things away; stop making My Father's house a place of business." | οἶκος oikos(house) — My Father's house |
| John 2:19 | Yeshua(Jesus) answered and said to them, "Destroy this temple and in three days I will raise it up." | ναός naos(sanctuary, temple) — Destroy this temple |
| John 2:21 | But He was speaking of the temple of His body. | ναός naos(sanctuary, temple) · σῶμα soma(body) — the temple of His body |
Within one Gospel the line runs: the Father's house → the temple → His body.
The city itself is the sanctuary
And I heard a great voice from heaven saying, "Behold, the tabernacle of God is with people, and He will tabernacle with them, and they will be His people, and God Himself will be with them."
Key wordsσκηνή skene tent, tabernacleσκηνόω skenoo to tabernacle, dwell
And the city is laid out as a square, and its length is the same as its width, and he measured the city with the reed — twelve thousand stadia(about 1,400 miles); its length and width and height are equal.
Key wordsτετράγωνος tetragonos foursquareἴσος isos equalπόλις polis city
And I saw no naos(sanctuary-temple) in it, for the Lord God the Almighty is its naos(sanctuary-temple), and the Lamb.
Key wordsναός naos sanctuary, temple
Length, breadth and height are equal — a cube. It is the structure of the Holy of Holies.
| Verse | YLV | Note |
|---|---|---|
| 1 Kings 6:20 | And before the oracle—twenty cubits in length, and twenty cubits in breadth, and twenty cubits its height—and he overlaid it with pure gold; and he overlaid an altar of cedar. | דְּבִיר debir(oracle, inner sanctuary) — twenty cubits in length, and twenty cubits in breadth, and twenty cubits its height |
The city that exists now — the heavenly Jerusalem
(22) But you have come to Mount Zion and to the city of the living God, the heavenly Jerusalem, and to innumerable myriads of angels, (23) to the festal gathering and ekklesia(called-out community) of the firstborn who are enrolled in heaven, and to God the krites(Judge) of all, and to the pneumata(spirits) of the righteous who have been made perfect,
Key wordsἐπουράνιος epouranios heavenlyπνεῦμα pneuma spiritτελειόω teleioo to make complete, perfect
Paul calls this same city "the Jerusalem above."
| Verse | YLV | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Galatians 4:26 | But the Jerusalem above is free; she is our mother. | Ἱερουσαλήμ Hierousalem(Jerusalem) · ἄνω ano(above) — the Jerusalem above |
The time of the receiving — when He comes again
| Verse | YLV | Note |
|---|---|---|
| John 14:3 | If I go and prepare a place for you, I will come again and receive you to Myself, that where I am, there you may be also. | παραλαμβάνω paralambano(to receive to oneself) · ἔρχομαι erchomai(to come) — I will come again and receive you to Myself |
"I will come again" fixes the time of that final receiving at His return.
3How "spirit" (pneuma) and "soul" (psyche) are distributed
Martyrs are "souls"; the holy ones are "spirits"
(9) And when He opened the fifth seal, I saw under the altar the psychai(souls) of those slaughtered on account of the logos(word, message) of God and on account of the testimony of the Lamb which they held. (10) And they cried out with a great voice, saying, "How long, O Master, the Holy and alethinos(True, Genuine), will You not krino(judge, pronounce judgment) and avenge our blood from those dwelling on the earth?" (11) And a white robe was given to each of them, and they were told to rest yet a little chronos(chronological-time) until both their fellow servants and their brothers — those about to be killed as they were — should be complete.
Key wordsψυχή psyche soulθυσιαστήριον thysiasterion altarἀναπαύω anapauo to rest
And I saw thrones, and they sat on them, and krima(verdict) was given to them, and the psychai(souls) of those who had been beheaded on account of the testimony of Yeshua(Jesus) and on account of the logos(word, message) of God, and those who had not worshiped the beast or its image and had not received the mark on their forehead and on their hand — they lived and reigned with the Messiah(Christ) for a thousand years.
Key wordsψυχή psyche soulζάω zao to live, come to lifeβασιλεύω basileuo to reign
Both passages that speak of souls are about martyrs. The holy ones of Hebrews 12:23 are spirits.
| Verse | YLV | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Hebrews 12:23 | to the festal gathering and ekklesia(called-out community) of the firstborn who are enrolled in heaven, and to God the krites(Judge) of all, and to the pneumata(spirits) of the righteous who have been made perfect, | πνεῦμα pneuma(spirit) · τελειόω teleioo(to make complete, perfect) — the pneumata(spirits) of the righteous who have been made perfect |
The white robe given to the martyrs in 6:11 is also worn by the great multitude of 7:9.
| Verse | YLV | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Revelation 7:9 | After these things I looked, and behold, a great multitude that no one was able to count, from every ethnos(nation, Gentile-people) and tribes and peoples and tongues, standing before the throne and before the Lamb, clothed in white robes and with palm branches in their hands, | στολή stole(robe) · λευκός leukos(white) — clothed in white robes |
Why only the martyrs are under the altar — the grammar of Leviticus
For the soul (nephesh) of the flesh (basar) is in the blood, and I myself have given it to you upon the altar to make atonement for your souls (nephesh); for it is the blood that makes atonement by the soul (nephesh).
Key wordsנֶפֶשׁ nephesh soulדָּם dam bloodמִזְבֵּחַ mizbeach altar
For the soul (nephesh) of all flesh (basar) — its blood is in its soul (nephesh); and I said to the sons of Israel: You shall not eat the blood of all flesh (basar), for the soul (nephesh) of all flesh (basar) is its blood; everyone who eats it shall be cut off.
Key wordsנֶפֶשׁ nephesh soulדָּם dam bloodבָּשָׂר basar flesh
| Verse | YLV | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Leviticus 4:7 | And the priest shall put from the blood upon the horns of the altar of the incense of spices before YHWH, which is in the tent (ohel) of appointed time (moed); and all the blood of the bull he shall pour out at the base of the altar of the burnt offering, which is at the opening of the tent (ohel) of appointed time (moed). | יְסוֹד yesod(base, foundation) · מִזְבֵּחַ mizbeach(altar) · שָׁפַךְ shaphak(to pour out) — he shall pour out at the base of the altar of the burnt offering |
| Leviticus 4:18 | And from the blood he shall put upon the horns of the altar which is before YHWH, which is in the tent (ohel) of appointed time (moed); and all the blood he shall pour out at the base of the altar of the burnt offering, which is at the opening of the tent (ohel) of appointed time (moed). | יְסוֹד yesod(base, foundation) · שָׁפַךְ shaphak(to pour out) — he shall pour out at the base of the altar of the burnt offering |
| Leviticus 4:25 | And the priest shall take from the blood of the sin offering with his finger, and put it upon the horns of the altar of the burnt offering, and its blood he shall pour out at the base of the altar of the burnt offering. | יְסוֹד yesod(base, foundation) · שָׁפַךְ shaphak(to pour out) — he shall pour out at the base of the altar of the burnt offering |
| Leviticus 4:30 | And the priest shall take from its blood with his finger, and put it upon the horns of the altar of the burnt offering, and all its blood he shall pour out at the base of the altar. | יְסוֹד yesod(base, foundation) · שָׁפַךְ shaphak(to pour out) — he shall pour out at the base of the altar |
The nephesh is in the blood, and the blood is poured out at the base of the altar. That is why the souls of the martyrs are under the altar. It is not a figure of speech; it is the grammar of Leviticus.
There is an altar in heaven too
| Verse | YLV | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Revelation 8:3 | And another angel came and stood at the altar holding a golden incense burner, and much incense was given to him so that he might offer it with the prayers of all the holy ones on the golden altar before the throne. | θυσιαστήριον thysiasterion(altar) — the golden altar before the throne |
| Revelation 9:13 | And the sixth angel sounded, and I heard one voice from the four horns of the golden altar before God, | θυσιαστήριον thysiasterion(altar) — the golden altar before God |
Martyrdom is a pouring out upon the altar
Paul speaks of his own death as a drink offering poured out upon the sacrifice.
| Verse | YLV | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Philippians 2:17 | But even if I am being poured out as a drink offering upon the sacrifice and leitourgia(service) of your faith, I rejoice and share my joy with you all. | σπένδω spendo(to pour out as a drink offering) · θυσία thysia(sacrifice) — poured out as a drink offering upon the sacrifice |
| 2 Timothy 4:6 | For I am already being poured out as a drink offering, and the kairos(appointed-time) of my departure has come. | σπένδω spendo(to pour out as a drink offering) · ἀνάλυσις analysis(departure) — I am already being poured out as a drink offering |
Stephen — a martyr who commits his spirit and "falls asleep"
(59) And they went on stoning Stephen as he called out and said, "Lord Yeshua(Jesus), receive my pneuma(spirit)." (60) And falling on his knees, he cried out with a loud voice, "Lord, do not hold this sin against them!" And having said this, he fell asleep.
Key wordsπνεῦμα pneuma spiritκοιμάω koimao to fall asleep
The spirit goes to the Lord, and the man falls asleep. The two statements stand side by side in one paragraph.
Man in three parts
Now may the God of eirene(peace) Himself sanctify you entirely; and may your pneuma(spirit) and psyche(soul) and body be preserved complete, without blame at the parousia(presence-coming) of our Lord Yeshua(Jesus) Messiah(Christ).
Key wordsπνεῦμα pneuma spiritψυχή psyche soulσῶμα soma bodyὁλόκληρος holokleros whole, complete
Soul and spirit are two different words
Scripture sets soul and spirit side by side in a single sentence — and keeps them apart.
| Verse | YLV | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Luke 1:46-47 | (46) And Mariam said, "My psyche(soul) magnifies the Lord, (47) and my pneuma(spirit) rejoices in God my Savior, | ψυχή psyche(soul) · πνεῦμα pneuma(spirit) — My psyche(soul) magnifies the Lord · my pneuma(spirit) rejoices |
| Hebrews 4:12 | For the logos(word) of God is living and active and sharper than any two-edged sword, piercing to the division of psyche(soul) and pneuma(spirit), of joints and marrow, and discerning the enthumeseis(intentions, thoughts) and ennoiai(attitudes, dispositions) of the kardia(heart, soul-domain). | ψυχή psyche(soul) · πνεῦμα pneuma(spirit) · μερισμός merismos(division) — the division of psyche(soul) and pneuma(spirit) |
| John 12:27 | Now My psyche(soul) has become troubled; and what shall I say? 'Father, save Me from this hora(that-hour)'? But for this purpose I came to this hora(that-hour). | ψυχή psyche(soul) — Now My psyche(soul) has become troubled |
| John 13:21 | When Yeshua(Jesus) had said this, He became troubled in pneuma(spirit), and testified and said, "Truly, truly I say to you, that one of you will betray Me." | πνεῦμα pneuma(spirit) — He became troubled in pneuma(spirit) |
4Man = a living soul (nephesh chayah)
And YHWH God formed Adam of dust (aphar) from the ground (adamah), and breathed into his nostrils the breath (neshamah) of life, and Adam became a living soul (nephesh).
Key wordsנֶפֶשׁ nephesh soulחַי chay livingנְשָׁמָה neshamah breath
So also it is written: "The first man, Adam, became a living psyche(soul)"; the last Adam became a zoe(life)-giving pneuma(spirit).
Key wordsψυχή psyche soulπνεῦμα pneuma spiritζωοποιέω zoopoieo to give life
Man = nephesh chayah. "Those who sleep," then, are sleeping souls.
Nephesh means the person himself. It is the nephesh that sins and the nephesh that dies, and even a dead person is called a nephesh.
| Verse | YLV | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Ezekiel 18:4 | Behold, all the souls (nephesh) are mine; as the soul (nephesh) of the father, so also the soul (nephesh) of the son — they are mine; the soul (nephesh) that sins, it shall die. | נֶפֶשׁ nephesh(soul) — the soul (nephesh) that sins, it shall die |
| Numbers 6:6 | All the days of his consecrating himself to YHWH he shall not come near a dead soul (nephesh). | נֶפֶשׁ nephesh(soul) — a dead soul (nephesh) |
(13) But we do not want you to be uninformed, brothers, about those who are asleep, so that you will not grieve as do the rest who have no elpis(hope). (14) For if we believe that Yeshua(Jesus) died and rose again, even so God will bring with Him those who have fallen asleep in Yeshua(Jesus). (15) For this we say to you by the logos(word) of the Lord, that we who are alive and remain until the parousia(presence-coming) of the Lord, will not precede those who have fallen asleep. (16) For the Lord Himself will descend from heaven with a shout, with the voice of the archangel and with the trumpet of God, and the dead in Messiah(Christ) will rise first. (17) Then we who are alive and remain will be caught up together with them in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air, and so we shall always be with the Lord.
Key wordsκοιμάω koimao to fall asleepπαρουσία parousia coming, presenceἀνίστημι anistemi to riseἁρπάζω harpazo to catch up, seize
The soulish order and the spiritual order — Paul's own division
| Verse | YLV | Note |
|---|---|---|
| 1 Corinthians 15:44 | it is sown a psychikon(soulish) body, it is raised a pneumatikon(spiritual) body; if there is a psychikon(soulish) body, there is also a pneumatikon(spiritual) body. | ψυχικός psychikos(soulish, natural) · πνευματικός pneumatikos(spiritual) · σῶμα soma(body) — a psychikon(soulish) body · a pneumatikon(spiritual) body |
| 1 Corinthians 15:46 | However, the pneumatikon(spiritual) is not first, but the psychikon(soulish); then the pneumatikon(spiritual). | ψυχικός psychikos(soulish, natural) · πνευματικός pneumatikos(spiritual) — the pneumatikon(spiritual) is not first, but the psychikon(soulish) |
The soul lies beyond the death of the body
And do not fear those who kill the body but are not able to kill the psyche(soul); but rather fear Him who is able to destroy both psyche(soul) and body in Gehenna(valley of Hinnom, place of fiery judgment).
Key wordsψυχή psyche soulσῶμα soma bodyγέεννα geenna Gehenna, the Valley of Hinnom
The soul does not pass into nothing. It continues, and it rests. That is the line this verse draws.
| Verse | YLV | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Revelation 6:11 | And a white robe was given to each of them, and they were told to rest yet a little chronos(chronological-time) until both their fellow servants and their brothers — those about to be killed as they were — should be complete. | ἀναπαύω anapauo(to rest) — they were told to rest yet a little |
| Revelation 14:13 | And I heard a voice from heaven saying, "Write: blessed are the dead who die in the Lord from now on." "Yes," says the pneuma(spirit), "so that they may rest from their labors, for their works follow with them." | ἀναπαύω anapauo(to rest) · πνεῦμα pneuma(spirit) — so that they may rest from their labors |
A precedent — bodies that slept and rose
(52) The tombs were opened, and many bodies of the hagioi(holy ones, saints) who had fallen asleep were raised; (53) and coming out of the tombs after His resurrection they entered the holy city and appeared to many.
Key wordsκοιμάω koimao to fall asleepσῶμα soma bodyἐγείρω egeiro to raise
All who are in the tombs will hear His voice
(28) Do not marvel at this; for an hora(that-hour) is coming in which all who are in the tombs will hear His voice, (29) and will come forth; those who did the good deeds to a resurrection of zoe(life), those who committed the evil deeds to a resurrection of krisis(judgment).
Key wordsμνημεῖον mnemeion tombἀνάστασις anastasis resurrection
The resurrection divides into two kinds, and the place where it happens is the tomb. It is the same picture as Daniel 12:2.
| Verse | YLV | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Daniel 12:2 | And many of those sleeping in the ground (adamah) of dust (aphar) shall awake, these to everlasting life (chai), and these to reproaches and to everlasting abhorrence. | יָשֵׁן yashen(sleeping) · קוּץ quts(to awake) · עָפָר aphar(dust) — many of those sleeping in the ground (adamah) of dust (aphar) shall awake |
5Paradise = the realm of spirit
And He said to him, "Truly I say to you, today you shall be with Me in Paradise."
Key wordsπαράδεισος paradeisos paradiseσήμερον semeron today
| Verse | YLV | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Luke 23:46 | And Yeshua(Jesus) cried out with a loud voice, "Father, into Your hands I commit My pneuma(spirit)"; and having said this, He breathed His last. | πνεῦμα pneuma(spirit) · παρατίθημι paratithemi(to commit, entrust) — into Your hands I commit My pneuma(spirit) |
| Matthew 27:50 | And Yeshua(Jesus) cried out again with a loud voice and gave up His pneuma(spirit). | πνεῦμα pneuma(spirit) · ἀφίημι aphiemi(to release, give up) — gave up His pneuma(spirit) |
Luke and Matthew both record the same moment with the word spirit.
What is born of the spirit is spirit
That which is born of the sarx(flesh) is sarx(flesh), and that which is born of the pneuma(spirit) is pneuma(spirit).
Key wordsπνεῦμα pneuma spiritσάρξ sarx flesh
Already passed over
Truly, truly I say to you, he who hears My logos(word) and believes Him who sent Me has eternal zoe(life), and does not come into krisis(judgment) but has passed out of death into zoe(life).
Key wordsμεταβαίνω metabaino to pass overζωή zoe lifeθάνατος thanatos death
The spirit has a location apart from the body — the opening of 1 Corinthians 5
(3) For I, while absent in body but present in pneuma(spirit), have already judged as though I were present the one who has done this thing — (4) in the name of our Lord Yeshua(Jesus) Messiah(Christ), when you are assembled and my pneuma(spirit) is present, with the dynamis(power) of our Lord Yeshua(Jesus) Messiah(Christ), (5) to deliver such a one to satan(adversary) for the destruction of the sarx(flesh), so that the pneuma(spirit) may be saved in the day of the Lord Yeshua(Jesus).
Key wordsπνεῦμα pneuma spiritσῶμα soma bodyσάρξ sarx flesh
The place reached outside the body is Paradise
(2) I know a man in Messiah(Christ) who fourteen years ago — whether in the body I do not know, or out of the body I do not know, God knows — such a man was caught up to the third heaven. (3) And I know how such a man — whether in the body or apart from the body I do not know, God knows — (4) was caught up into Paradise and heard inexpressible rhemata(spoken-words) which a man is not permitted to speak.
Key wordsπαράδεισος paradeisos paradiseἁρπάζω harpazo to catch up, seizeσῶμα soma body
Paradise (paradeisos) occurs three times in the New Testament: Luke 23:43, 2 Corinthians 12:4 and Revelation 2:7.
| Verse | YLV | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Revelation 2:7 | Let the one who has an ear hear what the pneuma(spirit) says to the ekklesia(called-out communities): to the one who overcomes I will grant to eat from the tree of zoe(life), which is in the paradise of my God. | παράδεισος paradeisos(paradise) · ζωή zoe(life) · ξύλον xylon(tree) — the tree of zoe(life), which is in the paradise of my God |
Absent from the body, at home with the Lord
| Verse | YLV | Note |
|---|---|---|
| 2 Corinthians 5:1 | For we know that if the earthly tent which is our house is torn down, we have a building from God, a house not made with hands, eternal in the heavens. | οἰκία oikia(house) · ἀχειροποίητος acheiropoietos(not made with hands) — a house not made with hands, eternal in the heavens |
| 2 Corinthians 5:6 | Therefore, being always of good courage, and knowing that while we are at home in the body we are absent from the Lord — | ἐνδημέω endemeo(to be at home) · ἐκδημέω ekdemeo(to be away from home) — while we are at home in the body we are absent from the Lord |
| 2 Corinthians 5:8 | we are of good courage, I say, and prefer rather to be absent from the body and to be at home with the Lord. | ἐκδημέω ekdemeo(to be away from home) · ἐνδημέω endemeo(to be at home) — to be absent from the body and to be at home with the Lord |
| Philippians 1:23 | But I am hard-pressed from both directions, having the desire to depart and be with Messiah(Christ), for that is very much better; | ἀναλύω analyo(to depart) — to depart and be with Messiah |
The definition of death — spirit and body parted
| Verse | YLV | Note |
|---|---|---|
| James 2:26 | For just as the body apart from pneuma(spirit) is dead, so also faith apart from works is dead. | πνεῦμα pneuma(spirit) · σῶμα soma(body) · νεκρός nekros(dead) — the body apart from pneuma(spirit) is dead |
| Ecclesiastes 12:7 | and the dust (aphar) returns to the earth as it was, and the spirit (ruach) returns to God who gave it. | רוּחַ ruach(spirit) · עָפָר aphar(dust) · שׁוּב shub(to return) — the spirit (ruach) returns to God who gave it |
The rich man and Lazarus — after death, for those who were not martyrs
(22) Now the poor man died and was carried away by the angels to Abraham's bosom; and the rich man also died and was buried. (23) In Hades he lifted up his eyes, being in torment, and saw Abraham far away and Lazarus in his bosom. (24) And he cried out and said, 'Father Abraham, have mercy on me, and send Lazarus so that he may dip the tip of his finger in water and cool off my tongue, for I am in agony in this flame.' (25) But Abraham said, 'Child, remember that during your life you received your good things, and likewise Lazarus bad things; but now he is being comforted here, and you are in agony. (26) And besides all this, between us and you there is a great chasm fixed, so that those who wish to come over from here to you will not be able, and that none may cross over from there to us.'
Key wordsᾅδης hades Hades, the realm of the deadκόλπος kolpos bosomχάσμα chasma chasm
6The three tenses of salvation — the first resurrection is the rising of the whole person
The spirit — already received
| Verse | YLV | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Ephesians 2:8 | For by charis(grace) you have been saved through faith; and that not of yourselves, it is the dorea(free-gift) of God; | σώζω sozo(to save) · χάρις charis(grace) — by charis(grace) you have been saved through faith |
| Romans 8:10 | But if Messiah(Christ) is in you, the body is dead because of sin, yet the pneuma(spirit) is zoe(life) because of dikaiosyne(righteousness). | πνεῦμα pneuma(spirit) · σῶμα soma(body) · ζωή zoe(life) — the body is dead because of sin, yet the pneuma(spirit) is zoe(life) |
| 1 Corinthians 6:17 | But the one who joins himself to the Lord is one pneuma(spirit) with Him. | πνεῦμα pneuma(spirit) · κολλάω kollao(to join) — one pneuma(spirit) with Him |
The soul — as the outcome of faith
| Verse | YLV | Note |
|---|---|---|
| 1 Peter 1:9 | obtaining the outcome of your faith — the Salvation of your psychai(souls). | ψυχή psyche(soul) · σωτηρία soteria(salvation) · τέλος telos(outcome, end) — the Salvation of your psychai(souls) |
| 1 Peter 1:5 | who are being guarded by the dynamis(power) of God through faith for a Salvation ready to be revealed in the last kairos(appointed-time). | σωτηρία soteria(salvation) · καιρός kairos(appointed time) — a salvation ready to be revealed in the last kairos |
| Hebrews 10:39 | But we are not of those who shrink back and are destroyed, but of those who have faith and preserve their psyche(soul). | ψυχή psyche(soul) · περιποίησις peripoiesis(preserving, gaining) — those who have faith and preserve their psyche(soul) |
| James 1:21 | Therefore, putting away all filthiness and rampant wickedness, receive with meekness the implanted logos(word), which is able to save your psychai(souls). | ψυχή psyche(soul) · σώζω sozo(to save) — able to save your psychai(souls) |
The body — waiting for redemption
| Verse | YLV | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Romans 8:23 | And not only that, but also we ourselves, having the first-fruits of the pneuma(spirit), we also groan within ourselves, awaiting huiothesia(adoption, sonship) — the apolytrosis(redemption, ransom-release) of our body. | σῶμα soma(body) · ἀπολύτρωσις apolytrosis(redemption) — the apolytrosis(redemption, ransom-release) of our body |
| Romans 8:11 | But if the pneuma(spirit) of the One who raised Yeshua(Jesus) from the dead dwells in you, the One who raised Messiah(Christ) from the dead will also give zoe(life) to your mortal bodies through His pneuma(spirit) who dwells in you. | ζωοποιέω zoopoieo(to give life) · θνητός thnetos(mortal) — will also give zoe(life) to your mortal bodies |
| Philippians 3:21 | who will transform the body of our humble state into conformity with the body of His glory, by the energeia(working) of His dynamai(being-able) to subject all things to Himself. | σῶμα soma(body) · μετασχηματίζω metaschematizo(to transform) · συμμορφός symmorphos(conformed to) — into conformity with the body of His glory |
| Romans 5:9 | Much more then, having now been justified by His blood, we will be saved through Him from the orge(wrath). | σώζω sozo(to save) · ὀργή orge(wrath) — we will be saved through Him from the orge(wrath) |
The first resurrection — the point at which the person is made whole
(5) And the rest of the dead did not live until the thousand years were completed — this is the first resurrection. (6) Blessed and holy is the one who has a part in the first resurrection; the second death has no exousia(authority) over these, but they will be priests of God and of the Messiah(Christ) and will reign with Him for a thousand years.
Key wordsἀνάστασις anastasis resurrectionπρῶτος protos firstθάνατος thanatos death
But each in his own order: Messiah(Christ) the first fruits, after that those who are Messiah(Christ)'s at His parousia(presence-coming).
Key wordsτάγμα tagma order, rankἀπαρχή aparche first fruitsπαρουσία parousia coming, presence
| Verse | YLV | Note |
|---|---|---|
| 1 Corinthians 15:20 | But now Messiah(Christ) has been raised from the dead, the first fruits of those who are asleep. | κοιμάω koimao(to fall asleep) · ἀπαρχή aparche(first fruits) — the first fruits of those who are asleep |
(51) Behold, I tell you a mysterion(mystery); we will not all sleep, but we will all be changed, (52) in a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trumpet; for the trumpet will sound, and the dead will be raised imperishable, and we will be changed.
Key wordsκοιμάω koimao to fall asleepἀλλάσσω allasso to changeσάλπιγξ salpinx trumpet
7The bed (mishkav) — Psalm 149 and Isaiah 57
Two passages, one form — עַל־מִשְׁכְּבוֹתָם
(1) The righteous one perishes, and no man (ish) lays it to heart; and men (ish) of kindness are gathered, with none understanding, that from before the evil the righteous is gathered. (2) He enters into peace; they rest upon their beds, each one walking in his uprightness.
Key wordsמִשְׁכָּב mishkav bedנוּחַ nuach to restשָׁלוֹם shalom peace
Let the faithful ones exult in glory; let them sing for joy upon their beds.
Key wordsמִשְׁכָּב mishkav bedרָנַן ranan to sing for joyחָסִיד chasid faithful one
Mishkav (מִשְׁכָּב) is a noun of place formed from shakhav (שָׁכַב, to lie down). When the verb is used in two layers, the noun of place formed from it is used in two layers as well.
The awakening — Isaiah 26:19
Your dead shall live, my dead bodies shall rise. Awake and sing for joy, dwellers in the dust (aphar)! For your dew is a dew of lights, and the earth shall cast forth the shades.
Key wordsקוּץ quts to awakeרָנַן ranan to sing for joyעָפָר aphar dust
"Sing" here (rannenu) and "let them sing for joy" in Psalm 149:5 (yerannenu) are the same root, ranan (רָנַן).
Satisfied with His likeness on awaking
As for me, in righteousness I shall behold your face; I shall be satisfied, when I awake, with your likeness.
Key wordsקוּץ quts to awakeתְּמוּנָה temunah likeness, form
| Verse | YLV | Note |
|---|---|---|
| 1 John 3:2 | Beloved, we are God's children now, and what we will be has not yet appeared; but we know that when He appears we will be like Him, because we will see Him as He is. | ὅμοιος homoios(like) · φανερόω phaneroo(to appear) — when He appears we will be like Him |
From rest to standing up — Daniel 12
| Verse | YLV | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Daniel 12:2 | And many of those sleeping in the ground (adamah) of dust (aphar) shall awake, these to everlasting life (chai), and these to reproaches and to everlasting abhorrence. | יָשֵׁן yashen(sleeping) · קוּץ quts(to awake) · עָפָר aphar(dust) — many of those sleeping in the ground (adamah) of dust (aphar) shall awake |
| Daniel 12:13 | But you, go your way to the end; and you shall rest, and stand up to your lot at the end of the days. | נוּחַ nuach(to rest) · עָמַד amad(to stand) · קֵץ qets(end) — you shall rest, and stand up to your lot at the end of the days |
The latter half of Psalm 149 is the millennial kingdom
Praise Yah! Sing to YHWH a new song, his praise in the assembly of the faithful ones.
Key wordsשִׁיר shir songחָדָשׁ chadash newחָסִיד chasid faithful one
The "new song" of Psalm 149 is sung before the throne in Revelation.
| Verse | YLV | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Revelation 5:9 | And they sing a new song, saying, "Worthy are You to take the biblion(scroll) and to open its seals, because You were slaughtered and purchased for God by Your blood people from every tribe and tongue and people and ethnos(nation, Gentile-people), | ᾠδή ode(song) · καινός kainos(new) — they sing a new song |
| Revelation 14:3 | And they sing a new song before the throne and before the four living creatures and the elders, and no one was able to learn the song except the one hundred forty-four thousand who had been purchased from the earth. | ᾠδή ode(song) · καινός kainos(new) — they sing a new song before the throne |
For YHWH takes pleasure in his people; he adorns the humble with salvation (yeshuah).
Key wordsיְשׁוּעָה yeshuah salvation
(6) The high praises of God are in their throat, and a two-edged sword in their hand; (7) to execute vengeance among the nations, chastisements among the peoples; (8) to bind their kings with chains, and their nobles with fetters of iron; (9) to execute upon them the judgment (mishpat) written; this is the honor for all his faithful ones. Praise Yah.
Key wordsמִשׁפָּט mishpat judgmentכָּתַב kathab to writeחֶרֶב chereb sword
Awaking upon the bed (verse 5) → judging and ruling the nations (verses 6-9).
The two-edged sword and the authority to rule the nations are exactly what Revelation promises to the one who overcomes.
| Verse | YLV | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Revelation 2:26-27 | (26) And to the one who overcomes and who keeps my works to the end, I will give exousia(authority) over the ethne(nations, Gentiles), (27) and he will shepherd them with an iron rod; as clay vessels they will be shattered — as I also have received from my Father. | ἐξουσία exousia(authority) · ποιμαίνω poimaino(to shepherd, rule) · ῥάβδος rhabdos(rod) — exousia(authority) over the ethne(nations, Gentiles) |
| Revelation 19:15 | And out of His mouth a sharp double-edged sword comes out so that He might strike the ethne(nations, Gentiles) with it, and He will shepherd them with an iron rod, and He treads the winepress of the wine of the fury of the orge(wrath) of God the Almighty. | ῥομφαία rhomphaia(sword) · δίστομος distomos(double-edged) · ποιμαίνω poimaino(to shepherd, rule) — a sharp double-edged sword · He will shepherd them with an iron rod |
8"Sleep" has two layers, and so does "bed"
Scripture itself separates the two layers — John 11
(11) He said these things, and after that He said to them, "Our philos(friend) Lazarus has fallen asleep; but I go, so that I may awaken him out of sleep." (12) The disciples then said to Him, "Lord, if he has fallen asleep, he will recover." (13) Now Yeshua(Jesus) had spoken of his death, but they thought that He was speaking of literal sleep. (14) So Yeshua(Jesus) then said to them with parresia(plainness, boldness), "Lazarus is dead,
Key wordsκοιμάω koimao to fall asleepκοίμησις koimesis sleep, reposeἀποθνήσκω apothnesko to die
Sleep — the everyday sense
And behold, a great seismos(shaking, storm) arose on the sea, so that the boat was being swamped by the waves, but He was sleeping.
Key wordsκαθεύδω katheudo to sleep
Sleep — the sense of death
(24) He said: "Leave, for the girl has not died but is sleeping" — and they began laughing at Him. (25) But when the crowd had been put outside, He went in and took her by the hand, and the girl got up.
Key wordsκαθεύδω katheudo to sleepἀποθνήσκω apothnesko to dieἐγείρω egeiro to raise
The Old Testament also writes of death as lying down and as sleep.
| Verse | YLV | Note |
|---|---|---|
| 1 Kings 2:10 | And David slept with his fathers, and was buried in the city of David. | שָׁכַב shakhav(to lie down) — David slept with his fathers |
| Job 14:12 | And a man (ish) lies down and does not rise; until the heavens are no more they will not awake, nor be roused from their sleep. | שָׁכַב shakhav(to lie down) · קוּץ quts(to awake) · שֵׁנָה shenah(sleep) — a man (ish) lies down and does not rise |
| Jeremiah 51:39 | When they are heated, I will set their feast, and I will make them drunk, that they may exult and sleep an everlasting sleep and not wake, declares YHWH. | יָשֵׁן yashen(to sleep) · שֵׁנָה shenah(sleep) · קוּץ quts(to awake) — sleep an everlasting sleep and not wake |
A bed inside the tomb — 2 Chronicles 16 (mishkav)
(13) And Asa lay with his fathers, and died in year forty and one of his reign. (14) And they buried him in his graves that he had dug for himself in the city of David, and laid him on the bed that was filled with spices and various kinds mixed by the perfumer's art; and they made for him a very great burning.
Key wordsשָׁכַב shakhav to lie downמִשְׁכָּב mishkav bed
The verb shakhav and the noun mishkav stand in two verses that follow one another, and that bed is inside the tomb.
A bed inside Sheol — Ezekiel 32 (mishkav)
| Verse | YLV | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Ezekiel 32:21 | The mighty ones of the warriors shall speak to him from the midst of Sheol with his helpers; they have gone down, they lie still, the uncircumcised, slain by the sword. | שָׁכַב shakhav(to lie down) — they lie still |
| Ezekiel 32:25 | In the midst of the slain they have given a bed to her with all her multitude; around it her graves; all of them uncircumcised, slain by the sword, because their terror was given in the land of the living (chai); and they bear their shame with those going down to the pit; in the midst of the slain they are placed. | מִשְׁכָּב mishkav(bed) — they have given a bed to her |
| Ezekiel 32:27 | And they do not lie with the mighty ones, the fallen of the uncircumcised, who went down to Sheol with their weapons of war, and they put their swords under their heads; and their iniquities were upon their bones, for the terror of the mighty was in the land of the living (chai). | שָׁכַב shakhav(to lie down) — they do not lie |
The word is mishkav, the same word as the "bed" of 2 Chronicles 16:14. The two passages belong to one usage.
The bed in its everyday sense — the Psalms (mishkav)
| Verse | YLV | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Psalm 4:5 | Tremble and do not sin; speak in your heart upon your bed, and be still. Selah. | מִשְׁכָּב mishkav(bed) — upon your bed (4:4 in most English Bibles) |
| Psalm 4:9 | In peace I will both lie down and sleep, for you, YHWH, alone make me dwell in safety. | שָׁכַב shakhav(to lie down) · יָשֵׁן yashen(to sleep) — lie down and sleep (4:8 in most English Bibles) |
| 2 Samuel 4:7 | And they came into the house, as he was lying on his bed in his bedchamber, and they struck him and put him to death, and removed his head, and took his head, and went the way of the Arabah all the night. | שָׁכַב shakhav(to lie down) · מִשְׁכָּב mishkav(bed) — lying on his bed in his bedchamber |
| Genesis 28:11 | And he came upon the place, and stayed the night there, because the sun had set; and he took of the stones of the place, and put them at his head, and lay down in that place. | שָׁכַב shakhav(to lie down) — lay down in that place |
Psalm 4:9 is an everyday use in which lie down (shakhav) and sleep (yashen) stand in one verse.
A different word for "bed" — yatsua (יָצוּעַ)
| Verse | YLV | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Psalm 63:7 | when I remember you upon my bed, in the night watches I meditate on you. | יָצוַּע yatsua(couch, bed) — upon my bed (63:6 in most English Bibles) |
| Job 17:13 | If I wait — Sheol is my house; in the darkness I have spread my couch. | יָצוַּע yatsua(couch, bed) · שְׁאוֹל sheol(Sheol) — in the darkness I have spread my couch |
| Psalm 6:7 | I am weary with my groaning; every night I make my bed to swim; with my tears I dissolve my couch. | מִטָּה mittah(bed) · עֶרֶשׂ eres(couch) — my bed · my couch (6:6 in most English Bibles) |
| Genesis 49:33 | And Jacob finished commanding (tzivvah) his sons, and he gathered his feet into the bed, and expired, and was gathered to his people. | מִטָּה mittah(bed) — he gathered his feet into the bed |
The "bed" of Psalm 63:7 and the "couch" of Job 17:13 are not mishkav but yatsua (יָצוּעַ), and the "bed" of Psalm 6:7 and Genesis 49:33 is mittah (מִטָּה). In English they are all "bed" or "couch," but the Hebrew words differ, so these passages must not be counted among the uses of mishkav.
The three layers side by side
| Layer | Sleep | Bed (mishkav) |
|---|---|---|
| Everyday | Matt 8:24 · Ps 4:9 · Gen 28:11 | Ps 4:5 · 2 Sam 4:7 |
| Death | Dan 12:2 · 1 Thess 4:13 · John 11:11-14 · Matt 9:24 · 2 Chr 16:13 · 1 Kgs 2:10 · Job 14:12 · Jer 51:39 · Acts 7:60 · Matt 27:52 | Isa 57:2 · 2 Chr 16:14 · Ezek 32:25 |
| Spiritual sloth | 1 Thess 5:6 · Eph 5:14 · Rom 13:11 | — |
| Verse | YLV | Note |
|---|---|---|
| 1 Thessalonians 5:6 | so then let us not sleep as others do, but let us be alert and sober. | καθεύδω katheudo(to sleep) · γρηγορεύω gregoreuo(to be awake, watch) — let us not sleep as others do |
| 1 Thessalonians 5:7 | For those who sleep do their sleeping at night, and those who get drunk get drunk at night. | καθεύδω katheudo(to sleep) — those who sleep do their sleeping at night |
| 1 Thessalonians 5:10 | who died for us, so that whether we are awake or asleep, we will live together with Him. | καθεύδω katheudo(to sleep) · γρηγορεύω gregoreuo(to be awake, watch) — whether we are awake or asleep, we will live together with Him |
| Ephesians 5:14 | For this reason it says: "Awake, sleeper, and arise from the dead, and Messiah(Christ) will shine on you." | καθεύδω katheudo(to sleep) · ἀνίστημι anistemi(to rise) — Awake, sleeper, and arise from the dead |
| Romans 13:11 | And knowing this kairos(appointed-time) — that it is already the hora(that-hour) for you to awaken from sleep — for now our Salvation is nearer than when we first believed. | ὕπνος hypnos(sleep) · ἐγείρω egeiro(to awaken, raise) — to awaken from sleep |
The "sickbed" of Revelation 2:22 is the Greek kline — a bed one is thrown onto in judgment.
| Verse | YLV | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Revelation 2:22 | Behold, I am throwing her onto a sickbed, and those committing adultery with her into great suffering — unless they metanoesosin(repent, spiritual domain) of her works. | κλίνη kline(bed, sickbed) — I am throwing her onto a sickbed |
What settles the reading of the two passages
| Ground | What it shows |
|---|---|
| Isa 26:19 | Awaking and ranan (singing) stand inside a resurrection context |
| Ps 149:6-9 | Those who awake go straight on to judge the nations |
| 2 Chr 16:14 · Ezek 32:25 | Mishkav is used inside the tomb and inside Sheol |
The whole picture
| Right after death (now) | His return · the first resurrection | |
|---|---|---|
| Spirit (pneuma · ruach) | Paradise = the realm of spirit, awake — Luke 23:43 · 23:46 · Matt 27:50 · 2 Cor 5:8 · 12:4 · Phil 1:23 · Heb 12:23 · Eccl 12:7 | Joined as one part of the whole person |
| Soul (psyche · nephesh) | Rests upon the bed, is not destroyed — Isa 57:2 · Dan 12:13 · Rev 6:11 · Matt 10:28 | Awakes and sings for joy — Ps 149:5 · Isa 26:19 · Ps 17:15 |
| Body (soma · basar) | Lies in the dust, the tomb — Dan 12:2 · Eccl 12:7 · Rom 8:10 · John 5:28 | Rises — Isa 26:19 · 1 Thess 4:16 · Rom 8:11 · Matt 27:52 · John 5:29 |
| Tense of salvation | Spirit already (Eph 2:8 · John 5:24) · soul as the outcome (1 Pet 1:9) · body yet to come (Rom 8:23) | The whole person — 1 Thess 5:23 · Heb 11:40 |
| The martyrs | Souls under the altar — Lev 17:11 · 4:7 · 4:18 · 4:25 · 4:30 · Rev 6:9-11 | Come to life and reign a thousand years — Rev 20:4-6 |
| Dwelling | The heavenly Jerusalem — Heb 12:22 | The New Jerusalem coming down — Rev 21:2 |
Points for further study
Revelation 6:10 — the souls under the altar speak
| Verse | YLV | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Revelation 6:10 | And they cried out with a great voice, saying, "How long, O Master, the Holy and alethinos(True, Genuine), will You not krino(judge, pronounce judgment) and avenge our blood from those dwelling on the earth?" | κράζω krazo(to cry out) — they cried out with a great voice |
| Revelation 6:11 | And a white robe was given to each of them, and they were told to rest yet a little chronos(chronological-time) until both their fellow servants and their brothers — those about to be killed as they were — should be complete. | ἀναπαύω anapauo(to rest) — they were told to rest yet a little |
The very next verse, 6:11, says "rest a little longer," so the scene itself assumes a state of rest.
"Made complete" in Hebrews 12:23
| Verse | YLV | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Hebrews 12:23 | to the festal gathering and ekklesia(called-out community) of the firstborn who are enrolled in heaven, and to God the krites(Judge) of all, and to the pneumata(spirits) of the righteous who have been made perfect, | τελειόω teleioo(to make complete, perfect) · πνεῦμα pneuma(spirit) — the pneumata(spirits) of the righteous who have been made perfect |
| 1 Thessalonians 5:23 | Now may the God of eirene(peace) Himself sanctify you entirely; and may your pneuma(spirit) and psyche(soul) and body be preserved complete, without blame at the parousia(presence-coming) of our Lord Yeshua(Jesus) Messiah(Christ). | ὁλόκληρος holokleros(whole, complete) · παρουσία parousia(coming, presence) — preserved complete, without blame at the parousia(presence-coming) |
| Hebrews 11:40 | since God had provided something better for us, so that apart from us they should not be made perfect. | τελειόω teleioo(to make complete, perfect) — apart from us they should not be made perfect |
The spirit has already been made complete. The whole person is made complete at the parousia (1 Thess 5:23), so the completeness of the spirit and the completeness of the whole person must be kept on two different levels. The ground is Hebrews 11:40.
"A house not made with hands" in 2 Corinthians 5:1
| Verse | YLV | Note |
|---|---|---|
| 2 Corinthians 5:1 | For we know that if the earthly tent which is our house is torn down, we have a building from God, a house not made with hands, eternal in the heavens. | οἰκία oikia(house) · ἀχειροποίητος acheiropoietos(not made with hands) — a house not made with hands, eternal in the heavens |
| 2 Corinthians 5:2 | For indeed in this house we groan, longing to be clothed with our dwelling from heaven, | ἐπενδύομαι ependyomai(to be clothed upon) · οἰκητήριον oiketerion(dwelling) — longing to be clothed with our dwelling from heaven |
| 2 Corinthians 5:3 | inasmuch as we, having put it on, will not be found naked. | ἐνδύω endyo(to put on) · γυμνός gymnos(naked) — will not be found naked |
For indeed while we are in this tent, we groan, being burdened, because we do not want to be unclothed but to be clothed, so that what is mortal will be swallowed up by zoe(life).
Key wordsἐπενδύομαι ependyomai to be clothed uponσκήνος skenos tentζωή zoe life
Because of the language of "being clothed," the house of 5:1 reads in context not as a place but as the resurrection body.
Yatsua and mishkav
| Verse | YLV | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Psalm 63:7 | when I remember you upon my bed, in the night watches I meditate on you. | יָצוַּע yatsua(couch, bed) — upon my bed (63:6 in most English Bibles) |
| Psalm 149:5 | Let the faithful ones exult in glory; let them sing for joy upon their beds. | מִשְׁכָּב mishkav(bed) — let them sing for joy upon their beds |
As noted in chapter 8, the "bed" of Psalm 63:7 is yatsua in Hebrew and must be kept apart from the uses of mishkav.
This study begins from the topos of John 14:2 and follows where spirit, soul and body are after death, and how they rise as one whole at the first resurrection. Quotations are the full text of the Yeshua Literal Version; the original key words are taken from the word data of OSHB v2.2 (Westminster Leningrad Codex) for the Old Testament and RP2018 for the New. Bible Homes Inc.
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